Practice paper, not an official KPM paper
55
Ujian Akhir Sesi AkademikEnd of Academic Session Test
SainsScience
Tingkatan 2, 2 jam / 2 hours, 100 marks
Nama / Name
Kelas / Class
Tarikh / Date
Markah / Marks: / 100
Instructions
- Kertas soalan ini mengandungi tiga bahagian: Bahagian A, Bahagian B dan Bahagian C.This question paper consists of three sections: Section A, Section B and Section C.
- Jawab semua soalan.Answer all questions.
- Bahagian A: pilih satu jawapan bagi setiap soalan.Section A: choose one answer for each question.
- Bahagian B dan C: tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan. Tunjukkan jalan kerja jika perlu.Sections B and C: write your answers in the spaces provided. Show your working where it helps.
- Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan.The diagrams in this paper are not drawn to scale unless stated.
- Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik.You may use a scientific calculator.
Answer schemes are in English (DLP).
Practice shows answers as you go. Exam times you and hides answers until you submit.
Bahagian ASection A
20 marksJawab semua soalan. Setiap soalan diikuti oleh empat pilihan jawapan, A, B, C dan D. Pilih satu jawapan sahaja.Answer all questions. Each question is followed by four options, A, B, C and D. Choose one answer only.
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Question 1
Rafflesia dan kantung semar (Nepenthes rajah) ialah spesies endemik di Malaysia. Apakah maksud spesies endemik?The rafflesia and the pitcher plant (Nepenthes rajah) are endemic species of Malaysia. What is meant by an endemic species?
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B
An endemic species is found naturally only in one restricted place. Endemic does not mean endangered (A): an endemic species is at risk because it has nowhere else to live, but the two words mean different things.
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Question 2
Seekor lipas dan seekor labah-labah ditemui di dapur sebuah rumah. Antara berikut, yang manakah ciri yang sama bagi kedua-dua haiwan ini?A cockroach and a spider are found in the kitchen of a house. Which of the following is a characteristic that both animals share?
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C
Both are invertebrates with a segmented body and an exoskeleton. The cockroach (an insect) has three pairs of legs and the spider has four pairs, so A is wrong. A spider has no wings, and neither is a vertebrate.
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Question 3
Seekor udang pembersih memakan sisa kulit dan parasit pada badan seekor ikan. Udang itu mendapat makanan dan ikan itu menjadi bersih dan sihat. Apakah jenis interaksi ini?A cleaner shrimp eats dead skin and parasites from the body of a fish. The shrimp gets food and the fish becomes clean and healthy. What type of interaction is this?
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A
Both organisms benefit, so this is mutualism. In commensalism only one benefits, in parasitism one is harmed, and in prey-predator the prey is killed and eaten.
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Question 4
Enzim yang manakah mencernakan lemak kepada asid lemak dan gliserol, dan di manakah enzim itu dihasilkan?Which enzyme digests fat into fatty acids and glycerol, and where is it made?
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D
Lipase is made by the pancreas and digests fat into fatty acids and glycerol in the duodenum. Amylase digests starch, protease digests protein and maltase digests maltose.
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Question 5
Sebuah hidangan makan tengah hari mengandungi 80 g karbohidrat, 20 g protein dan 10 g lemak. Berapakah jumlah tenaga hidangan itu? (Karbohidrat dan protein: 17 kJ g⁻¹; lemak: 37 kJ g⁻¹)A lunch contains 80 g of carbohydrate, 20 g of protein and 10 g of fat. What is the total energy of the meal? (Carbohydrate and protein: 17 kJ g⁻¹; fat: 37 kJ g⁻¹)
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C
Carbohydrate and protein: (80 + 20) × 17 = 1 700 kJ. Fat: 10 × 37 = 370 kJ. Total = 1 700 + 370 = 2 070 kJ. 490 uses the kcal values by mistake, and 1 870 treats fat as 17 kJ g⁻¹.
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Question 6
Selepas hujan lebat, air bertakung di dalam beberapa tayar lama di belakang sebuah bengkel. Penyakit manakah yang paling mungkin merebak, dan mengapa?After heavy rain, water collects in some old tyres behind a workshop. Which disease is the most likely to spread, and why?
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A
Aedes mosquitoes, the vector of dengue, lay eggs in stagnant water. Tuberculosis spreads through the air, ringworm through contact, and diabetes is a non-infectious disease with no germs at all.
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Question 7
Dalam loji rawatan air, tawas dimasukkan ke dalam air sungai yang keruh supaya zarah lumpur melekat bersama dan mendap. Apakah nama peringkat ini?In a water treatment plant, alum is added to cloudy river water so that mud particles stick together and sink. What is this stage called?
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D
Alum makes the tiny mud particles clump together (coagulation) so they settle in the sedimentation tank. Oxidation removes smell and taste, filtration removes suspended particles and chlorination kills microorganisms.
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Question 8
Dalam satu eksperimen elektrolisis air, 24 mL gas oksigen dikumpulkan di anod. Berapakah isi padu gas hidrogen yang dikumpulkan di katod pada masa yang sama?In an experiment on the electrolysis of water, 24 mL of oxygen gas is collected at the anode. What volume of hydrogen gas is collected at the cathode at the same time?
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B
Water gives hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 2 : 1 by volume. Hydrogen = 2 × 24 = 48 mL. 12 mL comes from halving instead of doubling, and 72 mL is the total volume of both gases.
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Question 9
Pita magnesium dibersihkan dengan kertas pasir sebelum dimasukkan ke dalam asid hidroklorik cair. Mengapakah pita magnesium itu perlu dibersihkan?A magnesium ribbon is cleaned with sandpaper before it is put into dilute hydrochloric acid. Why must the magnesium ribbon be cleaned?
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C
Magnesium is covered by a thin oxide layer. Sandpaper removes it so that the acid reaches the metal itself and hydrogen gas is produced.
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Question 10
Antara persamaan perkataan berikut, yang manakah betul bagi tindak balas peneutralan asid hidroklorik dengan larutan kalium hidroksida?Which of the following word equations is correct for the neutralisation of hydrochloric acid with potassium hydroxide solution?
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A
Acid + alkali → salt + water. The metal part of the salt comes from the alkali (potassium) and the other part from the acid (hydrochloric → chloride). Hydrogen is made when an acid reacts with a metal, not with an alkali.
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Question 11
Sebuah kipas meja dihidupkan. Apakah perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam kipas itu?A table fan is switched on. What energy change takes place in the fan?
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B
The fan uses electrical energy to turn its blades, so the energy changes to kinetic energy (and a little heat and sound).
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Question 12
Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu litar siri yang terdiri daripada sel 6 V, perintang 4 Ω dan perintang 8 Ω. Sebuah voltmeter disambung merentasi perintang 8 Ω. Berapakah bacaan voltmeter itu?Diagram 1 shows a series circuit made up of a 6 V cell, a 4 Ω resistor and an 8 Ω resistor. A voltmeter is connected across the 8 Ω resistor. What is the reading of the voltmeter?
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C
Total resistance = 4 + 8 = 12 Ω. Current = 6 ÷ 12 = 0.5 A. Voltage across the 8 Ω resistor = 0.5 × 8 = 4 V. 2 V is the voltage across the 4 Ω resistor and 6 V is the voltage of the cell.
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Question 13
Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu litar dengan sel 12 V, sebuah ammeter dan perintang 4 Ω yang disambung secara siri dengan dua perintang, 6 Ω dan 3 Ω, yang disambung secara selari. Berapakah bacaan ammeter itu?Diagram 2 shows a circuit with a 12 V cell, an ammeter and a 4 Ω resistor connected in series with two resistors, 6 Ω and 3 Ω, that are connected in parallel. What is the reading of the ammeter?
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D
Parallel part: 1/R = 1/6 + 1/3 = 3/6, so R = 2 Ω. Total resistance = 4 + 2 = 6 Ω. Current = 12 ÷ 6 = 2.0 A. 0.9 A adds all three resistors as if they were in series, 2.7 A forgets to turn 1/R upside down, and 3.0 A uses the 4 Ω resistor only.
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Question 14
Sebatang linggis digunakan untuk mengangkat sebuah kotak berat di bengkel. Kotak itu menekan ke bawah dengan daya 360 N pada jarak 0.4 m dari fulkrum. Pekerja itu menolak linggis pada jarak 1.2 m dari fulkrum. Berapakah daya yang diperlukan untuk mengangkat kotak itu?A crowbar is used to lift a heavy box in a workshop. The box presses down with a force of 360 N at 0.4 m from the fulcrum. The worker pushes on the crowbar 1.2 m from the fulcrum. What force is needed to lift the box?
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A
Principle of moments: load × distance of load = effort × distance of effort. 360 × 0.4 = F × 1.2, so F = 144 ÷ 1.2 = 120 N. 144 N is the moment, not the force.
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Question 15
Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebuah peti berat 480 N diletakkan di atas lantai dalam dua kedudukan, P dan Q. Apakah perubahan tekanan yang dikenakan oleh peti itu ke atas lantai apabila kedudukannya diubah daripada P kepada Q?Diagram 3 shows a crate weighing 480 N placed on the floor in two positions, P and Q. What is the change in the pressure the crate exerts on the floor when its position is changed from P to Q?
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B
Position P: area = 0.8 × 0.5 = 0.40 m², pressure = 480 ÷ 0.40 = 1 200 Pa. Position Q: area = 0.5 × 0.3 = 0.15 m², pressure = 480 ÷ 0.15 = 3 200 Pa. Change = 3 200 − 1 200 = an increase of 2 000 Pa. 3 200 Pa is the new pressure, not the change.
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Question 16
Rajah 4 menunjukkan perubahan suhu secawan kopi panas yang diletakkan di dalam sebuah bilik bersuhu 28 °C. Pada suhu berapakah dan selepas berapa minit kopi itu mula mencapai keseimbangan terma dengan bilik itu?Diagram 4 shows how the temperature of a cup of hot coffee changes when it is left in a room at 28 °C. At what temperature and after how many minutes does the coffee first reach thermal equilibrium with the room?
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D
At thermal equilibrium the coffee has the same temperature as the room and there is no net heat transfer, so the graph becomes flat. The line first reaches the flat part at 28 °C after 50 minutes. At 30 minutes and 40 minutes the temperature is still falling.
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Question 17
Sebatang dawai gitar dipetik dengan lebih kuat. Apakah perubahan yang berlaku pada bunyi yang dihasilkan?A guitar string is plucked harder. What change happens to the sound produced?
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B
Plucking harder makes the string vibrate with a larger amplitude, so the sound is louder. The frequency of the vibration stays the same, so the pitch does not change.
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Question 18
Bintang yang manakah akan menjadi bintang neutron pada akhir hayatnya?Which star will become a neutron star at the end of its life?
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A
A large star becomes a red giant, a supergiant and then explodes as a supernova, leaving a neutron star. A medium-sized star such as the Sun ends as a white dwarf and a super-large star ends as a black hole.
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Question 19
Musytari terletak 5 A.U. dari Matahari. (1 A.U. = 1.5 × 10⁸ km; kelajuan cahaya = 3 × 10⁵ km s⁻¹). Berapakah masa yang diambil oleh cahaya Matahari untuk sampai ke Musytari?Jupiter is 5 A.U. from the Sun. (1 A.U. = 1.5 × 10⁸ km; speed of light = 3 × 10⁵ km s⁻¹). How long does sunlight take to reach Jupiter?
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B
Distance = 5 × 1.5 × 10⁸ = 7.5 × 10⁸ km. Time = distance ÷ speed = 7.5 × 10⁸ ÷ 3 × 10⁵ = 2.5 × 10³ s (about 42 minutes). 5.0 × 10² s is the time for one A.U. only, and 7.5 × 10⁸ is the distance in km.
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Question 20
Dari manakah kebanyakan meteoroid berasal?Where do most meteoroids come from?
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C
Meteoroids are mostly fragments of asteroids and comets that float in space. They are not thrown out by the Sun or by volcanoes on the Earth.
Bahagian BSection B
20 marksJawab semua soalan. Pilih jawapan yang betul bagi setiap bahagian soalan.Answer all questions. Choose the correct answer for each part of the question.
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Question 21
Rajah 5 menunjukkan kunci dikotomi yang digunakan untuk mengenal pasti empat jenis haiwan di sebuah rumah, iaitu lipas, cicak, merpati dan kucing. Pilih haiwan yang diwakili oleh P, Q, R dan S.Diagram 5 shows a dichotomous key used to identify four animals found in a house: a cockroach, a house gecko, a pigeon and a cat. Choose the animal represented by P, Q, R and S.
[1 mark]
(a)Haiwan PAnimal P
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Cockroach
P has no backbone, so it is the invertebrate: the cockroach.
[1 mark]
(b)Haiwan QAnimal Q
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House gecko
Q has a backbone and its body temperature changes with the surroundings (poikilothermic): the house gecko, a reptile.
[1 mark]
(c)Haiwan RAnimal R
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Pigeon
R has a backbone, keeps a constant body temperature and has feathers: the pigeon, a bird.
[1 mark]
(d)Haiwan SAnimal S
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Cat
S has a backbone, a constant body temperature and no feathers: the cat, a mammal (it has fur).
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Question 22
Badan manusia mempunyai tiga barisan pertahanan terhadap patogen. Pilih barisan pertahanan yang betul bagi pernyataan a hingga c, dan pilih Benar atau Palsu bagi pernyataan d.The human body has three lines of defence against pathogens. Choose the correct line of defence for statements a to c, and choose True or False for statement d.
[1 mark]
(a)Peluh dan sebum pada kulit mengandungi bahan kimia yang membunuh mikroorganisma. Ini ialah barisan pertahanan __________.Sweat and sebum on the skin contain chemicals that kill microorganisms. This is the __________ line of defence.
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first
The skin, with its sweat and sebum, is part of the first line of defence, which stops pathogens entering the body.
[1 mark]
(b)Sel darah putih menelan dan mencernakan patogen melalui fagositosis. Ini ialah barisan pertahanan __________.White blood cells engulf and digest pathogens by phagocytosis. This is the __________ line of defence.
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second
Phagocytosis by white blood cells is the second line of defence. It acts on any pathogen that has passed the first line.
[1 mark]
(c)Antibodi yang dihasilkan melawan satu jenis antigen tertentu ialah barisan pertahanan __________.Antibodies made against one particular antigen are the __________ line of defence.
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third
Antibodies are specific: each fits one antigen. This is the third line of defence.
[1 mark]
(d)Suntikan vaksin memberikan keimunan pasif kepada seorang bayi.An injection of a vaccine gives a baby passive immunity.
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False
A vaccine contains weakened or dead pathogens (antigens), so the body makes its own antibodies. This is active immunity, not passive.
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Question 23
Tiga tin yang sama saiz, masing-masing berisi 100 mL air pada suhu 30 °C, diletakkan pada jarak yang sama dari sebuah lampu selama 15 minit. Jadual menunjukkan suhu akhir air di dalam setiap tin. Pilih jawapan yang betul.
Three tins of the same size, each containing 100 mL of water at 30 °C, are placed the same distance from a lamp for 15 minutes. The table shows the final temperature of the water in each tin. Choose the correct answer.
| Tin / Tin | Permukaan tin / Surface of the tin | Suhu akhir air / Final temperature of water (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| P | Hitam, kusam / Black, dull | 61 |
| Q | Perak, berkilat / Silver, shiny | 37 |
| R | Putih, kusam / White, dull | 44 |
[1 mark]
(a)Penyerap haba yang paling baik ialah tin __________.The best absorber of heat is tin __________.
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P
Tin P has the highest final temperature, so its dark and dull surface absorbed the most heat.
[1 mark]
(b)Kenaikan suhu air di dalam tin R ialah __________.The rise in temperature of the water in tin R is __________.
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14 °C
Rise = final temperature − initial temperature = 44 − 30 = 14 °C.
[1 mark]
(c)Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dalam eksperimen ini ialah __________.The manipulated variable in this experiment is the __________.
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type of surface of the tin
The surface of the tin is the only thing that was changed. The distance, the volume of water and the time were kept the same.
[1 mark]
(d)Untuk mengurangkan haba yang diserap, bumbung sebuah rumah di kawasan panas patut dicat dengan warna __________.To reduce the heat absorbed, the roof of a house in a hot area should be painted __________.
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white
White and shiny surfaces are poor absorbers of heat, so less heat from the Sun enters the house.
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Question 24
Pada waktu malam, Dina melihat jalur cahaya Bima Sakti di langit yang gelap dan membaca tentang galaksi. Tandakan Benar atau Palsu bagi setiap pernyataan tentang galaksi.At night, Dina sees the glowing band of the Milky Way in the dark sky and reads about galaxies. Mark each statement about galaxies True or False.
[1 mark]
(a)Bima Sakti ialah sebuah galaksi berpilin.The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy.
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True
The Milky Way is a medium-large spiral galaxy (textbook Photograph 11.2).
[1 mark]
(b)Awan Magellan Besar ialah galaksi elips.The Large Magellanic Cloud is an elliptical galaxy.
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False
The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds are irregular galaxies.
[1 mark]
(c)Sistem suria terletak di pusat galaksi Bima Sakti.The solar system is at the centre of the Milky Way galaxy.
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False
The solar system is at the edge of one of the spiral arms of the Milky Way, not at its centre.
[1 mark]
(d)Sebuah galaksi terdiri daripada jutaan bintang bersama gas dan debu.A galaxy is made up of millions of stars together with gas and dust.
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True
A galaxy is a huge set of bodies made up of millions of stars, with gas and dust particles.
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Question 25
Pada suatu malam yang cerah, Amir dan kakaknya melihat beberapa jalur cahaya pantas merentasi langit dari halaman rumah mereka. Tandakan Benar atau Palsu bagi setiap pernyataan.On a clear night, Amir and his sister see several quick streaks of light cross the sky from the yard of their house. Mark each statement True or False.
[1 mark]
(a)Jalur cahaya itu terhasil apabila meteor terbakar akibat geseran dengan udara di atmosfera Bumi.The streaks of light are made when meteors burn because of friction with the air in the Earth's atmosphere.
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True
Friction between a meteor and the air produces heat until it burns, giving a streak of light (textbook Figure 13.2).
[1 mark]
(b)Ekor komet sentiasa menghala ke arah Matahari.The tail of a comet always points towards the Sun.
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False
The solar wind blows the melted gas and dust away, so the tail always points away from the Sun.
[1 mark]
(c)Sebuah meteoroid yang bergerak pada kelajuan 40 km s⁻¹ menempuh 2 400 km dalam satu minit.A meteoroid travelling at 40 km s⁻¹ covers 2 400 km in one minute.
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True
Distance = speed × time = 40 × 60 = 2 400 km.
[1 mark]
(d)Kebanyakan asteroid terdapat di antara orbit Bumi dan orbit Marikh.Most asteroids are found between the orbit of the Earth and the orbit of Mars.
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False
The asteroid belt lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
Bahagian CSection C
60 marksJawab semua soalan. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan.Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
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Question 26
Cikgu Maria mempunyai sebuah kolam kecil di belakang rumahnya. Rajah 6 menunjukkan siratan makanan dalam kolam itu. Anak panah menunjukkan arah pemindahan tenaga.Cikgu Maria has a small pond behind her house. Diagram 6 shows the food web in the pond. The arrows show the direction of energy transfer.
[1 mark]
(a)Namakan pengeluar dalam siratan makanan itu.Name the producer in the food web.
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Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(b)Tulis rantai makanan yang paling panjang daripada siratan makanan itu.Write the longest food chain from the food web.
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Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(c)Seorang jiran menyembur racun siput yang mengalir ke dalam kolam itu dan membunuh kebanyakan siput air. Ramalkan perubahan populasi alga dan berikan satu sebab.A neighbour sprays a snail killer that flows into the pond and kills most of the water snails. Predict the change in the population of algae and give one reason.
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Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(d)Bakteria dalam kolam itu menguraikan organisma yang telah mati. Apakah peranan bakteria itu dalam ekosistem?Bacteria in the pond break down dead organisms. What is the role of the bacteria in the ecosystem?
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Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(e)Burung raja udang bertenggek berhampiran kolam itu dan memakan ikan kecil. (i) Namakan jenis interaksi antara burung raja udang dengan ikan kecil. (ii) Jika semua ikan kecil ditangkap, ramalkan perubahan populasi pepatung muda dan berikan satu sebab.A kingfisher perches near the pond and eats the small fish. (i) Name the type of interaction between the kingfisher and the small fish. (ii) If all the small fish were caught, predict the change in the population of dragonfly nymphs and give one reason.
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Tick each point you got.
27
Question 27
Jadual menunjukkan nilai pH bagi lima bahan yang terdapat di dapur dan bilik mandi sebuah rumah. Semua larutan mempunyai kepekatan yang sama.
The table shows the pH values of five substances found in the kitchen and bathroom of a house. All the solutions have the same concentration.
| Bahan / Substance | pH |
|---|---|
| P: Pencuci saluran / Drain cleaner | 13 |
| Q: Cuka / Vinegar | 3 |
| R: Air sabun / Soap solution | 10 |
| S: Air paip / Tap water | 7 |
| T: Jus limau nipis / Lime juice | 2 |
[1 mark]
(a)Nyatakan bahan yang neutral.State the substance that is neutral.
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Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(b)Nyatakan bahan yang merupakan asid yang paling kuat.State the substance that is the strongest acid.
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Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(c)Apakah warna penunjuk semesta dalam larutan R?What is the colour of universal indicator in solution R?
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pH 10 is a weak alkali, which turns universal indicator blue.
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(d)Nora disengat semut api. Sengatan semut itu mengandungi asid formik. Antara bahan P dan R, yang manakah lebih sesuai untuk melegakan sengatan itu? Berikan satu sebab.Nora is stung by a fire ant. The sting contains formic acid. Which is more suitable to relieve the sting, substance P or substance R? Give one reason.
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Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(e)Namakan jenis tindak balas antara asid dengan alkali dan nyatakan hasilnya.Name the type of reaction between an acid and an alkali and state its products.
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Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(f)Selepas mencuci rambut dengan syampu yang bersifat alkali, Nora menggunakan perapi rambut yang bersifat asid lemah. Terangkan mengapa.After washing her hair with an alkaline shampoo, Nora uses a conditioner that is weakly acidic. Explain why.
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Tick each point you got.
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Question 28
Encik Faizal menggunakan sebuah tukul cakar untuk mencabut paku yang tertanam pada sekeping papan di bengkelnya. Rajah 7 menunjukkan tukul itu bertindak sebagai tuas. Daya rintangan paku itu ialah 600 N dan daya yang dikenakannya ialah F.Encik Faizal uses a claw hammer to pull out a nail that is driven into a piece of wood in his workshop. Diagram 7 shows the hammer acting as a lever. The resisting force of the nail is 600 N and the force he applies is F.
[1 mark]
(a)Nyatakan kelas tuas bagi tukul itu.State the class of lever of the hammer.
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Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(b)Hitung daya F yang diperlukan untuk mencabut paku itu.Calculate the force F needed to pull out the nail.
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Tick each point you got.
[1 mark]
(c)Encik Faizal mendapati paku itu lebih mudah dicabut jika dia memegang hujung pemegang tukul dan bukan berhampiran kepala tukul. Terangkan mengapa.Encik Faizal finds the nail easier to pull out when he holds the end of the handle instead of near the head of the hammer. Explain why.
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Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(d)Sebuah blok keluli di bengkel itu digantung pada neraca spring. Beratnya 24 N di udara dan 15 N apabila direndam sepenuhnya di dalam air. (i) Hitung daya apungan ke atas blok itu. (ii) Adakah blok itu terapung atau tenggelam jika dilepaskan di dalam air? Berikan satu sebab.A steel block in the workshop hangs from a spring balance. Its weight is 24 N in air and 15 N when fully submerged in water. (i) Calculate the buoyant force on the block. (ii) Will the block float or sink when it is released in water? Give one reason.
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Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(e)Semasa paku itu dipacu ke dalam papan, daya 60 N bertindak pada hujung tajam paku yang berluas 0.000 002 m². Hitung tekanan pada hujung paku itu.While the nail is being driven into the wood, a force of 60 N acts on the sharp tip of the nail, which has an area of 0.000 002 m². Calculate the pressure at the tip of the nail.
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Tick each point you got.
[2 marks]
(f)Seorang pekerja yang kurang kuat hanya boleh mengenakan daya 50 N. Cadangkan dua cara supaya dia dapat mencabut paku yang sama (daya rintangan 600 N) dengan tukul itu.A weaker worker can apply a force of only 50 N. Suggest two ways in which he can pull out the same nail (resisting force 600 N) with the hammer.
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Any 2 points
Tick each point you got.
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Question 29
Jadual menunjukkan data bagi empat planet dalam sistem suria.
The table shows data for four planets in the solar system.
| Planet / Planet | Jarak dari Matahari / Distance from the Sun (A.U.) | Masa orbit / Orbit time | Bilangan bulan / Number of moons | Suhu permukaan / Surface temperature (°C) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zuhrah / Venus | 0.72 | 224.7 hari / days | 0 | 457 |
| Marikh / Mars | 1.52 | 687 hari / days | 2 | −55 |
| Zuhal / Saturn | 9.5 | 29.5 tahun / years | 62 | −185 |
| Uranus / Uranus | 19.1 | 84 tahun / years | 27 | −214 |
[1 mark]
(a)Planet yang manakah mempunyai masa orbit yang paling panjang?Which planet has the longest orbit time?
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[1 mark]
(b)Nyatakan hubungan antara jarak sesebuah planet dari Matahari dengan masa orbitnya.State the relationship between the distance of a planet from the Sun and its orbit time.
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[2 marks]
(c)Hitung jarak Zuhal dari Matahari dalam km. (1 A.U. = 1.5 × 10⁸ km)Calculate the distance of Saturn from the Sun in km. (1 A.U. = 1.5 × 10⁸ km)
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[2 marks]
(d)Sebuah bintang berada 4.2 tahun cahaya dari Matahari. Hitung jarak bintang itu dalam km. (1 ly = 9.5 × 10¹² km)A star is 4.2 light years from the Sun. Calculate the distance of the star in km. (1 ly = 9.5 × 10¹² km)
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[1 mark]
(e)Mengapakah Zuhal dan Uranus mempunyai suhu permukaan yang sangat rendah?Why do Saturn and Uranus have very low surface temperatures?
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[2 marks]
(f)Nyatakan dua ciri Bumi yang menjadikan Bumi sesuai untuk kehidupan.State two features of the Earth that make it suitable for life.
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[1 mark]
(g)Nyatakan satu cara manusia boleh mengurangkan jejak ekologi mereka.State one way in which humans can reduce their ecological footprint.
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30
Question 30
Encik Rahim, seorang mekanik di sebuah bengkel, ingin membuat elektromagnet untuk mengutip paku dan skru keluli yang jatuh di atas lantai. Dia melilit dawai kuprum bertebat pada sebatang paku besi dan menyambungkannya kepada sel kering, suis dan reostat seperti dalam Rajah 8. Dia mengkaji kesan bilangan lilitan gegelung. Arus dikekalkan pada 1.0 A. Jadual menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen itu.
Encik Rahim, a mechanic in a workshop, wants to make an electromagnet to pick up steel nails and screws that fall on the floor. He winds insulated copper wire around an iron nail and connects it to a dry cell, a switch and a rheostat as shown in Diagram 8. He investigates the effect of the number of turns of the coil. The current is kept at 1.0 A. The table shows the results of the experiment.
| Bilangan lilitan / Number of turns | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilangan pin keluli yang tertarik / Number of steel pins attracted | 4 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 20 |
[1 mark]
(a)Nyatakan pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan.State the manipulated variable.
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[1 mark]
(b)Nyatakan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.State the responding variable.
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[1 mark]
(c)Nyatakan satu pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan.State one constant variable.
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[1 mark]
(d)Nyatakan satu hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.State a hypothesis for this experiment.
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[1 mark]
(e)Berdasarkan jadual, nyatakan hubungan antara bilangan lilitan dengan bilangan pin yang tertarik.Based on the table, state the relationship between the number of turns and the number of pins attracted.
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[1 mark]
(f)Ramalkan bilangan pin yang tertarik jika gegelung mempunyai 60 lilitan.Predict the number of pins attracted if the coil has 60 turns.
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[1 mark]
(g)Namakan komponen dalam Rajah 8 yang digunakan untuk mengubah arus tanpa menukar bilangan sel kering.Name the component in Diagram 8 that is used to change the current without changing the number of dry cells.
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[1 mark]
(h)Dilihat dari hujung bawah paku itu, arus mengalir melawan arah jam melalui gegelung. Namakan kutub magnet pada hujung bawah paku itu.Seen from the lower end of the nail, the current flows anticlockwise through the coil. Name the magnetic pole at the lower end of the nail.
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[1 mark]
(i)Apabila suis dibuka, semua pin keluli jatuh. Terangkan mengapa.When the switch is opened, all the steel pins fall. Explain why.
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[3 marks]
(j)Encik Rahim kini ingin mengangkat plat besi yang berat di tempat pembuangan besi buruk dan melepaskannya di tempat lain. Reka satu elektromagnet yang sesuai. Nyatakan tiga ciri reka bentuknya dan sebab setiap ciri itu.Encik Rahim now wants to lift a heavy iron plate in a scrap yard and drop it at another place. Design a suitable electromagnet. State three features of your design and the reason for each.
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31
Question 31
Encik Jalil mempunyai sebuah bengkel kereta yang besar dan kosong dengan dinding konkrit yang licin. Seorang juruteknik merekodkan bunyi daripada dua mesin, P dan Q, menggunakan mikrofon dan osiloskop sinar katod (C.R.O.). Rajah 9 menunjukkan surih yang diperoleh. Setiap skrin menunjukkan gelombang bunyi selama 0.01 s.Encik Jalil has a large, empty car workshop with smooth concrete walls. A technician records the sound from two machines, P and Q, using a microphone and a cathode ray oscilloscope (C.R.O.). Diagram 9 shows the traces obtained. Each screen shows the sound wave over a time of 0.01 s.
[2 marks]
(a)Antara surih P dan Q, yang manakah menunjukkan bunyi yang lebih nyaring? Berikan satu sebab.Which trace, P or Q, shows the louder sound? Give one reason.
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[2 marks]
(b)Hitung frekuensi bunyi Q.Calculate the frequency of sound Q.
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[1 mark]
(c)Surih yang manakah mewakili bunyi dengan kelangsingan yang lebih tinggi?Which trace represents the sound with the higher pitch?
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[1 mark]
(d)Sebuah motosikal yang bising bergerak menjauhi juruteknik itu. Apakah yang didengar oleh juruteknik itu tentang kelangsingan bunyi enjin motosikal itu?A noisy motorcycle moves away from the technician. What does the technician hear about the pitch of the engine sound?
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[2 marks]
(e)Sebuah penderia tempat letak kereta menghantar denyut ultrabunyi ke arah dinding dan menerima gema selepas 0.02 s. Kelajuan bunyi di udara ialah 340 m s⁻¹. Hitung jarak antara penderia dengan dinding itu.A car parking sensor sends a pulse of ultrasound towards the wall and receives the echo after 0.02 s. The speed of sound in air is 340 m s⁻¹. Calculate the distance between the sensor and the wall.
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[1 mark]
(f)Mengapakah penderia itu menggunakan ultrabunyi dan bukan bunyi yang boleh didengar?Why does the sensor use ultrasound and not a sound that can be heard?
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[3 marks]
(g)Pekerja bengkel itu mendapati bahawa gema yang kuat menyebabkan perbualan sukar didengar. Cadangkan dua perubahan untuk mengurangkan gema itu dan terangkan bagaimana perubahan itu berkesan.The workers find that loud echoes make conversation hard to hear. Suggest two changes to reduce the echoes and explain how the changes work.
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Test specification (JSU)
| Chapter | Remembering | Understanding | Applying | Analysing | Evaluating | Creating | Items | marks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Biodiversity | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (4) | – | – | – | 3 | 6 |
| 2. Ecosystem | – | 2 (9) | – | – | – | – | 2 | 9 |
| 3. Nutrition | 1 (1) | – | 1 (1) | – | – | – | 2 | 2 |
| 4. Human health | – | 1 (4) | 1 (1) | – | – | – | 2 | 5 |
| 5. Water and solution | 1 (1) | – | 1 (1) | – | – | – | 2 | 2 |
| 6. Acids and alkalis | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (8) | – | – | – | 3 | 10 |
| 7. Electricity and magnetism | 1 (1) | – | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | – | 1 (12) | 4 | 15 |
| 8. Force and motion | – | – | 1 (1) | 2 (11) | – | – | 3 | 12 |
| 9. Heat | – | – | 1 (4) | 1 (1) | – | – | 2 | 5 |
| 10. Sound waves | – | 1 (1) | – | – | – | 1 (12) | 2 | 13 |
| 11. Stars and galaxies in the universe | 2 (5) | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 5 |
| 12. Solar system | – | 1 (10) | 1 (1) | – | – | – | 2 | 11 |
| 13. Meteoroid, asteroid, comet | 1 (1) | 1 (4) | – | – | – | – | 2 | 5 |
| Total | 8 (11) | 8 (30) | 9 (22) | 4 (13) | 0 (0) | 2 (24) | 31 | 100 |
Each cell shows items (marks).