SainsScience

Print questions onlyCetak soalan sahaja Print with answersCetak dengan skema Print answer key onlyCetak kunci jawapan sahaja Practice shows answers as you go. Exam times you and hides answers until you submit.Latihan menunjukkan jawapan semasa menjawab. Peperiksaan menetapkan masa dan menyembunyikan jawapan sehingga dihantar.

1

QuestionSoalan 1

Banyak varieti padi dengan saiz bijirin, warna dan rasa yang berbeza ditanam di Malaysia. Varieti padi yang berbeza ini menunjukkan tahap kepelbagaian biodiversiti yang manakah?Many varieties of rice with different grain size, colour and taste are grown in Malaysia. Which level of biodiversity do these different varieties show?

• AKepelbagaian ekosistemEcosystem diversity
• BKepelbagaian spesiesSpecies diversity
• CKepelbagaian genetikGenetic diversity
• DKepelbagaian iklimClimate diversity

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C

The varieties are all one species of rice but have different genes, so this is genetic diversity (variation in the genes within a species). Species diversity would mean many different species.

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 1, standard 1.1.1

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 4

2

QuestionSoalan 2

Sebuah tumbuhan mempunyai daun dengan urat selari, akar serabut dan biji benih dengan satu kotiledon. Antara berikut, yang manakah paling mungkin tumbuhan itu?A plant has leaves with parallel veins, fibrous roots and seeds with one cotyledon. Which of the following is the most likely plant?

• AJagungMaize
• BTomato
• CDurian
• DPokok rambutanRambutan tree

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A

Parallel veins, fibrous roots and one cotyledon are the characteristics of a monocotyledon. Maize is a monocotyledon; tomato, durian and rambutan are dicotyledons (net-like veins, tap root, two cotyledons).

For the teacherUntuk guru: ApplyingMengaplikasi, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 1, standard 1.2.2

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 13

3

QuestionSoalan 3

Lalang dan anak pokok getah tumbuh di tapak yang sama dan bersaing untuk mendapatkan cahaya matahari, air dan nutrien. Apakah jenis interaksi ini?Lalang grass and a young rubber tree grow on the same plot and compete for sunlight, water and nutrients. What type of interaction is this?

• AMutualismeMutualism
• BParasitismeParasitism
• CKomensalismeCommensalism
• DPersainganCompetition

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D

Organisms in the same habitat that struggle for limited light, water and nutrients are in competition. Neither one eats the other and neither lives on the other.

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 2, standard 2.3.3

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 33

4

QuestionSoalan 4

Sisa makanan yang tidak dicerna bergerak ke dalam sebuah organ tempat air dan mineral diserap semula ke dalam darah supaya najis menjadi pepejal. Apakah organ itu?Undigested food moves into an organ where water and minerals are absorbed back into the blood so that the faeces become solid. What is the organ?

• APerutStomach
• BUsus kecilSmall intestine
• CUsus besarLarge intestine
• DEsofagusOesophagus

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C

Water and minerals are reabsorbed in the large intestine, leaving solid faeces. The small intestine absorbs digested food, not water from waste.

For the teacherUntuk guru: RememberingMengingat, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 3, standard 3.3.2

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 62

5

QuestionSoalan 5

Sebungkus snek kantin mengandungi 3 g protein, 12 g karbohidrat dan 5 g lemak. Berapakah jumlah tenaga snek itu? (Karbohidrat dan protein: 17 kJ g⁻¹; lemak: 37 kJ g⁻¹)A packet of canteen snack contains 3 g of protein, 12 g of carbohydrate and 5 g of fat. What is the total energy of the snack? (Carbohydrate and protein: 17 kJ g⁻¹; fat: 37 kJ g⁻¹)

• A185 kJ
• B255 kJ
• C340 kJ
• D440 kJ

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D

Protein and carbohydrate: (3 + 12) × 17 = 255 kJ. Fat: 5 × 37 = 185 kJ. Total = 255 + 185 = 440 kJ. 185 kJ is the fat only, 255 kJ leaves out the fat, and 340 kJ treats the fat as 17 kJ g⁻¹ (20 × 17).

For the teacherUntuk guru: ApplyingMengaplikasi, mediumsederhana difficultyaras mediumsederhana, ChapterBab 3, standard 3.4

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 55

6

QuestionSoalan 6

Antara penyakit berikut, yang manakah dipadankan dengan betul dengan patogen dan vektornya?Which of the following diseases is matched correctly with its pathogen and its vector?

• AMalaria: Plasmodium; nyamuk Anopheles betinaMalaria: Plasmodium; female Anopheles mosquito
• BDenggi: bakteria; nyamuk AedesDengue: bacteria; Aedes mosquito
• CTaun: virus; lalatCholera: virus; fly
• DZika: protozoa; nyamuk AnophelesZika: protozoa; Anopheles mosquito

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A

Malaria is caused by the protozoan Plasmodium and carried by the female Anopheles mosquito. Dengue and Zika are caused by viruses carried by Aedes mosquitoes, and cholera is caused by bacteria (Vibrio cholerae) carried by flies.

For the teacherUntuk guru: RememberingMengingat, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 4, standard 4.1.2

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 79

7

QuestionSoalan 7

Antara pernyataan berikut, yang manakah menerangkan larutan tepu dengan betul?Which of the following statements describes a saturated solution correctly?

• AMengandungi sedikit zat terlarut dalam pelarutIt contains only a little solute in the solvent
• BMengandungi jumlah maksimum zat terlarut dan tidak boleh melarutkan lebih banyak zat terlarut pada suhu ituIt contains the maximum amount of solute and cannot dissolve any more solute at that temperature
• CSentiasa melarutkan lebih banyak zat terlarut jika dikacauIt always dissolves more solute if it is stirred
• DSentiasa keruh kerana mengandungi ampaianIt is always cloudy because it contains a suspension

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B

A saturated solution holds the maximum solute at that temperature; extra solute is left as a precipitate. A solution with only a little solute is dilute (A), and stirring does not make a saturated solution dissolve more.

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 5, standard 5.2

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 107

8

QuestionSoalan 8

Empat set eksperimen dijalankan untuk melarutkan 5 g gula ke dalam 100 mL air. Jadual menunjukkan keadaan setiap set. Set yang manakah akan melarutkan gula paling cepat?

Set / Set	Suhu air / Water temperature	Bentuk gula / Form of sugar	Pengacauan / Stirring
P	30 °C	Serbuk halus / Fine powder	Dikacau / Stirred
Q	60 °C	Ketulan / Cubes	Dikacau / Stirred
R	60 °C	Serbuk halus / Fine powder	Dikacau / Stirred
S	60 °C	Serbuk halus / Fine powder	Tidak dikacau / Not stirred

Four experiments are carried out to dissolve 5 g of sugar in 100 mL of water. The table shows the conditions of each set. Which set will dissolve the sugar the fastest?

• AP
• BQ
• CR
• DS

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C

The rate of dissolving is fastest with warm water, a small solute size (fine powder) and stirring. Only set R has all three. P is cooler, Q has large cubes and S is not stirred.

For the teacherUntuk guru: ApplyingMengaplikasi, mediumsederhana difficultyaras mediumsederhana, ChapterBab 5, standard 5.2

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 110

9

QuestionSoalan 9

Tanah di sebuah tapak pesta pertanian terlalu berasid sehingga tanaman tidak subur. Bahan manakah yang boleh ditambah ke dalam tanah itu untuk memulihkannya?The soil at an agricultural fair site is too acidic and the plants do not grow well. Which substance can be added to the soil to correct it?

• ACukaVinegar
• BKapur terhidrat (kalsium hidroksida)Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide)
• CAsid sulfurik cairDilute sulphuric acid
• DAir sulingDistilled water

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B

Acidic soil is neutralised by adding an alkali such as slaked lime. Vinegar and sulphuric acid are acids and would make the soil even more acidic; distilled water would not neutralise it.

For the teacherUntuk guru: ApplyingMengaplikasi, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 6, standard 6.2.2

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 135

10

QuestionSoalan 10

Larutan X dan larutan Y mempunyai kepekatan yang sama. Nilai pH larutan X ialah 1 dan nilai pH larutan Y ialah 4. Pernyataan manakah yang betul?Solution X and solution Y have the same concentration. The pH of solution X is 1 and the pH of solution Y is 4. Which statement is correct?

• AY ialah asid yang lebih kuat daripada X kerana nilai pH Y lebih tinggiY is a stronger acid than X because the pH of Y is higher
• BX ialah alkali kerana nilai pH X rendahX is an alkali because the pH of X is low
• CX dan Y kedua-duanya neutralX and Y are both neutral
• DX ialah asid yang lebih kuat daripada YX is a stronger acid than Y

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D

Both are below pH 7, so both are acids. At the same concentration the lower the pH, the stronger the acid, so X (pH 1) is stronger than Y (pH 4).

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, mediumsederhana difficultyaras mediumsederhana, ChapterBab 6, standard 6.1.3

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 130

11

QuestionSoalan 11

Sebuah voltmeter digunakan untuk mengukur beza keupayaan merentasi sebiji mentol dalam satu litar. Bagaimanakah voltmeter itu disambung?A voltmeter is used to measure the potential difference across a bulb in a circuit. How is the voltmeter connected?

• ASecara selari merentasi mentol ituIn parallel across the bulb
• BSecara siri dengan mentol ituIn series with the bulb
• CSecara siri dengan suisIn series with the switch
• DDi mana-mana kedudukan dalam litarAt any position in the circuit

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A

A voltmeter is connected in parallel across the component. An ammeter, not a voltmeter, is connected in series.

For the teacherUntuk guru: RememberingMengingat, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 7, standard 7.1.3

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 148

12

QuestionSoalan 12

Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu litar dengan sel 9 V dan dua perintang, 6 Ω dan 18 Ω, yang disambung secara selari. Sebuah ammeter disambung pada wayar utama. Berapakah bacaan ammeter itu?Diagram 1 shows a circuit with a 9 V cell and two resistors, 6 Ω and 18 Ω, connected in parallel. An ammeter is connected in the main wire. What is the reading of the ammeter?

• A0.375 A
• B0.5 A
• C1.5 A
• D2.0 A

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D

Each branch has the full 9 V. Current in the 6 Ω resistor = 9 ÷ 6 = 1.5 A; in the 18 Ω resistor = 9 ÷ 18 = 0.5 A. The ammeter in the main wire reads the sum: 1.5 + 0.5 = 2.0 A. 0.375 A treats the resistors as if they were in series, and 1.5 A leaves out the second branch.

For the teacherUntuk guru: ApplyingMengaplikasi, mediumsederhana difficultyaras mediumsederhana, ChapterBab 7, standard 7.2.1

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 155

13

QuestionSoalan 13

Apabila dilihat dari hujung X sebuah solenoid, arus mengalir mengikut arah jam. Bilangan lilitan solenoid itu kemudian digandakan dan arah arus disongsangkan, dengan arus yang sama. Apakah yang berlaku kepada hujung X?Seen from end X of a solenoid, the current flows clockwise. The number of turns of the solenoid is then doubled and the direction of the current is reversed, with the same size of current. What happens to end X?

• AMenjadi kutub selatan dengan medan magnet yang lebih lemahIt becomes a south pole with a weaker magnetic field
• BMenjadi kutub utara dengan medan magnet yang lebih kuatIt becomes a north pole with a stronger magnetic field
• CKekal sebagai kutub selatan dengan medan magnet yang lebih kuatIt stays a south pole with a stronger magnetic field
• DMenjadi kutub utara dengan medan magnet yang lebih lemahIt becomes a north pole with a weaker magnetic field

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B

Clockwise current makes the end a south pole. Reversing the current makes it anticlockwise, so end X becomes a north pole. More turns at the same current give a stronger magnetic field.

For the teacherUntuk guru: AnalysingMenganalisis, hightinggi difficultyaras hightinggi, ChapterBab 7, standard 7.3.3

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 160

14

QuestionSoalan 14

Sebuah kapal kargo mempunyai garisan Plimsoll yang dicat pada badannya. Apakah tujuan garisan Plimsoll?A cargo ship has a Plimsoll line painted on its hull. What is the purpose of the Plimsoll line?

• AUntuk menunjukkan kelajuan maksimum kapal ituTo show the maximum speed of the ship
• BUntuk menunjukkan jisim kapal itu di udaraTo show the mass of the ship in air
• CUntuk menunjukkan aras selamat kapal itu boleh tenggelam dalam air yang berbeza ketumpatanTo show the safe level to which the ship may sink in water of different density
• DUntuk mengekalkan kapal itu tegak di atas airTo keep the ship upright on the water

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C

Sea water has different densities in different places, so the buoyant force differs. The Plimsoll lines show the safe level the ship may sink to in each region, so that it is not overloaded.

For the teacherUntuk guru: RememberingMengingat, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 8, standard 8.2.2

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 180

15

QuestionSoalan 15

Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebatang palang yang seimbang secara mendatar pada fulkrumnya. Berapakah daya F?Diagram 2 shows a beam balanced horizontally on its fulcrum. What is the force F?

• A72 N
• B180 N
• C150 N
• D135 N

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B

Principle of moments: the anticlockwise moment equals the clockwise moment. Left side: 90 × 0.60 + 60 × 0.30 = 54 + 18 = 72 N m. Right side: F × 0.40 = 72, so F = 180 N. 135 N leaves out the 60 N load, 150 N simply adds the two forces, and 72 is the moment, not the force.

For the teacherUntuk guru: AnalysingMenganalisis, mediumsederhana difficultyaras mediumsederhana, ChapterBab 8, standard 8.2.3

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 185

16

QuestionSoalan 16

Raksa digunakan di dalam termometer di makmal sains. Apakah sifat raksa yang menjadi sebab raksa digunakan?Mercury is used in thermometers in the science lab. Which property of mercury is the reason for its use?

• AIa ialah konduktor haba yang baik, jadi ia cepat mencapai suhu bahan yang diukurIt is a good conductor of heat, so it quickly reaches the temperature of the substance being measured
• BIa ialah penebat haba yang baik, jadi haba tidak keluar daripada termometerIt is a good heat insulator, so heat does not escape from the thermometer
• CIa ialah pemantul haba yang baik, jadi ia memantulkan haba dari persekitaranIt is a good reflector of heat, so it reflects heat from the surroundings
• DIa tidak mengembang apabila dipanaskan, jadi bacaan sentiasa tetapIt does not expand when heated, so the reading is always constant

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A

Mercury is a liquid metal and a good conductor of heat, so it takes up the temperature of the object quickly and then expands to show the reading. A thermometer works because the liquid expands when it is heated, so D is wrong.

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, mediumsederhana difficultyaras mediumsederhana, ChapterBab 9, standard 9.2.5

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 213

17

QuestionSoalan 17

Dua orang angkasawan yang bekerja di luar kapal angkasa tidak dapat mendengar suara satu sama lain secara langsung dan perlu menggunakan radio. Apakah sebabnya?Two astronauts working outside their spacecraft cannot hear each other's voices directly and have to use radios. What is the reason?

• AAngkasa terlalu sejuk untuk bunyi merambatSpace is too cold for sound to travel
• BSuara manusia berfrekuensi terlalu rendah untuk didengar di angkasaHuman voices have a frequency that is too low to be heard in space
• CBunyi bergerak terlalu perlahan dalam gasSound moves too slowly in a gas
• DBunyi memerlukan medium zarah untuk merambat dan angkasa ialah vakumSound needs a medium of particles to travel and space is a vacuum

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D

Sound is passed on by vibrating particles, so it needs a medium. Space is almost a vacuum with no particles, so sound cannot travel through it. Temperature and the pitch of the voice are not the reason.

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 10, standard 10.1

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 226

18

QuestionSoalan 18

Bintang dilahirkan daripada awan debu dan gas seperti hidrogen dan helium. Apakah nama awan itu?Stars are born from a cloud of dust and gases such as hydrogen and helium. What is the cloud called?

• ALohong hitamBlack hole
• BKerdil putihWhite dwarf
• CNebula
• DBintang neutronNeutron star

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C

A nebula is a large cloud of dust and gases from which a star is born. A white dwarf, a neutron star and a black hole are the end products of dead stars.

For the teacherUntuk guru: RememberingMengingat, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 11, standard 11.1.1

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 242

19

QuestionSoalan 19

Isyarat radio daripada sebuah kapal angkasa mengambil masa 20 minit untuk sampai ke Bumi. (1 A.U. = 1.5 × 10⁸ km; kelajuan isyarat radio = 3 × 10⁵ km s⁻¹). Berapakah jarak kapal angkasa itu dari Bumi dalam A.U.?A radio signal from a spacecraft takes 20 minutes to reach the Earth. (1 A.U. = 1.5 × 10⁸ km; speed of the radio signal = 3 × 10⁵ km s⁻¹). What is the distance of the spacecraft from the Earth in A.U.?

• A2.4 A.U.
• B0.04 A.U.
• C24 A.U.
• D3.6 × 10⁸ A.U.

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A

Time = 20 × 60 = 1 200 s. Distance = 3 × 10⁵ × 1 200 = 3.6 × 10⁸ km. In A.U.: 3.6 × 10⁸ ÷ 1.5 × 10⁸ = 2.4 A.U. 0.04 A.U. uses 20 s instead of 1 200 s, and 3.6 × 10⁸ is the distance in km, not A.U.

For the teacherUntuk guru: ApplyingMengaplikasi, mediumsederhana difficultyaras mediumsederhana, ChapterBab 12, standard 12.1.1

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 253

20

QuestionSoalan 20

Permukaan Bulan mempunyai lebih banyak kawah daripada permukaan Bumi. Apakah sebab utamanya?The surface of the Moon has many more craters than the surface of the Earth. What is the main reason?

• ABulan terletak lebih dekat dengan tali pinggang asteroidThe Moon is closer to the asteroid belt
• BBulan tidak mempunyai atmosfera untuk membakar meteoroid sebelum sampai ke permukaannyaThe Moon has no atmosphere to burn up meteoroids before they reach its surface
• CGraviti Bulan lebih kuat daripada graviti BumiThe gravity of the Moon is stronger than the gravity of the Earth
• DMeteoroid hanya jatuh ke atas BulanMeteoroids fall only onto the Moon

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B

Most meteors burn up in the Earth's atmosphere because of friction with the air. The Moon has almost no atmosphere, so the meteoroids hit the surface and leave craters. The Moon's gravity is weaker than the Earth's.

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 13, standard 13.1.2

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 272

21

QuestionSoalan 21

Kantin sekolah menjual nasi putih, telur rebus, santan kelapa dan sayur bayam. Pilih kelas makanan utama bagi setiap makanan dalam bahagian a hingga c, dan pilih fungsi sayur bayam dalam bahagian d.The school canteen sells plain rice, boiled eggs, coconut milk and spinach. Choose the main food class of each food in parts a to c, and choose the food class that gives spinach its function in part d.

[1 markmarkah] (a)Kelas makanan utama dalam nasi putih ialah __________.The main food class in plain rice is __________.

AkarbohidratcarbohydrateBproteinClemakfatDserat makanandietary fibre

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carbohydrate

Rice is mainly starch, a carbohydrate, the main source of energy.

[1 markmarkah] (b)Kelas makanan utama dalam putih telur rebus ialah __________.The main food class in the white of a boiled egg is __________.

AkarbohidratcarbohydrateBproteinClemakfatDserat makanandietary fibre

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protein

Egg is a source of protein, which is used for growth and repair of cells.

[1 markmarkah] (c)Kelas makanan utama dalam santan kelapa ialah __________.The main food class in coconut milk is __________.

AkarbohidratcarbohydrateBproteinClemakfatDserat makanandietary fibre

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fat

Coconut milk and coconut oil are rich in fat, a high-energy store.

[1 markmarkah] (d)Bayam membantu mencegah sembelit kerana kandungan __________ nya.Spinach helps to prevent constipation because of its __________.

AkarbohidratcarbohydrateBproteinClemakfatDserat makanandietary fibre

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dietary fibre

Fibre cannot be digested but stimulates peristalsis, so food moves along the tract and constipation is prevented.

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 3, standard 3.1.1

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 47

22

QuestionSoalan 22

Dalam makmal sains, Nurul menguji beberapa larutan dengan penunjuk. Pilih warna yang betul bagi setiap penunjuk dalam larutan yang diberi.In the science lab, Nurul tests some solutions with indicators. Choose the correct colour of each indicator in the solution given.

[1 markmarkah] (a)Fenolftalein dalam air paip ialah __________.Phenolphthalein in tap water is __________.

Atidak berwarnacolourlessBmerahredCmerah jambupinkDkuningyellowEhijaugreen

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colourless

Phenolphthalein is colourless in acidic and neutral solutions (tap water is neutral).

[1 markmarkah] (b)Metil jingga dalam asid hidroklorik ialah __________.Methyl orange in hydrochloric acid is __________.

Atidak berwarnacolourlessBmerahredCmerah jambupinkDkuningyellowEhijaugreen

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red

Methyl orange is red in an acid.

[1 markmarkah] (c)Fenolftalein dalam larutan natrium hidroksida ialah __________.Phenolphthalein in sodium hydroxide solution is __________.

Atidak berwarnacolourlessBmerahredCmerah jambupinkDkuningyellowEhijaugreen

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pink

Phenolphthalein is pink in an alkali.

[1 markmarkah] (d)Metil jingga dalam larutan garam ialah __________.Methyl orange in salt solution is __________.

Atidak berwarnacolourlessBmerahredCmerah jambupinkDkuningyellowEhijaugreen

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yellow

Salt solution is neutral. Methyl orange is yellow in neutral and alkaline solutions.

For the teacherUntuk guru: RememberingMengingat, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 6, standard 6.1.2

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 129

23

QuestionSoalan 23

Pada pameran sains di pesta pekan, Aiman membaca papan maklumat tentang sistem suria. Tandakan Benar atau Palsu bagi setiap pernyataan.At the science exhibition at the town fair, Aiman reads an information board about the solar system. Mark each statement True or False.

[1 markmarkah] (a)Ketumpatan Zuhal kurang daripada ketumpatan air (1.0 g cm⁻³).The density of Saturn is less than the density of water (1.0 g cm⁻³).

ABenarTrueBPalsuFalse

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True

The density of Saturn is 0.7 g cm⁻³, which is less than that of water; it is a low-density gas planet.

[1 markmarkah] (b)Semakin jauh sebuah planet dari Matahari, semakin pendek masa orbitnya.The further a planet is from the Sun, the shorter its orbit time.

ABenarTrueBPalsuFalse

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False

The further a planet is from the Sun, the longer its orbit time (Mercury 88 days, Neptune 164.8 years).

[1 markmarkah] (c)Bahagian Bulan yang menghadap Bumi sentiasa berubah kerana Bulan tidak berputar pada paksinya.The side of the Moon that faces the Earth keeps changing because the Moon does not rotate on its axis.

ABenarTrueBPalsuFalse

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False

The Moon rotates on its axis and orbits the Earth in about the same time (about 27 days), so the same side always faces the Earth.

[1 markmarkah] (d)Musytari ialah planet gergasi gas dan graviti permukaannya lebih tinggi daripada graviti permukaan Bumi.Jupiter is a giant gas planet and its surface gravity is higher than the surface gravity of the Earth.

ABenarTrueBPalsuFalse

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True

Jupiter is a giant gas planet with an enormous mass; its surface gravity is 24.79 m s⁻², against 9.8 m s⁻² on the Earth.

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, mediumsederhana difficultyaras mediumsederhana, ChapterBab 12, standard 12.3

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 258

24

QuestionSoalan 24

Rajah 3 menunjukkan graf sesaran melawan masa bagi bunyi sebuah loceng di pesta pekan, yang dirakam dengan mikrofon. Pilih jawapan yang betul.Diagram 3 shows the graph of displacement against time for the sound of a bell at the town fair, recorded with a microphone. Choose the correct answer.

[1 markmarkah] (a)Amplitud gelombang itu ialah __________.The amplitude of the wave is __________.

A3 cmB6 cmC1.5 cm

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3 cm

Amplitude is the height of the wave from the centre line: 3 cm. (6 cm is the distance from the top to the bottom of the wave.)

[1 markmarkah] (b)Tempoh satu getaran lengkap ialah __________.The time for one complete wave is __________.

A0.005 sB0.020 sC5 s

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0.005 s

Four complete waves take 20 ms, so one wave takes 20 ÷ 4 = 5 ms = 0.005 s.

[1 markmarkah] (c)Frekuensi bunyi itu ialah __________.The frequency of the sound is __________.

A200 HzB50 HzC4 Hz

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200 Hz

Frequency = number of waves ÷ time = 4 ÷ 0.020 = 200 Hz (or 1 ÷ 0.005 = 200 Hz).

[1 markmarkah] (d)Jika loceng itu dipukul lebih kuat, bunyi yang dihasilkan menjadi __________.If the bell is struck harder, the sound produced becomes __________.

Alebih nyaring dengan kelangsingan yang samalouder with the same pitchBlebih nyaring dan lebih langsinglouder and higher in pitchCsama nyaring tetapi lebih langsingthe same loudness but higher in pitch

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louder with the same pitch

A harder strike gives a larger amplitude, so the sound is louder. The frequency does not change, so the pitch stays the same.

For the teacherUntuk guru: ApplyingMengaplikasi, mediumsederhana difficultyaras mediumsederhana, ChapterBab 10, standard 10.2

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 230

25

QuestionSoalan 25

Pada malam perkhemahan sains, murid-murid membaca tentang jasad kecil dalam sistem suria. Pilih nama jasad bagi setiap huraian.On the night of a science camp, the pupils read about the small bodies in the solar system. Choose the name of the body for each description.

[1 markmarkah] (a)Jasad berbatu dan berlogam yang mengorbit Matahari, terdapat kebanyakannya di antara orbit Marikh dengan orbit Musytari, ialah __________.A rocky and metallic body that orbits the Sun, found mostly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, is a(n) __________.

AasteroidBkometcometCmeteorDmeteoritmeteorite

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asteroid

Asteroids are rocky and metal bodies with their own orbit around the Sun, mostly in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.

[1 markmarkah] (b)Jasad ais, gas dan debu beku yang mempunyai ekor panjang menghala menjauhi Matahari apabila hampir dengan Matahari ialah __________.A body of ice, gas and frozen dust with a long tail that points away from the Sun when it is near the Sun is a __________.

AasteroidBkometcometCmeteorDmeteoritmeteorite

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comet

A comet has a head and a tail; the solar wind blows the tail away from the Sun.

[1 markmarkah] (c)Jalur cahaya yang terang di langit malam apabila serpihan batu terbakar akibat geseran dengan udara ialah __________.A bright streak of light in the night sky when a piece of rock burns because of friction with the air is a __________.

AasteroidBkometcometCmeteorDmeteoritmeteorite

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meteor

A meteoroid that enters the Earth's atmosphere and burns is a meteor (a 'shooting star').

[1 markmarkah] (d)Serpihan batu yang tidak terbakar habis dan mendarat di permukaan Bumi ialah __________.A piece of rock that does not burn up completely and lands on the surface of the Earth is a __________.

AasteroidBkometcometCmeteorDmeteoritmeteorite

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meteorite

A meteor that survives the fall and reaches the Earth's surface is a meteorite; it may form a crater.

For the teacherUntuk guru: RememberingMengingat, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 13, standard 13.1.1

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 270

26

QuestionSoalan 26

Sebuah sawah padi di tepi pekan menjadi tempat lawatan murid-murid. Rajah 4 menunjukkan piramid tenaga bagi rantai makanan padi → belalang → katak → ular dalam sawah itu. Nombor menunjukkan jumlah tenaga yang terdapat pada setiap peringkat.A paddy field at the edge of the town is visited by pupils. Diagram 4 shows the pyramid of energy for the food chain paddy plants → grasshopper → frog → snake in the field. The numbers show the amount of energy at each level.

[1 markmarkah] (a)Namakan pengeluar dalam rantai makanan itu.Name the producer in the food chain.

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• Paddy plants1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[1 markmarkah] (b)Nyatakan peranan katak dalam rantai makanan itu.State the role of the frog in the food chain.

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• Secondary consumer (it eats the grasshopper, which is a primary consumer)1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[2 marksmarkah] (c)Hitung peratusan tenaga yang dipindahkan daripada belalang kepada katak.Calculate the percentage of energy that is transferred from the grasshopper to the frog.

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• 900 ÷ 6 000 × 1001
• 15 %1

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[2 marksmarkah] (d)Terangkan mengapa jumlah tenaga berkurang daripada satu peringkat ke peringkat seterusnya.Explain why the amount of energy decreases from one level to the next.

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• Some energy is used by the organism for movement and respiration and is lost as heat1
• Some energy is lost in undigested food, faeces and parts that are not eaten (such as bones and roots)1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[2 marksmarkah] (e)Seorang petani menyembur racun serangga yang membunuh kebanyakan belalang. Ramalkan perubahan bilangan katak dan berikan satu sebab.A farmer sprays an insecticide that kills most of the grasshoppers. Predict the change in the number of frogs and give one reason.

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• The number of frogs decreases1
• There are fewer grasshoppers for the frogs to eat (less food), so some starve or move away1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 2, standard 2.1.2

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 24

27

QuestionSoalan 27

Petikan akhbar: Tiga kes demam Zika dikesan di sebuah taman perumahan berhampiran padang pesta pekan. Pesakit mengalami demam, ruam dan sakit sendi. Pegawai kesihatan memberi ceramah kebersihan kepada penduduk, memeriksa dan merawat penduduk yang demam, mengasingkan pesakit daripada orang lain, serta mengabus kawasan itu dan memusnahkan tempat pembiakan nyamuk Aedes.Newspaper report: Three cases of Zika fever were found in a housing estate near the field of the town fair. The patients had a fever, rashes and joint pain. Health officers gave talks on cleanliness to the residents, checked and treated residents who had a fever, separated the patients from other people, fogged the area and destroyed the breeding places of Aedes mosquitoes.

[1 markmarkah] (a)Nyatakan jenis patogen yang menyebabkan demam Zika.State the type of pathogen that causes Zika fever.

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• Virus1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[1 markmarkah] (b)Apakah vektor demam Zika?What is the vector of Zika fever?

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• Aedes mosquito1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[3 marksmarkah] (c)Tiga tindakan pegawai kesihatan itu mewakili tiga peringkat pencegahan penyebaran penyakit berjangkit. Namakan peringkat bagi setiap tindakan: (i) memberi ceramah kebersihan, (ii) memeriksa dan merawat penduduk yang demam serta mengasingkan pesakit, (iii) mengabus dan memusnahkan tempat pembiakan nyamuk.The three actions of the health officers represent the three stages of preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Name the stage for each action: (i) giving talks on cleanliness, (ii) checking and treating residents who had a fever and separating the patients, (iii) fogging and destroying the breeding places of mosquitoes.

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• (i) Primary stage1
• (ii) Secondary stage1
• (iii) Tertiary stage1

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[2 marksmarkah] (d)Terangkan bagaimana seekor nyamuk Aedes boleh menyebarkan penyakit itu daripada seorang pesakit kepada orang yang sihat.Explain how an Aedes mosquito can spread the disease from a patient to a healthy person.

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• The mosquito bites (sucks the blood of) an infected person and the pathogens enter its body (salivary glands)1
• When the same mosquito bites a healthy person, it passes the pathogens into that person's blood1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[1 markmarkah] (e)Nyatakan satu tempat yang sesuai untuk nyamuk Aedes membiak.State one suitable place for Aedes mosquitoes to breed.

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• Stagnant (still) water, e.g. in old tyres, flower pots, tins or blocked drains1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 4, standard 4.1.3

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 80

28

QuestionSoalan 28

Zain mengkaji bahan penebat haba untuk membuat bekas minuman sejuk. Tiga botol yang sama saiz diisi dengan 200 mL air sejuk pada suhu 5 °C. Botol P tidak dibalut, botol Q dibalut dengan kain bulu dan botol R dibalut dengan kerajang aluminium. Ketiga-tiga botol diletakkan di dalam sebuah bilik bersuhu 30 °C dan suhu air dalam setiap botol direkodkan setiap 10 minit. Rajah 5 menunjukkan graf keputusan eksperimen itu.Zain investigates heat insulating materials for making a container for cold drinks. Three bottles of the same size are filled with 200 mL of cold water at 5 °C. Bottle P is not wrapped, bottle Q is wrapped with a wool cloth and bottle R is wrapped with aluminium foil. The three bottles are placed in a room at 30 °C and the temperature of the water in each bottle is recorded every 10 minutes. Diagram 5 shows the graph of the results of the experiment.

[1 markmarkah] (a)Nyatakan pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dalam eksperimen ini.State the manipulated variable in this experiment.

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• The material wrapped around the bottle (none, wool cloth or aluminium foil)1

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[1 markmarkah] (b)Nyatakan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.State the responding variable.

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• Temperature of the water (after a certain time)1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[1 markmarkah] (c)Berapakah kenaikan suhu air dalam botol P lebih tinggi daripada kenaikan suhu air dalam botol Q selepas 40 minit?By how many degrees is the rise in temperature of the water in bottle P greater than the rise in temperature of the water in bottle Q after 40 minutes?

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• P: 29 − 5 = 24 °C; Q: 19 − 5 = 14 °C; difference = 10 °C1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[2 marksmarkah] (d)Nyatakan bahan penebat haba yang terbaik. Terangkan mengapa kerajang aluminium tidak sesuai untuk tujuan ini.State the best heat insulator. Explain why aluminium foil is not suitable for this purpose.

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• Wool cloth (bottle Q): the temperature rises the least / most slowly1
• Aluminium foil is a good conductor of heat, so heat from the room passes through it easily (bottle R warms up almost as fast as bottle P)1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[2 marksmarkah] (e)Terangkan mengapa suhu air dalam botol P naik dengan cepat pada mulanya dan kemudian perlahan sehingga hampir 30 °C.Explain why the temperature of the water in bottle P rises quickly at first and then slowly until it is nearly 30 °C.

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• Heat flows from the warmer room to the colder water; the greater the temperature difference, the faster the heat flows1
• As the temperature of the water gets closer to the room temperature the difference becomes smaller, until thermal equilibrium is reached (no net heat flow, same temperature)1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[3 marksmarkah] (f)Seorang penjual aiskrim di pesta pekan ingin mengekalkan aiskrim supaya tidak cair selama tiga jam di dalam sebuah bekas. Reka bentuk bekas itu. Nyatakan tiga ciri reka bentuk dan sebab bagi setiap ciri.An ice cream seller at the town fair wants to keep ice cream from melting for three hours in a container. Design the container. State three features of the design and the reason for each.

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Any 3 pointsMana-mana 3 isi

• Walls made of a good insulator such as polystyrene / thick layers of foam, because it is a poor conductor of heat and slows the heat entering1
• A lid that closes tightly, because it stops warm air entering by convection (and heat escaping upward)1
• A white or shiny outer surface, because it is a poor absorber of heat radiation from the Sun1
• Ice packs placed inside / keep the container in the shade (accept any other sensible feature with a reason about reducing heat gain)1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

For the teacherUntuk guru: EvaluatingMenilai, hightinggi difficultyaras hightinggi, ChapterBab 9, standard 9.2.5

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 213

29

QuestionSoalan 29

Jadual menunjukkan suhu permukaan dan saiz bagi empat bintang yang diperhatikan oleh kelab astronomi pada waktu malam di padang pesta pekan.

Bintang / Star	Suhu permukaan / Surface temperature (K)	Saiz / Size
P	3 000	Supergergasi / Supergiant
Q	5 600	Kerdil / Dwarf
R	9 500	Kerdil / Dwarf
S	30 000	Gergasi / Giant

Warna bintang bergantung pada suhu permukaannya: merah (bawah 3 500 K), jingga (3 500–5 000 K), kuning (5 000–6 000 K), kuning keputihan (6 000–7 500 K), putih (7 500–11 000 K), putih kebiruan (11 000–25 000 K) dan biru (atas 25 000 K).The table shows the surface temperature and size of four stars observed by the astronomy club at night on the field of the town fair.
The colour of a star depends on its surface temperature: red (below 3 500 K), orange (3 500–5 000 K), yellow (5 000–6 000 K), yellowish-white (6 000–7 500 K), white (7 500–11 000 K), bluish-white (11 000–25 000 K) and blue (above 25 000 K).

[1 markmarkah] (a)Nyatakan warna bintang P.State the colour of star P.

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• Red (3 000 K is below 3 500 K)1

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[1 markmarkah] (b)Nyatakan warna bintang Q.State the colour of star Q.

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• Yellow (5 600 K is between 5 000 K and 6 000 K)1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[2 marksmarkah] (c)Bintang yang manakah paling panas? Nyatakan warnanya.Which star is the hottest? State its colour.

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• S1
• Blue (30 000 K is above 25 000 K)1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[2 marksmarkah] (d)Bintang Q ialah bintang bersaiz sederhana seperti Matahari. Namakan peringkat yang akan dilalui oleh bintang Q selepas peringkat raksasa merah dan namakan hasil akhir bagi sebuah bintang yang besar (bukan bintang bersaiz sederhana) selepas supernova.Star Q is a medium-sized star like the Sun. Name the stage that star Q will go through after the red giant stage and name the end product of a large star (not a medium-sized one) after a supernova.

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• White dwarf (after the red giant)1
• Neutron star1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[2 marksmarkah] (e)Huraikan bagaimana sebuah bintang bermula dalam awan debu dan gas.Describe how a star starts to form in a cloud of dust and gases.

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• Gravitational force pulls the gas and dust together into a globe, which shrinks into a very dense, hot core1
• The temperature and pressure in the core become so high that a nuclear reaction starts (hydrogen changes to helium), releasing heat and light, and the protostar shines1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[2 marksmarkah] (f)Ani berkata, "Bintang P ialah bintang yang paling panas kerana warnanya merah." Adakah Ani betul? Terangkan jawapan anda.Ani says, "Star P is the hottest star because its colour is red." Is Ani correct? Explain your answer.

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• No, Ani is not correct1
• Red stars are the coolest and blue stars the hottest; star P has the lowest surface temperature (3 000 K) of the four1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 11, standard 11.1.2

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 245

30

QuestionSoalan 30

Hafiz memasang litar lampu untuk gerainya di pesta pekan. Rajah 6 menunjukkan litar itu dengan bekalan 12 V, mentol L1 (10 Ω) dan L2 (20 Ω) yang disambung pada satu cabang, dan mentol L3 (15 Ω) dengan suis S pada cabang yang satu lagi. Suis S ditutup.Hafiz sets up a lighting circuit for his stall at the town fair. Diagram 6 shows the circuit with a 12 V supply, bulbs L1 (10 Ω) and L2 (20 Ω) connected on one branch, and bulb L3 (15 Ω) with a switch S on the other branch. Switch S is closed.

[1 markmarkah] (a)Nyatakan jenis sambungan antara L1 dengan L2.State the type of connection between L1 and L2.

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• Series1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[2 marksmarkah] (b)Hitung arus yang mengalir melalui L1.Calculate the current that flows through L1.

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• Resistance of the branch = 10 + 20 = 30 Ω1
• I = V ÷ R = 12 ÷ 30 = 0.4 A1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[1 markmarkah] (c)Hitung arus yang mengalir melalui L3.Calculate the current that flows through L3.

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• 12 ÷ 15 = 0.8 A1

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[1 markmarkah] (d)Berapakah bacaan ammeter A?What is the reading of ammeter A?

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• 0.4 + 0.8 = 1.2 A1

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[1 markmarkah] (e)Hitung beza keupayaan merentasi L1.Calculate the potential difference across L1.

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• V = I R = 0.4 × 10 = 4 V1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[2 marksmarkah] (f)Mentol L3 terbakar. Adakah L1 dan L2 masih menyala? Terangkan jawapan anda.Bulb L3 burns out. Do L1 and L2 still light up? Explain your answer.

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• Yes, they still light up1
• The branches of a parallel circuit are independent: the current in the branch of L1 and L2 still has a complete path and the branch still receives the 12 V1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[2 marksmarkah] (g)Hafiz melilit dawai bertebat pada sebatang paku besi dan menyambungkannya kepada bekalan 12 V untuk membuat elektromagnet bagi mengutip pin keluli. Nyatakan dua perubahan yang boleh dibuat supaya elektromagnet itu mengutip lebih banyak pin.Hafiz winds insulated wire around an iron nail and connects it to a 12 V supply to make an electromagnet to pick up steel pins. State two changes he can make so that the electromagnet picks up more pins.

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• Increase the number of turns of the coil1
• Increase the current (use a higher voltage or more dry cells / reduce the resistance with a rheostat)1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[2 marksmarkah] (h)Ali mencadangkan semua lampu di gerai itu disambung secara siri supaya litar itu menggunakan arus yang lebih kecil. Nilaikan cadangan Ali dan berikan satu sebab mengapa sambungan selari lebih baik.Ali suggests that all the lights at the stall be connected in series so that the circuit uses a smaller current. Evaluate Ali's suggestion and give one reason why a parallel connection is better.

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Any 2 pointsMana-mana 2 isi

• Ali's suggestion is not good: although the current is smaller, the bulbs would be dim1
• Reason (any one): in a parallel circuit each bulb receives the full voltage, so every bulb is bright / works at its normal brightness1
• If one bulb fails the others keep working, and each bulb can be switched on or off separately (accept either as the reason)1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

For the teacherUntuk guru: EvaluatingMenilai, hightinggi difficultyaras hightinggi, ChapterBab 7, standard 7.2.1

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 155

31

QuestionSoalan 31

Hamid menyediakan sebuah gerai minuman di pesta pekan. Dia mengkaji daya geseran menggunakan sebuah blok kayu yang beratnya 10 N dan sebuah neraca spring. Blok itu ditarik perlahan-lahan di atas tiga permukaan yang berbeza. Jadual menunjukkan daya yang diperlukan untuk menggerakkan blok itu.

Permukaan / Surface	Daya yang diperlukan / Force needed (N)
Jubin berkilat / Polished tile	1.5
Papan kayu / Wooden board	3.0
Kertas pasir / Sandpaper	5.0

Hamid sets up a drinks stall at the town fair. He investigates frictional force using a wooden block that weighs 10 N and a spring balance. The block is pulled slowly across three different surfaces. The table shows the force needed to make the block move.

[1 markmarkah] (a)Nyatakan pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan.State the manipulated variable.

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• Type of surface1

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[1 markmarkah] (b)Nyatakan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.State the responding variable.

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• Force needed to move the block (reading of the spring balance), which is the frictional force1

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[1 markmarkah] (c)Permukaan yang manakah menghasilkan daya geseran yang paling besar?Which surface gives the largest frictional force?

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• Sandpaper (5.0 N)1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[1 markmarkah] (d)Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.State a hypothesis for this experiment.

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• The rougher the surface, the greater the frictional force1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[1 markmarkah] (e)Nyatakan arah daya geseran yang bertindak ke atas blok itu semasa blok itu ditarik.State the direction of the frictional force that acts on the block while it is pulled.

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• Opposite to the direction of motion (opposite to the pulling force)1

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[2 marksmarkah] (f)Sebuah kaunter pameran seberat 720 N berdiri di atas empat kaki, dengan keluasan 0.003 m² bagi setiap kaki. Hitung tekanan yang dikenakan oleh kaunter itu ke atas tanah.A display counter weighing 720 N stands on four legs, each leg having an area of 0.003 m². Calculate the pressure that the counter exerts on the ground.

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• Total area = 4 × 0.003 = 0.012 m²1
• Pressure = 720 ÷ 0.012 = 60 000 Pa (6.0 × 10⁴ Pa)1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[2 marksmarkah] (g)Sebuah mainan botol plastik berpenutup seberat 3 N ditolak sepenuhnya ke dalam air. Daya apungan ke atas botol itu ialah 8 N. Adakah botol itu akan terapung atau tenggelam apabila dilepaskan? Berikan satu sebab.A sealed plastic bottle toy weighing 3 N is pushed fully under water. The buoyant force on the bottle is 8 N. Will the bottle float or sink when it is released? Give one reason.

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• It floats (rises to the surface)1
• The buoyant force (8 N) is greater than its weight (3 N) / the bottle is less dense than water1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[3 marksmarkah] (h)Hamid perlu menolak sebuah troli yang memuatkan banyak kotak minuman yang berat merentasi padang berlumpur yang lembut. Cadangkan tiga cara untuk memudahkan troli itu bergerak dan tidak tenggelam ke dalam lumpur. Berikan sebab bagi setiap cara.Hamid has to push a trolley loaded with many heavy crates of drinks across a soft, muddy field. Suggest three ways to make the trolley easier to move and to stop it sinking into the mud. Give a reason for each way.

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• Use wide wheels / lay wooden boards on the mud, because a larger area reduces the pressure on the ground so the wheels do not sink1
• Oil the axles / use smooth wheels with bearings, because this reduces friction1
• Carry fewer crates in each trip, because a smaller weight gives a smaller pressure and a smaller frictional force (accept any other sensible way with a reason)1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

For the teacherUntuk guru: CreatingMencipta, mediumsederhana difficultyaras mediumsederhana, ChapterBab 8, standard 8.1.3

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 172

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