SainsScience

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1

Question 1

Jadual 1 menunjukkan hujan yang diukur di sebuah sekolah selama lima hari.

Hari / Day	Isnin / Mon	Selasa / Tue	Rabu / Wed	Khamis / Thu	Jumaat / Fri
Hujan (mm) / Rain (mm)	12	5	0	9	18

Antara berikut, yang manakah tafsiran data yang betul?Table 1 shows the rain measured at a school over five days. Which is a correct interpretation of the data?

• AHujan paling banyak turun pada hari Isnin.The most rain fell on Monday.
• BHujan turun pada setiap hari.It rained on every day.
• CHari Jumaat menerima 6 mm hujan lebih banyak daripada hari Isnin.Friday had 6 mm more rain than Monday.
• DHari Rabu menerima hujan paling banyak.Wednesday had the most rain.

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C

Friday 18 mm − Monday 12 mm = 6 mm more. The most rain fell on Friday, and Wednesday had 0 mm, so it did not rain that day.

For the teacher: Understanding, medium difficulty, Unit 1, standard 1.1.8

Textbook p. 8

2

Question 2

Pasangan manakah yang memadankan bahan dengan sumber asasnya dengan betul?Which pair matches the material with its basic source correctly?

• APlastik: petroleumPlastic: petroleum
• BBulu biri-biri: tumbuhanWool: plants
• CKapas: haiwanCotton: animals
• DKulit: batuanLeather: rocks

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A

Plastic is made from petroleum. Wool comes from animals, cotton comes from plants and leather comes from animals.

For the teacher: Remembering, low difficulty, Unit 8, standard 8.1.2

Textbook p. 142

3

Question 3

Seekor haiwan bertulang belakang mempunyai kulit yang lembap. Haiwan itu bertelur dan bernafas dengan peparu dan kulit. Apakah kelas haiwan itu?A vertebrate has moist skin. It lays eggs and breathes with its lungs and skin. Which class does it belong to?

• AIkanFish
• BReptiliaReptile
• CMamaliaMammal
• DAmfibiaAmphibian

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D

Amphibians have moist skin, lay eggs, and breathe with lungs and moist skin. Fish breathe with gills; reptiles have scales; mammals have fine hair and give birth.

For the teacher: Understanding, low difficulty, Unit 3, standard 3.2.3

Textbook p. 60

4

Question 4

Antara berikut, yang manakah sumber cahaya?Which of the following is a source of light?

• ABulanThe Moon
• BCerminA mirror
• CApiA flame
• DPelangiA rainbow

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C

A flame gives out its own light. The Moon and a mirror only reflect light, and a rainbow is formed when raindrops refract sunlight.

For the teacher: Remembering, low difficulty, Unit 5, standard 5.2.1

Textbook p. 94

5

Question 5

Rajah 1 menunjukkan bilangan pergerakan dada dalam satu minit bagi Dev selepas empat aktiviti. Apakah kesimpulan yang betul?Diagram 1 shows the number of chest movements Dev made in one minute after four activities. What is the correct conclusion?

• AParu-paru mengecil apabila kita berlari.The lungs get smaller when we run.
• BSemakin cergas aktiviti, semakin tinggi kadar pernafasan.The more active the activity, the higher the rate of breathing.
• CKadar pernafasan sama bagi semua aktiviti.The rate of breathing is the same for all activities.
• DDuduk memerlukan lebih banyak oksigen daripada berlari.Sitting needs more oxygen than running.

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B

The bars get taller as the activity gets harder (16, 22, 30, 40), so the rate of breathing increases with activity.

For the teacher: Understanding, low difficulty, Unit 2, standard 2.1.5

Textbook p. 33

6

Question 6

Aina memutar spring kereta mainan sehingga ketat, kemudian melepaskannya. Kereta itu bergerak. Apakah perubahan tenaga yang berlaku?Aina winds the spring of a toy car tightly and then lets it go. The car moves. What is the energy change?

• ATenaga kimia kepada tenaga kinetikChemical energy to kinetic energy
• BTenaga keupayaan kepada tenaga kinetikPotential energy to kinetic energy
• CTenaga kinetik kepada tenaga keupayaanKinetic energy to potential energy
• DTenaga haba kepada tenaga cahayaHeat energy to light energy

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B

A wound-up spring stores potential energy (it is squashed). When it is released, the spring unwinds and the car moves, so potential energy changes to kinetic energy.

For the teacher: Applying, medium difficulty, Unit 7, standard 7.1.4

Textbook p. 129

7

Question 7

Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebiji tukul digunakan untuk mencabut paku. Huruf manakah menunjukkan fulkrum?Diagram 2 shows a hammer being used to pull out a nail. Which letter shows the fulcrum?

• AP
• BQ
• CR
• DS

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B

The fulcrum is the point that supports the rod. The head of the hammer rests on the board at Q. P is the load (the nail) and R is where the force is applied.

For the teacher: Understanding, low difficulty, Unit 10, standard 10.1.1

Textbook p. 170

8

Question 8

Bunyi di dalam sebuah kilang ialah 95 dB. Apakah yang perlu dipakai oleh pekerja untuk melindungi pendengaran mereka?The sound in a factory is 95 dB. What should the workers wear to protect their hearing?

• APelindung telingaEar protectors
• BTopeng mukaFace masks
• CSarung tanganGloves
• DTopi keledarHelmets

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A

Sound above 85 dB can damage hearing. Ear protectors reduce the sound that reaches the ears.

For the teacher: Understanding, low difficulty, Unit 6, standard 6.1.5

Textbook p. 121

9

Question 9

Rafi meletakkan dua pasu pokok hijau yang serupa, P dan Q. Kedua-duanya disiram dengan air yang sama banyak. Pokok P diletakkan di tepi tingkap yang cerah. Pokok Q diletakkan di dalam almari yang gelap. Selepas dua minggu, daun pokok Q pucat dan pokok itu tidak membesar. Apakah sebab yang paling sesuai?Rafi puts two identical potted green plants, P and Q, in different places. Both get the same amount of water. Plant P is by a bright window. Plant Q is in a dark cupboard. After two weeks the leaves of plant Q are pale and it has not grown. What is the best reason?

• APokok Q mempunyai lebih banyak klorofil daripada pokok P.Plant Q has more chlorophyll than plant P.
• BPokok Q tidak memerlukan air.Plant Q does not need water.
• CPokok Q tidak bertindak balas terhadap sentuhan.Plant Q does not respond to touch.
• DPokok Q tidak dapat membuat makanannya tanpa cahaya matahari.Plant Q cannot make its food without sunlight.

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D

Water was the same for both plants; the only difference is sunlight. Without sunlight, photosynthesis cannot happen, so plant Q cannot make food and does not grow.

For the teacher: Analysing, high difficulty, Unit 4, standard 4.2.2

Textbook p. 77

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Question 10

Pada pukul 8 pagi, bayang-bayang sebatang tiang bendera panjang dan menghala ke barat. Pada pukul 12 tengah hari, Hari memerhatikan tiang itu lagi. Apakah yang dilihat oleh Hari?At 8 a.m. the shadow of a flagpole is long and points to the west. At 12 noon Hari looks at the pole again. What does he see?

• ABayang-bayang menjadi lebih pendek.The shadow is shorter.
• BBayang-bayang menjadi lebih panjang.The shadow is longer.
• CBayang-bayang itu hilang kerana Matahari bergerak.The shadow disappears because the Sun moves.
• DBayang-bayang menjadi sama panjang tetapi menghala ke timur.The shadow is the same length but points east.

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A

As Earth rotates, the Sun is low in the morning and high at noon. The shadow is long in the morning and shortest at noon. The Sun does not really move, Earth rotates.

For the teacher: Applying, medium difficulty, Unit 9, standard 9.2.3

Textbook p. 163

13

Question 13

Amir menyiasat gema. Dia bertepuk tangan sekali di empat tempat dan mendengar dengan teliti. Rajah 3 menunjukkan dua daripada tempat itu. Jadual 2 menunjukkan hasilnya.

Tempat / Place	Permukaan di sekeliling / Surface around	Amir mendengar bunyi tepukan lagi? / Heard the clap again?
Dewan kosong / Empty hall	Dinding konkrit keras / Hard concrete walls	Ya / Yes
Perpustakaan / Library	Karpet dan langsir tebal / Carpet and thick curtains	Tidak / No
Padang terbuka / Open field	Tiada dinding berdekatan / No wall nearby	Tidak / No
Tangga kosong / Empty stairwell	Jubin keras / Hard tiles	Ya / Yes

Amir investigates echoes. He claps his hands once in four places and listens carefully. Diagram 3 shows two of the places. Table 2 shows his results.

[1 mark] (a)Apakah nama bunyi yang didengar semula selepas dipantulkan oleh permukaan yang keras?What is the name of a sound that is heard again after it is reflected by a hard surface?

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• Echo / gema1

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[1 mark] (b)Nyatakan satu pemerhatian daripada Jadual 2.State one observation from Table 2.

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Any 1 points

• Amir heard the clap again in the empty hall / in the empty stairwell1
• Amir did not hear the clap again in the library / in the open field1

Any one correct observation from the table. An observation is what you see or hear, not the reason.

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[1 mark] (c)Nyatakan satu inferens mengapa Amir tidak mendengar bunyi tepukan lagi di perpustakaan.State one inference why Amir does not hear the clap again in the library.

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• The carpet and curtains are soft and absorb the sound / do not reflect the sound1

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[2 marks] (d)Nyatakan
(i) pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan,
(ii) pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.State
(i) the manipulated variable,
(ii) the responding variable.

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• (i) The place / the surface around Amir (hard or soft)1
• (ii) Whether Amir hears the clap again / an echo1

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[1 mark] (e)Apakah kesimpulan penyiasatan ini?What is the conclusion of this investigation?

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• Hard surfaces reflect sound (so an echo is heard) but soft surfaces do not reflect sound / absorb sound1

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[2 marks] (f)Seekor kelawar menggunakan prinsip yang serupa untuk mencari serangga pada waktu malam. Terangkan bagaimana kelawar itu mengesan serangga.A bat uses a similar idea to find insects at night. Explain how the bat detects an insect.

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• The bat sends out ultrasound (sound that humans cannot hear)1
• The sound is reflected back from the insect and the bat hears it, so it knows where the insect is1

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For the teacher: Applying, low difficulty, Unit 6, standard 6.1.3

Textbook p. 115

14

Question 14

Sebuah sekolah mengadakan Minggu Tenaga. Murid menyenaraikan empat sumber tenaga yang digunakan untuk menjana elektrik. Jadual 3 menunjukkan senarai itu.

Huruf / Letter	Sumber tenaga / Energy source
P	Arang batu / Coal
Q	Air yang mengalir dari empangan / Flowing water from a dam
R	Gas asli / Natural gas
S	Cahaya matahari pada panel solar / Sunlight on solar panels

A school holds an Energy Week. The pupils list four energy sources used to generate electricity. Table 3 shows the list.

[2 marks] (a)Kelaskan sumber tenaga P, Q, R dan S kepada boleh dibaharui dan tidak boleh dibaharui.
(i) Boleh dibaharui: ______
(ii) Tidak boleh dibaharui: ______Classify energy sources P, Q, R and S as renewable and non-renewable.
(i) Renewable: ______
(ii) Non-renewable: ______

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• (i) Q and S1
• (ii) P and R1

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[1 mark] (b)Mengapakah arang batu ialah sumber tenaga yang tidak boleh dibaharui?Why is coal a non-renewable energy source?

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• It is a fossil fuel that takes millions of years to form / it is limited and will run out1

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[2 marks] (c)Sebuah kipas bertenaga solar digunakan di kantin sekolah. Lengkapkan rantai perubahan tenaga untuk kipas itu.
Tenaga solar → (i) ______ → (ii) ______A solar-powered fan is used in the school canteen. Complete the energy chain for the fan.
Solar energy → (i) ______ → (ii) ______

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• (i) Electrical energy1
• (ii) Kinetic energy1

The solar panel changes sunlight to electrical energy; the motor changes it to kinetic energy so the blades turn.

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[1 mark] (d)Air yang disimpan di bahagian atas empangan yang tinggi mempunyai satu bentuk tenaga. Namakan tenaga itu.The water stored high up in the dam has a form of energy. Name that energy.

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• Potential energy / tenaga keupayaan1

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[2 marks] (e)Farid berkata, "Apabila penjana menghasilkan elektrik, tenaga itu habis digunakan dan hilang." Adakah Farid betul? Terangkan jawapan anda.Farid says, "When a generator produces electricity, the energy is used up and lost." Is Farid correct? Explain your answer.

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• No / Farid is not correct1
• Energy cannot be destroyed. It is only changed (transformed) into other forms such as electrical, heat and sound energy1

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For the teacher: Applying, medium difficulty, Unit 7, standard 7.2.1

Textbook p. 134

15

Question 15

Hafiz mencatat jumlah air yang diminum dan air kencing yang dikeluarkan pada dua hari. Jadual 4 menunjukkan catatannya. Pada hari Selasa, badan Hafiz berpeluh dengan banyak.

Hari / Day	Aktiviti / Activity	Air diminum / Water drunk	Air kencing / Urine passed
Isnin / Monday	Membaca di rumah / Reading at home	1 200 mℓ	800 mℓ
Selasa / Tuesday	Bermain bola sepak selama dua jam / Played football for two hours	1 800 mℓ	400 mℓ

Hafiz records the amount of water he drinks and the urine he passes on two days. Table 4 shows his record. On Tuesday his body sweated a lot.

[2 marks] (a)Lengkapkan jadual organ perkumuhan.

Organ / Organ	Hasil perkumuhan / Excretory product
Buah pinggang / Kidneys	Air kencing / Urine
Kulit / Skin	(i) ______
(ii) ______	Karbon dioksida dan wap air / Carbon dioxide and water vapour

Complete the table of excretory organs.

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• (i) Sweat / peluh1
• (ii) Lungs / peparu1

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[1 mark] (b)Nyatakan satu pemerhatian tentang air kencing Hafiz pada hari Selasa berbanding hari Isnin.State one observation about Hafiz's urine on Tuesday compared with Monday.

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• He passed less urine on Tuesday (400 mℓ) than on Monday (800 mℓ) / 400 mℓ less1

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[1 mark] (c)Nyatakan satu inferens mengapa Hafiz mengeluarkan lebih sedikit air kencing pada hari Selasa.State one inference why Hafiz passes less urine on Tuesday.

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• He lost more water from his body as sweat (so less water was left to be passed out as urine)1

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[1 mark] (d)Apakah nama proses mengeluarkan najis melalui dubur?What is the name of the process of removing faeces through the anus?

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• Defecation / penyahtinjaan1

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[2 marks] (e)Hafiz jarang makan sayur-sayuran dan sukar membuang najis. Najis menjadi keras.
(i) Namakan masalah kesihatan ini.
(ii) Nyatakan satu cara untuk mengatasinya.Hafiz seldom eats vegetables and finds it hard to pass faeces. His faeces become hard.
(i) Name this health problem.
(ii) State one way to overcome it.

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• (i) Constipation1
• (ii) Eat food with fibre (fruit and vegetables) / drink enough water / exercise regularly1

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[1 mark] (f)Mengapakah bahan buangan perlu dikeluarkan daripada badan?Why must waste products be removed from the body?

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• So that we do not fall ill / waste products are harmful if they stay in the body (for example kidney stones may form)1

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For the teacher: Understanding, low difficulty, Unit 2, standard 2.2.2

Textbook p. 38

16

Question 16

Ben berkhemah bersama bapanya. Mereka mengangkat sebuah batu besar menggunakan sekeping papan panjang dan sebatang kayu balak seperti dalam Rajah 4. Ben mengubah jarak X antara balak dengan batu dan menolak hujung papan ke bawah. Jadual 5 menunjukkan betapa mudahnya batu itu diangkat.

Jarak X / Distance X	Kemudahan mengangkat batu / How easy to lift the rock
100 cm	Sukar / Hard
60 cm	Agak mudah / Quite easy
20 cm	Sangat mudah / Very easy

Ben goes camping with his father. They lift a big rock using a long plank and a log as shown in Diagram 4. Ben changes the distance X between the log and the rock and pushes down on the end of the plank. Table 5 shows how easy it is to lift the rock.

[2 marks] (a)Namakan
(i) beban,
(ii) fulkrum dalam tuas ini.Name
(i) the load,
(ii) the fulcrum in this lever.

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• (i) The rock1
• (ii) The log1

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[1 mark] (b)Nyatakan pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dalam penyiasatan ini.State the manipulated variable in this investigation.

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• Distance X (between the log and the rock / the fulcrum and the load)1

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[1 mark] (c)Apakah kesimpulan penyiasatan ini?What is the conclusion of this investigation?

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• The nearer the load is to the fulcrum, the easier it is to lift (less force is needed)1

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[2 marks] (d)Kelaskan alat berikut sebagai mesin ringkas atau mesin kompleks.
(i) Pengganjal pintu
(ii) BasikalClassify the following as a simple machine or a complex machine.
(i) A doorstop
(ii) A bicycle

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• (i) Simple machine (a wedge)1
• (ii) Complex machine (it has more than one simple machine, such as gear, screw, wheel and axle)1

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[2 marks] (e)Ben dan bapanya mahu menaikkan sebaldi pasir ke rumah pokok yang tinggi. Cadangkan satu mesin ringkas yang boleh digunakan dan terangkan bagaimana mesin itu membantu mereka.Ben and his father want to lift a bucket of sand to a tree house high above the ground. Suggest one simple machine they can use and explain how it helps them.

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• A pulley (tied to a branch, with a rope)1
• It lifts the load easily / they pull the rope downwards and the bucket goes up1

Accept a suitable answer that is explained, for example a pulley with a rope.

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For the teacher: Evaluating, high difficulty, Unit 10, standard 10.1.3

Textbook p. 171

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