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Bahasa Inggeris notes, unit 1

Reading: A Window to the World

Textbook English Year 6 SK (Buku Teks Bahasa Inggeris Tahun 6, KSSR), pages 1-10 (English Year 6 SK, Unit 1: Reading: A Window to the World)

What this chapter covers

  • I can name kinds of books (genres) such as horror, science fiction, adventure, poetry, autobiography and folklore, and say which I would choose and why (1.1.2)
  • I can choose a book using the genre and the blurb or synopsis on the back cover (1.3.1)
  • I can read a short story, answer questions about it and give my opinion with reasons (2.2.2)
  • I can work out the meaning of difficult words and phrases, such as enormous, glanced and devastated, from the passage (2.3.1)
  • I can use full stops, commas, question marks, capital letters, exclamation marks and quotation marks correctly (3.2.3)
  • I can write a book report with title, author, genre, characters, synopsis, opinion and moral values (3.2.1)
  • I can form and use compound nouns such as football, wallpaper and classmate, and stress the first noun (5.1.1)
  • I can recognise words that sound the same but are spelt differently, such as night and knight (2.3.1)
  • I can enjoy a poem, "Toes", and say what it means (4.1.1)

Welcome to Unit 1. You will talk about the books you like, choose a book to read, read a story and work out hard words, practise punctuation, write a book report, and learn about compound nouns.

1.1Kinds of books: genres

Six book covers: Trumation Nation, Adventure on Penang Island, Author of Beauty a poetry book, Iban Stories, The Curse, Tun Abdul Razak a personal portrait
Guess the type of each book from its cover.

English Year 6 SK, p. 1.

Genre: a particular style of writing (or art, film or music) with its own special features.
GenreWhat it is aboutExample from the page
horrorfrightening, scary eventsThe Curse
science fictionimagined science, technology and the futureTrumation Nation
adventureexciting journeys and daring deedsAdventure on Penang Island
poetrypoems with rhythm and feelingAuthor of Beauty
autobiography / biographythe true story of a real person's life (an autobiography is written by the person)Tun Abdul Razak: A Personal Portrait
folkloretraditional tales of a peopleIban Stories
When you give an opinion, add a reason: "I would choose this book because the story is exciting and full of magic."
A book is about a boy who travels through a jungle to find hidden treasure. Which genre is it?
Show answerHide answer
Adventure.

1.2Choosing a book: blurb and synopsis

Kamini tells Idith how to pick an interesting book (p. 2):

  1. First, choose your favourite genre.
  2. Then read the synopsis (the gist of the story), which is on the back of the book.
  3. If it sounds interesting, buy it.
Blurb: a short description of a book, written to make you want to read it.

On p. 3 two blurbs are read aloud. Matilda is a clever girl, a bookworm and a Maths wizard, whose parents do not appreciate her; she goes to Cruncher Hall Primary School, run by the strict Miss Trunchball. Harry Potter lives a miserable (sad) life with his cruel aunt, uncle and cousin Dudley, until a messenger brings a mysterious letter that invites him to a wonderful place.

To answer a blurb question, find the exact word in the text. "Miserable" tells us Harry's life is sad. Dudley is Harry's cousin (the son of his aunt and uncle).
Do not copy a whole sentence when one word is asked for. "Which word tells...?" needs one word.
Name two things you can look at to decide whether a book is interesting.
Show answerHide answer
Any two: the genre, the synopsis or blurb, the cover, the pictures, the author.

1.3Reading a story: The Knight of the Night

Summary (p. 4): In the country of Peace Piece, children sleep only when the Knight of the Night sings to them. One Saturday he is late, and the mothers are angry. One mother goes to ask why. He explains that he was cleaning all day and still has to put the sun to sleep, wake the moon and polish the stars so that Sunday looks clean and pretty. She is confused and says he cannot do these things. He is angry and says he knows what he is doing. Through the window she sees the children already asleep, so she goes home and never learns whether he told the truth.

Reading steps
1. Read the whole story once.
2. Read each question and find the line that answers it.
3. Answer in a full sentence, using words from the story.
4. For "Why do you think...?", give your own idea and a reason.

Homophones

Homophones sound the same but have different spelling and meaning. Peace and piece, knight and night, write and right are homophones.

PairMeanings
peace / piececalm and quiet / a part of something
knight / nighta brave soldier of old / the dark time of day
write / rightto put words on paper / correct, or the opposite of left
Other pairs: sea / see, to / two, flower / flour, sun / son.
Why was the mother confused when the Knight said he had to put the sun to sleep?
Show answerHide answer
Because the sun does not sleep and a person cannot wake the moon or bring down the stars. What the Knight said did not sound possible.

1.4Reading: The scarecrow, and word meanings

A scary scarecrow with a red cap, long straw hair, a torn green coat and long arms, standing on a pole
The scarecrow in the passage.

English Year 6 SK, p. 5.

Summary: Pak Johan grows organic vegetables, and his very scary scarecrow keeps the birds away. His jealous neighbours Man and Lan steal it, and Pak Johan's greens are eaten. At night the brothers cannot forget the scarecrow's face; Man smashes its head and buries it. At midnight the headless scarecrow rises, grabs Lan and chases Man. Man sees it has a new head, and the story stops there, so the reader decides how it ends.

Word or phraseMeaning
organicmade without artificial chemicals
enormousextremely large
stretched output out a long arm
effectiveproducing a successful result
devastatedvery shocked and sad
took outremoved from its place
rose upmoved upward
glancedlooked quickly at
If you do not know a word, read the sentences around it. "He was devastated" comes straight after his greens were eaten, so it is a very sad feeling.
Do not mix up enormous (very big) with effective (it works well). Check the meaning in the sentence.
"Man glanced back over his shoulder." Did he stare for a long time?
Show answerHide answer
No. To glance is to look quickly.

1.5Writing: punctuation

MarkUse
Full stop (.)end of a complete sentence
Comma (,)separates phrases or items in a list
Question mark (?)end of a question
Capital letterstart of a sentence, proper nouns, and the start of direct speech
Exclamation mark (!)shows strong feeling
Quotation marks (" ")show the words someone says
Example (p. 6)
"How can you take them out?" asked the mother.
Fix this
tan and his wife jenny lived in a village by the seaside
Tan and his wife, Jenny, lived in a village by the seaside.
Names such as Tan and Jenny always need capital letters. Do not forget the full stop.
Punctuate: can you throw me back into the sea please asked the octopus
Show answerHide answer
"Can you throw me back into the sea, please?" asked the octopus.

1.6Writing: a book report

A book report says what you think about a book you read. Your opinion can be positive or negative. Idith's report on Little House on the Prairie (p. 7) has these parts:

PartIdith's report
TitleLittle House on the Prairie
AuthorLaura Ingalls Wilder
GenreClassic
CharactersLaura, father, mother, Mary and Baby Carrie
SynopsisA family moves to a new place, works hard to make it home and learns survival skills and family values.
OpinionShe likes it because it is exciting and interesting.
Moral valuesFamily values, honesty and hard work.
Give a reason with every opinion: "I like the book because...". Keep the synopsis short and do not tell the ending.
What goes under "Moral values / knowledge gained"?
Show answerHide answer
What you learnt from the book, such as honesty or the importance of hard work.

1.7Language: compound nouns

Compound noun: a word made up of two nouns. We stress the first noun when we say it.
Noun + nounCompound noun
foot + ballfootball
wall + paperwallpaper
gold + fishgoldfish
cow + boycowboy
class + mateclassmate
ground + nutsgroundnuts
shop + keepershopkeeper
door + belldoorbell
cup + cakecupcake
air + portairport

English Year 6 SK, pp. 8 and 9 (pairs matched from the Grammar exercise).

With "book" you can make words such as bookshop, bookmark, bookshelf, bookworm and notebook.
Some compound nouns are one word (classmate), but a few are written as two words. Check a dictionary if you are not sure.
Fill in: "She rang the ______ and the door opened."
Show answerHide answer
doorbell

1.8Poem: Toes

"Toes" by Judith Nicholls praises toes. They are handy to wiggle, useful to kick, fun to tickle, and good to count on, walk on and run on. The poem ends by saying feet without toes would be much less fun, and a fine set of toes is "neat". Toes also help us balance.

Say the poem with actions. In the activity you trace your foot, cut it out, tape a craft stick on and draw a face to make a foot puppet.
Name one thing the poem says toes are good for.
Show answerHide answer
Any one: wiggling, kicking, tickling, counting on, walking, running, balancing.

Summary

TopicRemember
Genreshorror, science fiction, adventure, poetry, autobiography, folklore.
Choosing a bookchoose the genre, read the blurb or synopsis on the back.
Homophonespeace / piece, knight / night, write / right.
Word meaningsuse the sentences around a word to guess its meaning.
Punctuationfull stop, comma, question mark, capital letter, exclamation mark, quotation marks.
Book reporttitle, author, genre, characters, synopsis, opinion, moral values.
Compound nounstwo nouns make one: football, classmate, airport.