Practice paper, not an official KPM paper
55
Ujian Akhir Sesi AkademikEnd of Academic Session Test
SainsScience
Tingkatan 2, 2 jam / 2 hours, 100 marks
Nama / Name
Kelas / Class
Tarikh / Date
Markah / Marks: / 100
Instructions
- Kertas soalan ini mengandungi tiga bahagian: Bahagian A, Bahagian B dan Bahagian C.This question paper consists of three sections: Section A, Section B and Section C.
- Jawab semua soalan.Answer all questions.
- Bahagian A: pilih satu jawapan bagi setiap soalan.Section A: choose one answer for each question.
- Bahagian B dan C: tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan. Tunjukkan jalan kerja jika perlu.Sections B and C: write your answers in the spaces provided. Show your working where it helps.
- Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan.The diagrams in this paper are not drawn to scale unless stated.
- Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik.You may use a scientific calculator.
Answer schemes are in English (DLP).
Practice shows answers as you go. Exam times you and hides answers until you submit.
Bahagian ASection A
20 marksJawab semua soalan. Setiap soalan diikuti oleh empat pilihan jawapan, A, B, C dan D. Pilih satu jawapan sahaja.Answer all questions. Each question is followed by four options, A, B, C and D. Choose one answer only.
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Question 1
Puan Salmah menyusun bahan dapur yang dibelinya dari pasar. Bahan yang manakah datang daripada tumbuhan monokotiledon?Puan Salmah sorts the ingredients she bought from the market. Which ingredient comes from a monocotyledon?
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C
Maize is a monocotyledon: one cotyledon in the seed, fibrous roots and leaves with parallel veins. Chilli, long bean and tomato are dicotyledons.
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Question 2
Telur penyu dikutip dari pantai dan ditetaskan di tempat penetasan yang dilindungi, kemudian anak penyu dilepaskan ke laut. Cara manakah untuk memelihara dan memulihara biodiversiti yang ditunjukkan oleh tindakan ini?Turtle eggs are collected from the beach and hatched in a protected hatchery, and then the baby turtles are released into the sea. Which way of maintaining and conserving biodiversity does this show?
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B
Hatching eggs in a hatchery and releasing the young is a reproductive programme (like seedling nurseries for reforestation). Laws and protected habitats are the other two ways.
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Question 3
Anai-anai, semut, cendawan dan lumut hidup bersama pada sebatang kayu reput di tepi jalan. Istilah yang manakah menerangkan semua organisma ini?Termites, ants, mushrooms and moss live together on a rotting log beside the road. Which term describes all these organisms together?
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B
A community is the populations of different organisms living together and interacting in one habitat. A population is one species only, and an ecosystem also includes the non-living components such as water, air and soil.
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Question 4
Seorang remaja perempuan kelihatan pucat dan mudah letih. Doktor mendapati dia menghidap anemia. Makanan yang manakah paling sesuai ditambah dalam hidangannya?A teenage girl looks pale and tires easily. The doctor finds that she has anaemia. Which food is the most suitable to add to her meals?
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D
Anaemia is caused by a lack of iron (needed to build haemoglobin) or vitamin B. Liver is a rich source of iron. Butter and coconut oil are fats and rice is a carbohydrate.
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Question 5
Sepinggan mi goreng mengandungi 60 g karbohidrat, 12 g protein dan 20 g lemak. Berapakah nilai kalori mi goreng itu? (Karbohidrat dan protein 4 kcal g⁻¹; lemak 9 kcal g⁻¹)A plate of fried noodles contains 60 g of carbohydrate, 12 g of protein and 20 g of fat. What is its calorific value? (Carbohydrate and protein 4 kcal g⁻¹; fat 9 kcal g⁻¹)
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C
Carbohydrate 60 × 4 = 240 kcal; protein 12 × 4 = 48 kcal; fat 20 × 9 = 180 kcal. Total = 240 + 48 + 180 = 468 kcal. 288 leaves out the fat, 368 uses 4 kcal g⁻¹ for fat and 828 uses 9 kcal g⁻¹ for everything.
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Question 6
Lalat hinggap pada makanan yang dibiarkan terbuka di sebuah gerai tepi jalan dan boleh menyebarkan penyakit tifoid. Tindakan yang manakah paling berkesan untuk menghalang penyebaran penyakit ini oleh lalat?Flies land on food left uncovered at a roadside stall and can spread typhoid. Which action is the most effective in stopping flies from spreading the disease?
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A
The fly is the vector: it carries the typhoid bacteria on its legs and body from dirt to food. Covering food and closing the bins keeps flies off the food and removes their breeding place. A mask is for airborne diseases and a mosquito net is against mosquitoes.
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Question 7
Kaedah yang manakah menghasilkan air tulen dengan menyingkirkan bahan terampai, bahan terlarut dan mikroorganisma?Which method produces pure water by removing suspended particles, dissolved substances and microorganisms?
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D
Only distillation gives pure water. Filtration removes suspended particles only; boiling and chlorination kill microorganisms but leave dissolved substances behind.
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Question 8
Pada 30 °C, paling banyak 36 g garam boleh larut dalam 100 mL air. Aini memasukkan 45 g garam ke dalam 100 mL air pada 30 °C dan mengacaunya dengan baik. Apakah yang akan diperhatikan?At 30 °C, a maximum of 36 g of salt can dissolve in 100 mL of water. Aini adds 45 g of salt to 100 mL of water at 30 °C and stirs well. What will be observed?
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B
Only 36 g can dissolve, so the solution is saturated and 45 − 36 = 9 g is left as excess at the bottom. Salt does dissolve in water, so this is not a suspension.
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Question 9
Puan Ros mendapati sos tomatonya terlalu masam. Dia menambah sedikit soda penaik ke dalam sos itu dan rasa masamnya berkurang. Mengapakah rasa masam itu berkurang?Puan Ros finds that her tomato sauce is too sour. She adds a little baking soda to the sauce and the sour taste becomes weaker. Why does the sour taste become weaker?
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A
Baking soda is an alkaline substance. It neutralises part of the acid, so the sauce becomes less acidic. It does not turn the sauce into a strong alkali.
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Question 10
Jadual 1 menunjukkan warna dua penunjuk dalam larutan berasid, neutral dan beralkali.
Larutan Y menjadikan metil jingga berwarna kuning dan fenolftalein tidak berwarna. Apakah sifat larutan Y?Table 1 shows the colours of two indicators in acidic, neutral and alkaline solutions. Solution Y turns methyl orange yellow and phenolphthalein stays colourless. What is the nature of solution Y?
| Penunjuk / Indicator | Asid / Acid | Neutral / Neutral | Alkali / Alkali |
|---|---|---|---|
| Metil jingga / Methyl orange | Merah / Red | Kuning / Yellow | Kuning / Yellow |
| Fenolftalein / Phenolphthalein | Tidak berwarna / Colourless | Tidak berwarna / Colourless | Merah jambu / Pink |
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B
Yellow methyl orange means neutral or alkaline. Colourless phenolphthalein means acidic or neutral. The only nature that fits both is neutral.
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Question 11
Antara pasangan alat dan perubahan tenaga berikut, yang manakah betul?Which pair of appliance and energy change is correct?
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C
A blender changes electrical energy into kinetic energy (and some sound). A toaster and a kettle change electrical energy into heat, and a solar calculator changes light energy into electrical energy.
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Question 12
Unsur pemanas sebuah cerek elektrik mempunyai rintangan 48 Ω. Arus yang mengalir melaluinya ialah 5 A. Berapakah voltan merentasi unsur pemanas itu?The heating element of an electric kettle has a resistance of 48 Ω. The current flowing through it is 5 A. What is the voltage across the heating element?
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D
V = I R = 5 × 48 = 240 V. 9.6 comes from 48 ÷ 5, which is the wrong rearrangement; 43 and 53 come from subtracting or adding the two numbers.
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Question 13
Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu litar elektrik yang mengandungi tiga perintang. Berapakah arus yang mengalir melalui perintang R₂?Diagram 1 shows an electric circuit with three resistors. What is the current flowing through resistor R₂?
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A
R₂ and R₃ in parallel: 1/R = 1/6 + 1/6 = 1/3, so R = 3 Ω. Total resistance = 3 + 3 = 6 Ω. Total current = 12 ÷ 6 = 2 A, which splits equally between the two equal resistors: 1.0 A each. 2.0 A is the total current, 1.3 A ignores the parallel branches (12 ÷ 9) and 4.0 A is 12 ÷ 3.
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Question 14
Seorang tukang masak mengasah pisaunya. Mengapakah pisau yang tajam lebih mudah memotong bawang berbanding pisau yang tumpul apabila daya yang sama dikenakan?A cook sharpens her knife. Why does a sharp knife cut an onion more easily than a blunt knife when the same force is applied?
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C
Pressure = force ÷ area. The same force on a smaller area (the thin edge) gives a higher pressure, so the blade cuts more easily.
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Question 15
Sebungkus kerepek kentang yang dimeterai dibeli di sebuah pekan tepi pantai dan dibawa mendaki ke puncak sebuah bukit tinggi. Bungkusan itu kelihatan kembung di puncak bukit. Apakah sebabnya?A sealed packet of potato crisps is bought in a town by the sea and carried up to the top of a tall hill. The packet looks puffed up at the top of the hill. What is the reason?
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A
Atmospheric pressure falls as altitude increases. The packet is sealed, so the pressure of the air inside stays about the same and pushes the thin packet outwards until it bulges. Particles do not change size, and the top of a hill is not hotter than the town.
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Question 16
Sebuah periuk berisi air dipanaskan di atas dapur gas. Bagaimanakah semua air dalam periuk itu menjadi panas?A pot of water is heated on a gas stove. How does all the water in the pot become hot?
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D
Heat is carried by a convection current: the heated water expands, becomes less dense and rises, and the cooler, denser water sinks to replace it, so the whole pot is heated.
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Question 17
Sebilah garpu penala bergetar 1 200 kali dalam 3 saat. Berapakah frekuensi bunyi yang dihasilkan oleh garpu penala itu?A tuning fork vibrates 1 200 times in 3 seconds. What is the frequency of the sound produced by the tuning fork?
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B
Frequency is the number of complete vibrations in one second: 1 200 ÷ 3 = 400 Hz. 1 200 is the number in 3 seconds, 3 600 comes from multiplying and 0.0025 from dividing 3 by 1 200.
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Question 18
Antara berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan susunan jasad angkasa daripada yang terkecil kepada yang terbesar?Which of the following shows the order of these bodies in space from the smallest to the largest?
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C
The Earth is part of the solar system, the solar system is part of the Milky Way galaxy, and the Milky Way is one of millions of galaxies in the universe.
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Question 19
Sebuah kapal angkasa tanpa pemandu berada pada jarak 6.0 × 10⁹ km dari Matahari. Berapakah jaraknya dalam unit astronomi? (1 A.U. = 1.5 × 10⁸ km)An unmanned space probe is 6.0 × 10⁹ km from the Sun. What is its distance in astronomical units? (1 A.U. = 1.5 × 10⁸ km)
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D
Distance in A.U. = distance in km ÷ (1.5 × 10⁸) = 6.0 × 10⁹ ÷ 1.5 × 10⁸ = 40 A.U. (6.0 ÷ 1.5 = 4.0 and 10⁹ ÷ 10⁸ = 10). 4.0 forgets the powers of ten, 0.025 divides the wrong way round and 9.0 × 10¹⁷ multiplies.
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Question 20
Pernyataan yang manakah membandingkan asteroid dan komet dengan betul?Which statement compares an asteroid and a comet correctly?
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A
Asteroids are stone and metal and most lie in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Comets are made of ice, gas and dust and most come from the Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud.
Bahagian BSection B
20 marksJawab semua soalan. Pilih jawapan yang betul bagi setiap bahagian soalan.Answer all questions. Choose the correct answer for each part of the question.
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Question 21
Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu rantai makanan dalam kebun cili di belakang sebuah rumah. Kutu daun menghisap getah pokok cili. Kumbang kura-kura memakan kutu daun. Pilih jawapan yang betul bagi setiap bahagian.Diagram 2 shows a food chain in a chilli garden behind a house. Aphids suck the sap of the chilli plant. Ladybird beetles eat the aphids. Choose the correct answer for each part.
[1 mark]
(a)Organisma P ialah __________.Organism P is the __________.
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aphid
P eats the chilli plant, so it is the aphid that sucks the sap.
[1 mark]
(b)Organisma Q ialah __________.Organism Q is the __________.
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ladybird beetle
Q eats the aphid (P) and is eaten by the sparrow: the ladybird beetle.
[1 mark]
(c)Kutu daun (P) ialah __________.The aphid (P) is a __________.
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primary consumer
The aphid feeds directly on the producer (chilli plant), so it is a primary consumer.
[1 mark]
(d)Jika semua kumbang kura-kura mati, bilangan kutu daun akan pada mulanya __________.If all the ladybird beetles die, the number of aphids will at first __________.
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increase
The predator of the aphids is gone, so fewer aphids are eaten and their number increases.
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Question 22
Semasa musim hujan, lebih ramai pesakit datang ke sebuah klinik di Taman Murni. Pilih jawapan yang betul bagi setiap pernyataan.During the rainy season, more patients visit a clinic in Taman Murni. Choose the correct answer for each statement.
[1 mark]
(a)Demam denggi ialah penyakit __________.Dengue fever is a(n) __________ disease.
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infectious
Dengue is caused by a virus, which is a pathogen, so it is infectious.
[1 mark]
(b)Diabetes ialah penyakit __________.Diabetes is a(n) __________ disease.
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non-infectious
Diabetes is caused by genetic factors or lifestyle and cannot be passed from one person to another.
[1 mark]
(c)Tuberkulosis ialah penyakit __________.Tuberculosis is a(n) __________ disease.
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infectious
Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria that are spread through the air by droplets.
[1 mark]
(d)Nyamuk Aedes yang membawa virus denggi ialah __________ bagi penyakit itu.The Aedes mosquito that carries the dengue virus is the __________ of the disease.
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vector
The virus is the pathogen. The mosquito only carries it from one host to another, so it is the vector.
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Question 23
Rajah 3 menunjukkan tiga jenis galaksi, P, Q dan R. Pilih jawapan yang betul bagi setiap bahagian.Diagram 3 shows three types of galaxy, P, Q and R. Choose the correct answer for each part.
[1 mark]
(a)Galaksi P ialah galaksi __________.Galaxy P is a(n) __________ galaxy.
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elliptical
P is a smooth oval with no arms: an elliptical galaxy.
[1 mark]
(b)Galaksi Q ialah galaksi __________.Galaxy Q is a(n) __________ galaxy.
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spiral
Q has a bright centre with curved arms: a spiral galaxy.
[1 mark]
(c)Galaksi R ialah galaksi __________.Galaxy R is a(n) __________ galaxy.
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irregular
R has no regular shape: an irregular galaxy (like the Magellanic Clouds).
[1 mark]
(d)Galaksi Bima Sakti mempunyai bentuk yang sama dengan galaksi __________.The Milky Way has the same shape as galaxy __________.
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Q
The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy, the same type as Q.
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Question 24
Jadual 2 menunjukkan ciri tiga jasad kecil di dalam sistem suria, P, Q dan R. Pilih jawapan yang betul bagi setiap bahagian.
Table 2 shows the characteristics of three small bodies in the solar system, P, Q and R. Choose the correct answer for each part.
| Jasad / Object | Saiz / Size | Terdiri daripada / Made of | Laluan / Path |
|---|---|---|---|
| P | 1 m – 1 000 km | Batu dan logam / Stone and metals | Orbit sendiri / Own orbit |
| Q | Kepala / Head: 250 000 km | Ais, gas dan debu / Ice, gas and dust | Orbit elips sendiri / Own elliptical orbit |
| R | 10 µm – 1 m | Batu dan logam / Stone and metals | Bergerak bebas / Moves freely |
[1 mark]
(a)Jasad yang manakah ialah asteroid?Which body is an asteroid?
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P
An asteroid is a large body of stone and metal (1 m to 1 000 km) that travels in its own orbit around the Sun.
[1 mark]
(b)Jasad yang manakah ialah komet?Which body is a comet?
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Q
A comet is made of ice, gas and dust and has a head and a tail.
[1 mark]
(c)Jasad yang manakah ialah meteoroid?Which body is a meteoroid?
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R
A meteoroid is a small piece of stone and metal (10 µm to 1 m) that moves freely in space and is pulled by gravity.
[1 mark]
(d)Apabila jasad R memasuki atmosfera Bumi dan terbakar akibat geseran dengan udara, ia dinamakan __________.When body R enters the Earth's atmosphere and burns because of friction with the air, it is called a __________.
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meteor
A meteoroid burning in the atmosphere with a streak of light is a meteor. A meteorite is the piece that lands on the Earth's surface.
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Question 25
Rajah 4 menunjukkan surih pada skrin osiloskop sinar katod (O.S.K.) bagi tiga bunyi, P, Q dan R, daripada sebuah alat muzik. Setiap skrin menunjukkan tempoh 0.01 s. Pilih jawapan yang betul bagi setiap bahagian.Diagram 4 shows the traces on a cathode ray oscilloscope (C.R.O.) screen for three sounds, P, Q and R, from a musical instrument. Each screen shows a period of 0.01 s. Choose the correct answer for each part.
[1 mark]
(a)Bunyi yang paling nyaring ialah bunyi __________.The loudest sound is sound __________.
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Q
Loudness depends on amplitude. Q has the tallest waves, so it is the loudest.
[1 mark]
(b)Bunyi yang mempunyai kelangsingan paling tinggi ialah bunyi __________.The sound with the highest pitch is sound __________.
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R
Pitch depends on frequency. R has the most waves in the same time (8), so it has the highest frequency and the highest pitch.
[1 mark]
(c)Bunyi P dan bunyi Q berbeza dari segi __________.Sound P and sound Q differ in __________.
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loudness only
P and Q both have 4 waves (the same frequency, so the same pitch), but Q has the larger amplitude, so it is louder.
[1 mark]
(d)Frekuensi bunyi R ialah __________.The frequency of sound R is __________.
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800 Hz
R has 8 complete waves in 0.01 s. Frequency = 8 ÷ 0.01 = 800 Hz.
Bahagian CSection C
60 marksJawab semua soalan. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan.Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
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Question 26
Aiman, 14 tahun, makan tengah hari di kantin sekolah. Jadual 3 menunjukkan jisim karbohidrat, protein dan lemak dalam makanannya. Gunakan nilai kalori ini: karbohidrat 4 kcal g⁻¹, protein 4 kcal g⁻¹, lemak 9 kcal g⁻¹; 1 kcal = 4.2 kJ.
Aiman, aged 14, has lunch at the school canteen. Table 3 shows the mass of carbohydrate, protein and fat in his food. Use these calorific values: carbohydrate 4 kcal g⁻¹, protein 4 kcal g⁻¹, fat 9 kcal g⁻¹; 1 kcal = 4.2 kJ.
| Makanan / Food | Karbohidrat (g) / Carbohydrate (g) | Protein (g) / Protein (g) | Lemak (g) / Fat (g) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nasi goreng / Fried rice | 60 | 8 | 15 |
| Ayam goreng / Fried chicken | 0 | 18 | 12 |
| Jus oren / Orange juice | 25 | 0 | 0 |
[1 mark]
(a)Hitung tenaga yang dibekalkan oleh lemak dalam ayam goreng itu, dalam kcal.Calculate the energy supplied by the fat in the fried chicken, in kcal.
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[2 marks]
(b)Hitung jumlah nilai kalori makan tengah hari Aiman, dalam kcal.Calculate the total calorific value of Aiman's lunch, in kcal.
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[1 mark]
(c)Tukarkan jawapan anda di (b) kepada kJ.Convert your answer in (b) to kJ.
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[2 marks]
(d)Jisim Aiman ialah 52 kg dan tingginya 1.60 m. Hitung Indeks Jisim Badan (BMI) Aiman.Aiman's mass is 52 kg and his height is 1.60 m. Calculate Aiman's Body Mass Index (BMI).
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[2 marks]
(e)Makan tengah hari Aiman tidak mengandungi sayur dan tiada buah yang utuh. Namakan satu kelas makanan yang kurang dalam hidangannya dan nyatakan fungsinya.Aiman's lunch has no vegetables and no whole fruit. Name one food class that is lacking in his meal and state its function.
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Question 27
Jadual 4 menunjukkan data bagi tiga planet dalam sistem suria. (1 A.U. = 1.5 × 10⁸ km)
Table 4 shows data for three planets in the solar system. (1 A.U. = 1.5 × 10⁸ km)
| Planet / Planet | Jarak dari Matahari (A.U.) / Distance from the Sun (A.U.) | Masa mengorbit Matahari (hari) / Time to orbit the Sun (days) | Suhu permukaan purata (°C) / Average surface temperature (°C) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Venus / Venus | 0.72 | 224.7 | 457 |
| Bumi / Earth | 1.00 | 365 | 14 |
| Marikh / Mars | 1.52 | 687 | −55 |
[1 mark]
(a)Tukarkan jarak Venus dari Matahari kepada km.Convert the distance of Venus from the Sun to km.
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[1 mark]
(b)Nyatakan hubungan antara jarak sesebuah planet dari Matahari dengan masa yang diambil untuk mengorbit Matahari.State the relationship between the distance of a planet from the Sun and the time it takes to orbit the Sun.
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[2 marks]
(c)Venus lebih dekat dengan Matahari daripada Bumi. Terangkan mengapa suhu permukaan Venus jauh lebih tinggi daripada suhu permukaan Bumi.Venus is closer to the Sun than the Earth. Explain why the surface temperature of Venus is much higher than that of the Earth.
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[1 mark]
(d)Atmosfera Marikh sangat nipis. Apakah kesan keadaan ini terhadap suhu permukaan Marikh?The atmosphere of Mars is very thin. What is the effect of this on the surface temperature of Mars?
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[1 mark]
(e)Venus berputar dari timur ke barat. Di arah manakah Matahari kelihatan terbit di Venus?Venus rotates from east to west. In which direction does the Sun appear to rise on Venus?
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[2 marks]
(f)Nyatakan dua ciri Bumi yang membolehkan hidupan wujud tetapi tidak terdapat di Venus.State two features of the Earth that allow life to exist but are not found on Venus.
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Question 28
Pak Rahim ingin membeli sebuah periuk sup yang cepat panas. Anaknya, Zul, menjalankan eksperimen menggunakan empat periuk yang sama saiz dan sama tebal tetapi diperbuat daripada bahan yang berbeza. Setiap periuk diisi dengan 200 mL air pada 30 °C dan dipanaskan di atas dapur yang sama dengan nyalaan yang sama. Masa yang diambil supaya suhu air naik kepada 80 °C direkodkan. Rajah 5 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen itu.Pak Rahim wants to buy a soup pot that heats up quickly. His son, Zul, carries out an experiment using four pots of the same size and the same thickness, made of different materials. Each pot is filled with 200 mL of water at 30 °C and heated on the same stove with the same flame. The time taken for the temperature of the water to rise to 80 °C is recorded. Diagram 5 shows the results of the experiment.
[1 mark]
(a)Nyatakan pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan.State the manipulated variable.
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[1 mark]
(b)Nyatakan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.State the responding variable.
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[1 mark]
(c)Nyatakan satu pemboleh ubah dimalarkan.State one constant variable.
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[1 mark]
(d)Nyatakan kesimpulan eksperimen ini.State the conclusion of this experiment.
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[2 marks]
(e)Terangkan bagaimana haba daripada nyalaan dipindahkan melalui dasar periuk logam kepada air di dalamnya, dengan merujuk kepada zarah.Explain how heat from the flame is transferred through the base of a metal pot to the water inside it, with reference to particles.
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[2 marks]
(f)Air dalam periuk dipanaskan dari bawah. Terangkan bagaimana semua air itu menjadi panas.The water in the pot is heated from below. Explain how all the water becomes hot.
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[2 marks]
(g)Minyak masak dalam botol kaca dijual dengan sedikit ruang kosong di bahagian atas botol. Terangkan mengapa botol itu tidak diisi penuh.Cooking oil in glass bottles is sold with a small empty space at the top of the bottle. Explain why the bottles are not filled to the top.
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Question 29
Baca petikan berita di bawah dan lihat Rajah 6.
Air jernih daripada sungai yang keruh
Hujan lebat minggu ini menjadikan Sungai Lebah sangat keruh, namun air paip di pekan itu masih jernih. Loji rawatan air bekerja dalam enam peringkat. Pada peringkat 1, penapis logam menghalang ranting dan daun daripada masuk. Pada peringkat 2, udara ditiup ke dalam air untuk menyingkirkan bau dan rasa yang tidak menyenangkan. Pada peringkat 3, serbuk putih yang dipanggil tawas dan kapur mati ditambah, dan zarah lumpur yang halus melekat membentuk ketulan besar. Pada peringkat 4, ketulan itu mendak ke dasar sebuah tangki besar. Pada peringkat 5, air mengalir melalui lapisan pasir yang tebal. Pada peringkat 6, klorin dan sebatian fluorida ditambah sebelum air dipam ke rumah-rumah.
Read the news report below and look at Diagram 6.Hujan lebat minggu ini menjadikan Sungai Lebah sangat keruh, namun air paip di pekan itu masih jernih. Loji rawatan air bekerja dalam enam peringkat. Pada peringkat 1, penapis logam menghalang ranting dan daun daripada masuk. Pada peringkat 2, udara ditiup ke dalam air untuk menyingkirkan bau dan rasa yang tidak menyenangkan. Pada peringkat 3, serbuk putih yang dipanggil tawas dan kapur mati ditambah, dan zarah lumpur yang halus melekat membentuk ketulan besar. Pada peringkat 4, ketulan itu mendak ke dasar sebuah tangki besar. Pada peringkat 5, air mengalir melalui lapisan pasir yang tebal. Pada peringkat 6, klorin dan sebatian fluorida ditambah sebelum air dipam ke rumah-rumah.
Clear water from a muddy river
Heavy rain this week has made the Sungai Lebah very muddy, yet the tap water in the town is still clear. The water treatment plant works in six stages. At stage 1, a metal screen stops branches and leaves from flowing in. At stage 2, air is blown into the water to remove its unpleasant smell and taste. At stage 3, a white powder called alum and slaked lime are added, and the fine mud particles stick together to form large lumps. At stage 4, the lumps sink to the bottom of a large tank. At stage 5, the water flows through thick beds of sand. At stage 6, chlorine and a fluoride compound are added before the water is pumped to homes.
Heavy rain this week has made the Sungai Lebah very muddy, yet the tap water in the town is still clear. The water treatment plant works in six stages. At stage 1, a metal screen stops branches and leaves from flowing in. At stage 2, air is blown into the water to remove its unpleasant smell and taste. At stage 3, a white powder called alum and slaked lime are added, and the fine mud particles stick together to form large lumps. At stage 4, the lumps sink to the bottom of a large tank. At stage 5, the water flows through thick beds of sand. At stage 6, chlorine and a fluoride compound are added before the water is pumped to homes.
[1 mark]
(a)Namakan proses pada peringkat 2.Name the process at stage 2.
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[2 marks]
(b)Namakan proses pada peringkat 3 dan nyatakan fungsi tawas.Name the process at stage 3 and state the function of alum.
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[1 mark]
(c)Mengapakah air perlu mengalir melalui lapisan pasir pada peringkat 5 selepas peringkat 4?Why must the water flow through the sand beds at stage 5 after stage 4?
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[2 marks]
(d)Nyatakan fungsi klorin dan sebatian fluorida pada peringkat 6.State the function of chlorine and of the fluoride compound at stage 6.
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[2 marks]
(e)Selepas hujan lebat, loji itu perlu menambah lebih banyak tawas. Terangkan mengapa.After heavy rain, the plant must add more alum. Explain why.
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[2 marks]
(f)Adakah air paip itu air tulen? Terangkan jawapan anda.Is the tap water pure water? Explain your answer.
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30
Question 30
Hujan asid terbentuk apabila gas daripada ekzos kenderaan di jalan raya larut dalam air hujan. Mei Ling mengumpul 100 mL air hujan yang berasid di tepi sebatang jalan raya yang sibuk. Dia menambahkan larutan natrium hidroksida 0.1 M, 5 mL pada satu masa, dan mengukur nilai pH air hujan itu selepas setiap penambahan dengan meter pH. Jadual 5 menunjukkan keputusannya.
Acid rain forms when gases from vehicle exhausts on the road dissolve in rain water. Mei Ling collects 100 mL of acidic rain water beside a busy road. She adds 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution, 5 mL at a time, and measures the pH value of the rain water after each addition with a pH meter. Table 5 shows her results.
| Isi padu NaOH yang ditambah (mL) / Volume of NaOH added (mL) | Nilai pH / pH value |
|---|---|
| 0 | 2 |
| 5 | 3 |
| 10 | 5 |
| 15 | 7 |
| 20 | 11 |
| 25 | 12 |
[1 mark]
(a)Nyatakan pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan.State the manipulated variable.
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[1 mark]
(b)Nyatakan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.State the responding variable.
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[1 mark]
(c)Nyatakan satu pemboleh ubah dimalarkan.State one constant variable.
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[1 mark]
(d)Berapakah isi padu larutan natrium hidroksida yang diperlukan untuk meneutralkan air hujan itu? Beri sebab.What volume of sodium hydroxide solution is needed to neutralise the rain water? Give a reason.
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[1 mark]
(e)Nyatakan hubungan antara isi padu larutan natrium hidroksida yang ditambah dengan nilai pH.State the relationship between the volume of sodium hydroxide solution added and the pH value.
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[2 marks]
(f)Air hujan itu mengandungi asid nitrik. Tulis persamaan perkataan bagi tindak balas antara asid nitrik dengan larutan kalsium hidroksida (kapur mati).The rain water contains nitric acid. Write the word equation for the reaction between nitric acid and calcium hydroxide solution (slaked lime).
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[1 mark]
(g)Mengapakah nilai pH menjadi lebih tinggi daripada 7 apabila 20 mL larutan natrium hidroksida ditambah?Why does the pH value become higher than 7 when 20 mL of sodium hydroxide solution is added?
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[2 marks]
(h)Seorang penternak ikan ingin mengurangkan keasidan air kolamnya (pH 4) dengan cepat. Dia merancang menambah banyak larutan natrium hidroksida pekat. Adakah ini keputusan yang bijak? Justifikasikan jawapan anda.A fish farmer wants to reduce the acidity of his pond water (pH 4) quickly. He plans to add a large amount of concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. Is this a wise decision? Justify your answer.
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[2 marks]
(i)Cadangkan dua tindakan yang boleh diambil oleh penduduk bandar itu untuk mengurangkan hujan asid.Suggest two actions that the people of the town can take to reduce acid rain.
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31
Question 31
Seorang pekerja menggunakan sebuah kereta sorong untuk mengangkut pasir di tapak pembinaan jalan raya. Rajah 7 menunjukkan kereta sorong itu membawa beban 450 N. Beban itu berada 0.6 m dari paksi roda dan pekerja mengenakan daya usaha pada pemegang, 1.5 m dari paksi roda.A worker uses a wheelbarrow to carry sand at a road construction site. Diagram 7 shows the wheelbarrow carrying a load of 450 N. The load is 0.6 m from the axle of the wheel and the worker applies an effort at the handles, 1.5 m from the axle.
[2 marks]
(a)Kereta sorong ialah sejenis tuas. Nyatakan kelas tuas ini dan beri sebab.A wheelbarrow is a type of lever. State the class of this lever and give a reason.
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[1 mark]
(b)Hitung momen daya bagi beban itu pada paksi roda.Calculate the moment of force of the load about the axle of the wheel.
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[2 marks]
(c)Hitung daya usaha yang diperlukan untuk mengimbangkan beban itu.Calculate the effort needed to balance the load.
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[2 marks]
(d)Pekerja itu menggerakkan pasir supaya beban berada lebih dekat dengan roda. Apakah kesan terhadap daya usaha yang diperlukan? Terangkan.The worker moves the sand so that the load is closer to the wheel. What is the effect on the effort needed? Explain.
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[2 marks]
(e)Roda kereta sorong itu, yang menanggung sebahagian berat beban dan kereta sorong itu sendiri, menekan tanah dengan daya 420 N. Luas sentuhan roda dengan tanah ialah 0.0030 m². Hitung tekanan yang dikenakan oleh roda pada tanah.The wheel of the wheelbarrow, which carries part of the weight of the load and of the wheelbarrow itself, presses on the ground with a force of 420 N. The area of contact between the wheel and the ground is 0.0030 m². Calculate the pressure exerted by the wheel on the ground.
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[3 marks]
(f)Roda itu mudah terbenam dalam tanah yang lembut dan pekerja cepat penat. Cadangkan dua pengubahsuaian pada reka bentuk kereta sorong itu dan terangkan bagaimana setiap satu menyelesaikan masalah itu.The wheel sinks easily into soft ground and the worker tires quickly. Suggest two modifications to the design of the wheelbarrow and explain how each one solves the problem.
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Test specification (JSU)
| Chapter | Remembering | Understanding | Applying | Analysing | Evaluating | Creating | Items | marks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Biodiversity | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | – | – | – | – | 2 | 2 |
| 2. Ecosystem | – | 2 (5) | – | – | – | – | 2 | 5 |
| 3. Nutrition | – | 1 (1) | 2 (9) | – | – | – | 3 | 10 |
| 4. Human health | 1 (4) | – | 1 (1) | – | – | – | 2 | 5 |
| 5. Water and solution | 1 (1) | 1 (10) | 1 (1) | – | – | – | 3 | 12 |
| 6. Acids and alkalis | – | 1 (1) | – | 1 (1) | 1 (12) | – | 3 | 14 |
| 7. Electricity and magnetism | – | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | – | – | 3 | 3 |
| 8. Force and motion | – | 1 (1) | – | 1 (1) | – | 1 (12) | 3 | 14 |
| 9. Heat | – | 1 (1) | – | 1 (10) | – | – | 2 | 11 |
| 10. Sound waves | – | – | 1 (1) | 1 (4) | – | – | 2 | 5 |
| 11. Stars and galaxies in the universe | 2 (5) | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 5 |
| 12. Solar system | – | 1 (8) | 1 (1) | – | – | – | 2 | 9 |
| 13. Meteoroid, asteroid, comet | – | 1 (4) | – | 1 (1) | – | – | 2 | 5 |
| Total | 5 (11) | 11 (33) | 7 (14) | 6 (18) | 1 (12) | 1 (12) | 31 | 100 |
Each cell shows items (marks).