SainsScience

Print questions onlyCetak soalan sahaja Print with answersCetak dengan skema Print answer key onlyCetak kunci jawapan sahaja Practice shows answers as you go. Exam times you and hides answers until you submit.Latihan menunjukkan jawapan semasa menjawab. Peperiksaan menetapkan masa dan menyembunyikan jawapan sehingga dihantar.

1

QuestionSoalan 1

Seorang murid menemui sebatang tumbuhan di tebing sungai. Daun tumbuhan itu mempunyai urat daun berjaringan, akarnya akar tunjang dan bijinya mempunyai dua kotiledon. Apakah tumbuhan itu?A pupil finds a plant on the river bank. Its leaves have network-like veins, it has a tap root and its seed has two cotyledons. What is the plant?

• AJagungMaize
• BPadiPaddy
• CPokok tomatoTomato plant
• DPaku-pakisFern

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C

Network-like veins, a tap root and two cotyledons are the features of a dicotyledon, such as the tomato plant. Maize and paddy are monocotyledons (parallel veins, fibrous roots). A fern is a non-flowering plant and makes no seeds.

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 1, standard 1.2.2

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 13

2

QuestionSoalan 2

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah contoh pemuliharaan in situ?Which of the following is an example of in situ conservation?

• AZoo yang membiak haiwan yang terancamA zoo that breeds endangered animals
• BTaman botani yang menyimpan tumbuhan yang jarang ditemuiA botanical park that keeps rare plants
• CTaman laut yang melindungi terumbu karangA marine park that protects coral reefs
• DAkuarium di sebuah pusat membeli-belahAn aquarium in a shopping mall

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C

In situ conservation protects a species within its natural habitat: national parks, forest reserves and marine parks. Zoos and botanical parks keep species outside the natural habitat (ex situ), and so does an aquarium.

For the teacherUntuk guru: RememberingMengingat, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 1, standard 1.1.2

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 7

3

QuestionSoalan 3

Rantai makanan sebuah sungai ialah: tumbuhan air → siput air → ikan keli → memerang. Organisma yang manakah ialah pengguna sekunder?A river food chain is: water plant → water snail → catfish → otter. Which organism is the secondary consumer?

• ASiput airWater snail
• BIkan keliCatfish
• CMemerangOtter
• DTumbuhan airWater plant

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B

The water plant is the producer, the snail eats the producer so it is the primary consumer, and the catfish eats the snail, so it is the secondary consumer. The otter is the tertiary consumer.

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 2, standard 2.1.2

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 24

4

QuestionSoalan 4

Seorang murid menggoncang kacang tanah yang dihancurkan dengan etanol, menuras campuran itu dan menuang beberapa titis hasil turasan ke dalam air suling. Satu emulsi putih keruh terbentuk. Kelas makanan yang manakah terdapat dalam kacang tanah itu?A pupil shakes crushed peanuts with ethanol, filters the mixture and pours a few drops of the filtrate into distilled water. A cloudy white emulsion forms. Which food class is present in the peanuts?

• ALemakFat
• BKanjiStarch
• CProtein
• DGula penurunReducing sugar

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A

A cloudy white emulsion in the alcohol-emulsion test shows fat. Starch turns iodine dark blue, protein gives a red colour with Millon's reagent and reducing sugar gives a brick-red precipitate with Benedict's solution.

For the teacherUntuk guru: RememberingMengingat, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 3, standard 3.1

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 50

5

QuestionSoalan 5

Sebuah hidangan nasi ayam mengandungi 90 g karbohidrat, 15 g protein dan 20 g lemak. Berapakah jumlah tenaga hidangan itu? (Karbohidrat dan protein: 17 kJ g⁻¹; lemak: 37 kJ g⁻¹)A plate of chicken rice contains 90 g of carbohydrate, 15 g of protein and 20 g of fat. What is the total energy of the meal? (Carbohydrate and protein: 17 kJ g⁻¹; fat: 37 kJ g⁻¹)

• A1 785 kJ
• B2 125 kJ
• C2 825 kJ
• D2 525 kJ

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D

Carbohydrate and protein: (90 + 15) × 17 = 1 785 kJ. Fat: 20 × 37 = 740 kJ. Total = 1 785 + 740 = 2 525 kJ. 1 785 leaves out the fat, 2 125 gives fat only 17 kJ g⁻¹, and 2 825 gives protein 37 kJ g⁻¹.

For the teacherUntuk guru: ApplyingMengaplikasi, mediumsederhana difficultyaras mediumsederhana, ChapterBab 3, standard 3.2

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 55

6

QuestionSoalan 6

Semasa melawat sebuah hospital, Hana mengetahui bahawa penyakit salah seorang pesakit tidak boleh berjangkit kepada orang lain. Penyakit manakah itu?During a visit to a hospital, Hana learns that the disease of one of the patients cannot be passed to other people. Which disease is it?

• ADenggiDengue
• BDiabetes
• CKurapRingworm
• DTibiTuberculosis

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B

Diabetes is a non-infectious disease: it is caused by genetic or lifestyle factors, not pathogens, so it cannot be passed on. Dengue (virus, Aedes mosquito), ringworm (fungus, contact) and tuberculosis (bacteria, air) are infectious.

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 4, standard 4.1.1

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 76

7

QuestionSoalan 7

Empat peringkat dalam sistem bekalan air ialah P: penggumpalan, Q: pengklorinan, R: penurasan melalui pasir dan S: pengoksidaan. Selepas air sungai ditapis untuk membuang ranting dan daun, apakah susunan peringkat yang betul?Four stages in a water supply system are P: coagulation, Q: chlorination, R: filtration through sand and S: oxidation. After the river water has been filtered to remove branches and leaves, what is the correct order of the stages?

• AP, S, R, Q
• BS, P, R, Q
• CS, R, P, Q
• DP, S, Q, R

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B

The order is oxidation (S), coagulation (P), sedimentation, filtration through sand (R), then chlorination (Q). Chlorination comes last so that the microorganisms are killed in clear water.

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, mediumsederhana difficultyaras mediumsederhana, ChapterBab 5, standard 5.3

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 116

8

QuestionSoalan 8

Keterlarutan garam X dalam air pada 30 °C ialah 36 g per 100 mL. Seorang murid memasukkan 100 g garam X ke dalam 250 mL air pada 30 °C dan mengacau dengan baik. Berapakah jisim garam X yang tidak larut?The solubility of salt X in water at 30 °C is 36 g per 100 mL. A pupil adds 100 g of salt X to 250 mL of water at 30 °C and stirs well. What mass of salt X does not dissolve?

• A0 g
• B64 g
• C90 g
• D10 g

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D

250 mL of water dissolves 36 × 250 ÷ 100 = 90 g at most. The mass left undissolved is 100 − 90 = 10 g. 64 g uses only 100 mL of water, and 90 g is the mass that dissolves, not the mass that remains.

For the teacherUntuk guru: ApplyingMengaplikasi, hightinggi difficultyaras hightinggi, ChapterBab 5, standard 5.2

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 110

9

QuestionSoalan 9

Bahan manakah bertindak balas dengan pita magnesium untuk menghasilkan gelembung gas hidrogen?Which substance reacts with magnesium ribbon to produce bubbles of hydrogen gas?

• AJus limau nipisLime juice
• BLarutan sabunSoap solution
• CLarutan soda penaikBaking soda solution
• DLarutan ammoniaAmmonia solution

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A

Only an acid reacts with a metal such as magnesium to produce hydrogen. Lime juice is acidic. Soap solution, baking soda solution and ammonia solution are alkaline and do not react with magnesium.

For the teacherUntuk guru: RememberingMengingat, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 6, standard 6.1.1

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 128

10

QuestionSoalan 10

Dalam satu pentitratan, 25.0 mL larutan natrium hidroksida dineutralkan oleh asid hidroklorik daripada sebuah buret. Bacaan awal buret ialah 0.80 mL dan bacaan akhir ialah 24.30 mL. Berapakah isi padu asid yang digunakan?In a titration, 25.0 mL of sodium hydroxide solution is neutralised by hydrochloric acid from a burette. The initial burette reading is 0.80 mL and the final reading is 24.30 mL. What volume of acid is used?

• A24.30 mL
• B25.10 mL
• C23.50 mL
• D0.80 mL

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C

Volume used = final reading − initial reading = 24.30 − 0.80 = 23.50 mL. 25.10 mL comes from adding the two readings, and 24.30 mL ignores the initial reading.

For the teacherUntuk guru: ApplyingMengaplikasi, mediumsederhana difficultyaras mediumsederhana, ChapterBab 6, standard 6.2.1

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 133

11

QuestionSoalan 11

Rajah 1 menunjukkan perintang 9 Ω dan 18 Ω disambung selari kepada sebuah sel 18 V. Berapakah bacaan ammeter A?Diagram 1 shows a 9 Ω and an 18 Ω resistor connected in parallel to an 18 V cell. What is the reading of ammeter A?

• A3.0 A
• B0.67 A
• C2.0 A
• D1.0 A

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A

The voltage across each resistor is 18 V. I₁ = 18 ÷ 9 = 2.0 A and I₂ = 18 ÷ 18 = 1.0 A. The ammeter is in the main wire, so it reads I₁ + I₂ = 3.0 A. 0.67 A treats the resistors as if they were in series (18 ÷ 27).

For the teacherUntuk guru: ApplyingMengaplikasi, mediumsederhana difficultyaras mediumsederhana, ChapterBab 7, standard 7.2.1

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 156

12

QuestionSoalan 12

Pernyataan manakah tentang garis medan magnet di sekeliling sebuah magnet bar adalah betul?Which statement about the magnetic field lines around a bar magnet is correct?

• AGaris bermula di kutub selatan dan berakhir di kutub utaraThe lines start at the south pole and end at the north pole
• BGaris bersilang antara satu sama lain di kutubThe lines cross each other at the poles
• CGaris lebih rapat di tempat medan lebih kuatThe lines are closer together where the field is stronger
• DGaris lebih jauh antara satu sama lain berhampiran kutubThe lines are further apart near the poles

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C

Field lines are closer together where the magnetic field is stronger, which is near the poles. They start at the north pole and end at the south pole, and they never cross.

For the teacherUntuk guru: RememberingMengingat, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 7, standard 7.3.1

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 159

13

QuestionSoalan 13

Sebuah lampu tepi katil di sebuah wad hospital mengalirkan arus 0.5 A apabila disambung kepada bekalan 12 V. Berapakah rintangan lampu itu?A bedside lamp in a hospital ward carries a current of 0.5 A when connected to a 12 V supply. What is the resistance of the lamp?

• A6 Ω
• B12.5 Ω
• C0.04 Ω
• D24 Ω

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D

R = V ÷ I = 12 ÷ 0.5 = 24 Ω. 6 Ω comes from V × I, and 0.04 Ω comes from I ÷ V.

For the teacherUntuk guru: ApplyingMengaplikasi, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 7, standard 7.1.4

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 148

14

QuestionSoalan 14

Seorang tukang perahu menolak galahnya pada dasar sungai dan perahu itu bergerak ke hadapan. Pernyataan manakah yang betul?A boatman pushes his pole against the river bed and the boat moves forward. Which statement is correct?

• ADasar sungai mengenakan daya yang sama besar pada galah dalam arah bertentanganThe river bed exerts an equal force on the pole in the opposite direction
• BDaya galah pada dasar sungai lebih besar daripada daya dasar sungai pada galahThe force of the pole on the river bed is greater than the force of the river bed on the pole
• CDaya tindakan dan daya tindak balas bertindak pada objek yang samaThe action and reaction forces act on the same object
• DTiada daya tindak balas kerana dasar sungai tidak bergerakThere is no reaction force because the river bed does not move

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A

Every action force has an equal reaction force in the opposite direction. The two forces act on different objects (pole on river bed, river bed on pole), so they do not cancel out, and this reaction is what moves the boat forward.

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 8, standard 8.1

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 173

15

QuestionSoalan 15

Sebuah jongkang-jongket di sebuah taman tepi sungai mempunyai pangsi di tengahnya. Hakim, berat 450 N, duduk 0.8 m dari pangsi. Di manakah Aini, berat 300 N, perlu duduk supaya jongkang-jongket itu seimbang?A seesaw in a park beside the river has its pivot at the centre. Hakim, weight 450 N, sits 0.8 m from the pivot. Where must Aini, weight 300 N, sit so that the seesaw balances?

• A0.53 m dari pangsi, di sebelah yang bertentangan0.53 m from the pivot, on the opposite side
• B0.80 m dari pangsi, di sebelah yang bertentangan0.80 m from the pivot, on the opposite side
• C1.50 m dari pangsi, di sebelah yang bertentangan1.50 m from the pivot, on the opposite side
• D1.20 m dari pangsi, di sebelah yang bertentangan1.20 m from the pivot, on the opposite side

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D

Clockwise moment = anticlockwise moment. 450 × 0.8 = 360 N m = 300 × d, so d = 360 ÷ 300 = 1.2 m. 0.53 m inverts the ratio, and 1.50 m is 450 ÷ 300 without using the 0.8 m.

For the teacherUntuk guru: ApplyingMengaplikasi, hightinggi difficultyaras hightinggi, ChapterBab 8, standard 8.2

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 185

16

QuestionSoalan 16

Pernyataan manakah menerangkan mengapa bayu laut bertiup pada waktu siang?Which statement explains why a sea breeze blows during the day?

• ALaut menjadi panas lebih cepat daripada darat, jadi udara di atas laut naik dan udara dari darat bergerak masukThe sea heats up faster than the land, so air above the sea rises and air from the land moves in
• BDarat menjadi panas lebih cepat daripada laut, jadi udara di atas darat naik dan udara yang lebih sejuk dari laut bergerak masukThe land heats up faster than the sea, so air above the land rises and cooler air from the sea moves in
• CDarat menjadi sejuk lebih cepat daripada laut, jadi udara sejuk di atas darat tenggelam dan bergerak ke lautThe land cools faster than the sea, so cool air above the land sinks and moves towards the sea
• DLaut dan darat mempunyai suhu yang sama, jadi angin disebabkan oleh sinaran sahajaThe sea and the land are at the same temperature, so the wind is caused by radiation only

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B

In the day the land becomes hotter than the sea. The warm air above the land rises and the cooler, denser air from the sea flows in to take its place. This convection current is the sea breeze.

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, mediumsederhana difficultyaras mediumsederhana, ChapterBab 9, standard 9.2.2

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 210

17

QuestionSoalan 17

Susunan manakah menunjukkan medium mengikut kelajuan bunyi yang semakin bertambah?Which arrangement shows the media in order of increasing speed of sound?

• AKeluli, air sungai, udaraSteel, river water, air
• BAir sungai, udara, keluliRiver water, air, steel
• CUdara, air sungai, keluliAir, river water, steel
• DUdara, keluli, air sungaiAir, steel, river water

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C

Sound travels slowest in a gas (air), faster in a liquid (river water) and fastest in a solid (steel), because the particles are closest together in a solid.

For the teacherUntuk guru: RememberingMengingat, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 10, standard 10.1

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 226

18

QuestionSoalan 18

Sebuah bintang dalam paparan kubah planetarium mempunyai suhu permukaan 15 000 K. Apakah warna bintang itu?A star in the display on the planetarium dome has a surface temperature of 15 000 K. What is the colour of the star?

• APutih kebiruanBluish-white
• BPutihWhite
• CBiruBlue
• DPutih kekuninganYellowish-white

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A

Bluish-white stars have surface temperatures between 11 000 K and 25 000 K. White is 7 500 to 11 000 K, blue is above 25 000 K and yellowish-white is 6 000 to 7 500 K.

For the teacherUntuk guru: ApplyingMengaplikasi, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 11, standard 11.1.2

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 245

19

QuestionSoalan 19

Jika Bumi berputar pada paksinya jauh lebih perlahan daripada sekarang, apakah yang akan berlaku?If the Earth rotated on its axis much more slowly than it does now, what would happen?

• ASiang dan malam menjadi lebih pendekDay and night would become shorter
• BAir pasang dan air surut kekal samaThe high and low tides would stay the same
• CSeluruh Bumi mempunyai suhu yang samaThe whole Earth would have the same temperature
• DBahagian yang menghadap Matahari menjadi lebih panas dan kering, dan bahagian yang membelakangi Matahari menjadi lebih sejukThe side facing the Sun would become hotter and drier, and the side away from the Sun would become colder

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D

A slower rotation makes day and night longer. The side facing the Sun gets sunlight for much longer and becomes hotter and drier, while the side away from the Sun receives none and becomes colder. The tides would also change.

For the teacherUntuk guru: AnalysingMenganalisis, hightinggi difficultyaras hightinggi, ChapterBab 12, standard 12.1.4

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 261

20

QuestionSoalan 20

Apakah yang boleh dilakukan oleh saintis untuk mengurangkan kemungkinan sebuah asteroid melanggar Bumi?What can scientists do to reduce the possibility of an asteroid colliding with the Earth?

• AMenembak roket untuk memusnahkan meteorit selepas meteorit itu mendaratFire rockets to destroy meteorites after they have landed
• BMemantau orbit asteroid dan memusnahkan atau mengubah haluan asteroid yang menuju ke BumiMonitor the orbits of asteroids and destroy or change the course of one heading towards the Earth
• CMenghentikan semua penyelidikan angkasaStop all space research
• DMengalihkan orbit Bumi menjauhi MatahariMove the orbit of the Earth away from the Sun

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B

Scientists monitor the orbits of asteroids, issue a warning if a collision is possible, and an asteroid approaching the Earth may be destroyed or have its course changed.

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 13, standard 13.1.3

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 275

21

QuestionSoalan 21

Sebuah keluarga yang berkelah di tepi sungai ingin menggunakan air sungai dan air laut. Pilih kaedah yang paling sesuai bagi setiap tujuan.A family having a picnic beside the river wants to use river water and sea water. Choose the most suitable method for each purpose.

[1 markmarkah] (a)Membuang pasir dan kelodak daripada air sungaiTo remove sand and silt from river water

APenurasanFiltrationBPendidihanBoilingCPenyulinganDistillationDPenyejatanEvaporation

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Filtration

Filtration removes suspended particles such as sand and silt.

[1 markmarkah] (b)Membunuh mikroorganisma dalam air minuman di khemahTo kill microorganisms in drinking water at the campsite

APenurasanFiltrationBPendidihanBoilingCPenyulinganDistillationDPenyejatanEvaporation

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Boiling

Boiling kills microorganisms. It does not remove dissolved substances.

[1 markmarkah] (c)Mendapatkan air tulen daripada air lautTo obtain pure water from sea water

APenurasanFiltrationBPendidihanBoilingCPenyulinganDistillationDPenyejatanEvaporation

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Distillation

Only distillation removes the dissolved salt as well as the suspended particles and the microorganisms, so it gives pure water.

[1 markmarkah] (d)Mendapatkan garam daripada air lautTo obtain salt from sea water

APenurasanFiltrationBPendidihanBoilingCPenyulinganDistillationDPenyejatanEvaporation

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Evaporation

The water evaporates and the salt is left behind. Sea salt is obtained from evaporating sea water.

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 5, standard 5.3

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 114

22

QuestionSoalan 22

Rajah 2 menunjukkan kunci dikotomi yang digunakan untuk mengenal pasti empat tumbuhan di tepi sungai, iaitu lumut, paku-pakis, padi dan pokok durian. Pilih tumbuhan yang diwakili oleh P, Q, R dan S.Diagram 2 shows a dichotomous key used to identify four plants beside a river: a moss, a fern, a paddy plant and a durian tree. Choose the plant represented by P, Q, R and S.

[1 markmarkah] (a)Tumbuhan PPlant P

ALumutMossBPaku-pakisFernCPadiPaddy plantDPokok durianDurian tree

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Moss

P has no flowers and no vascular system: it is the moss, a non-vascular plant.

[1 markmarkah] (b)Tumbuhan QPlant Q

ALumutMossBPaku-pakisFernCPadiPaddy plantDPokok durianDurian tree

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Fern

Q has no flowers but has a vascular system: it is the fern.

[1 markmarkah] (c)Tumbuhan RPlant R

ALumutMossBPaku-pakisFernCPadiPaddy plantDPokok durianDurian tree

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Paddy plant

R has flowers and parallel leaf veins: it is a monocotyledon, the paddy plant.

[1 markmarkah] (d)Tumbuhan SPlant S

ALumutMossBPaku-pakisFernCPadiPaddy plantDPokok durianDurian tree

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Durian tree

S has flowers and network-like leaf veins: it is a dicotyledon, the durian tree.

For the teacherUntuk guru: ApplyingMengaplikasi, mediumsederhana difficultyaras mediumsederhana, ChapterBab 1, standard 1.2.1

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 14

23

QuestionSoalan 23

Seorang jurutera menerangkan pengembangan dan pengecutan bahan kepada sekumpulan murid yang melawat sebuah jambatan keluli di atas sungai. Tandakan Benar atau Palsu bagi setiap pernyataan.An engineer explains the expansion and contraction of matter to a group of pupils visiting a steel bridge over a river. Mark each statement True or False.

[1 markmarkah] (a)Jurang ditinggalkan di antara rasuk keluli jambatan itu supaya rasuk itu boleh mengembang pada cuaca panas.Gaps are left between the steel beams of the bridge so that the beams can expand in hot weather.

ABenarTrueBPalsuFalse

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True

Solids expand when heated. The gaps stop the beams from buckling when they expand.

[1 markmarkah] (b)Zarah keluli menjadi lebih besar apabila keluli dipanaskan.The particles of steel become bigger when the steel is heated.

ABenarTrueBPalsuFalse

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False

The particles do not become bigger. They vibrate faster and move further apart, so only the spaces between them increase.

[1 markmarkah] (c)Dalam dwilogam, logam yang mengembang kurang berada di bahagian dalam lengkungan apabila dipanaskan.In a bimetallic strip, the metal that expands less is on the inside of the curve when it is heated.

ABenarTrueBPalsuFalse

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True

The metal that expands more ends up on the outside of the curve, so the strip bends towards the metal that expands less.

[1 markmarkah] (d)Antara pepejal, cecair dan gas, gas mengembang paling sedikit apabila dipanaskan.Of solids, liquids and gases, gases expand the least when heated.

ABenarTrueBPalsuFalse

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False

Gases expand the most and solids expand the least.

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, mediumsederhana difficultyaras mediumsederhana, ChapterBab 9, standard 9.3

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 214

24

QuestionSoalan 24

Dalam lawatan ke sebuah planetarium, Tania membaca papan maklumat tentang jasad kecil dalam sistem suria. Pilih jasad yang betul bagi setiap huraian.On a visit to a planetarium, Tania reads an information board about the small bodies in the solar system. Choose the correct body for each description.

[1 markmarkah] (a)Mempunyai kepala dan ekor, dan diperbuat daripada ais, gas dan debu yang bekuHas a head and a tail, and is made of frozen ice, gas and dust

AMeteoroidBAsteroidCKometCometDMeteoritMeteorite

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Comet

Only a comet has a head and a tail and is made of ice, gas and dust.

[1 markmarkah] (b)Badan berbatu dan berlogam yang beredar mengelilingi Matahari dalam orbitnya sendiri, kebanyakannya di antara orbit Marikh dengan MusytariA rocky and metal body that travels around the Sun in its own orbit, mostly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter

AMeteoroidBAsteroidCKometCometDMeteoritMeteorite

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Asteroid

Most asteroids are found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.

[1 markmarkah] (c)Serpihan batu dan logam yang bersaiz antara 10 µm hingga 1 m dan bergerak bebas di angkasa lepasA fragment of stone and metal, between 10 µm and 1 m in size, that moves freely in outer space

AMeteoroidBAsteroidCKometCometDMeteoritMeteorite

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Meteoroid

A meteoroid is a floating piece of stone and metal in space, 10 µm to 1 m in size.

[1 markmarkah] (d)Sebuah meteor yang tidak habis terbakar dan sampai ke permukaan Bumi, lalu membentuk kawahA meteor that did not burn up completely, reached the surface of the Earth and made a crater

AMeteoroidBAsteroidCKometCometDMeteoritMeteorite

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Meteorite

A meteor that survives the fall and lands on the surface of the Earth is a meteorite, and its impact forms a crater.

For the teacherUntuk guru: RememberingMengingat, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 13, standard 13.1.1

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 271

25

QuestionSoalan 25

Sebuah sungai hutan mempunyai pelbagai jenis organisma yang berinteraksi antara satu sama lain. Pilih jenis interaksi bagi setiap contoh.A forest river has many kinds of organisms that interact with one another. Choose the type of interaction for each example.

[1 markmarkah] (a)Sejenis orkid tumbuh pada dahan sebatang pokok di tepi sungai dan mendapat sokongan. Pokok itu tidak terjejas.An orchid grows on a branch of a tree beside the river and gets support. The tree is not affected.

AMutualismeMutualismBKomensalismeCommensalismCParasitismeParasitismDPersainganCompetition

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Commensalism

The orchid benefits and the tree is neither harmed nor helped: commensalism.

[1 markmarkah] (b)Seekor lintah menghisap darah seekor rusa yang minum di tepi sungai. Rusa itu menjadi lemah.A leech sucks the blood of a deer drinking beside the river. The deer becomes weak.

AMutualismeMutualismBKomensalismeCommensalismCParasitismeParasitismDPersainganCompetition

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Parasitism

The leech (parasite) benefits and the deer (host) is harmed: parasitism.

[1 markmarkah] (c)Seekor burung tiong hinggap pada belakang seekor kerbau di tepi sungai dan memakan kutu pada kulitnya. Burung itu mendapat makanan dan kerbau itu bebas daripada kutu.A mynah bird perches on the back of a buffalo beside the river and eats the ticks on its skin. The bird gets food and the buffalo is rid of the ticks.

AMutualismeMutualismBKomensalismeCommensalismCParasitismeParasitismDPersainganCompetition

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Mutualism

Both organisms benefit (food for the bird, no ticks for the buffalo): mutualism.

[1 markmarkah] (d)Dua ekor burung raja udang berlawan untuk mendapatkan tempat bertenggek yang sama di tepi sungai.Two kingfishers fight for the same perch beside the river.

AMutualismeMutualismBKomensalismeCommensalismCParasitismeParasitismDPersainganCompetition

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Competition

Organisms of the same habitat compete for a limited resource, here a place to perch: competition.

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 2, standard 2.3.3

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 32

26

QuestionSoalan 26

Semasa menziarahi seorang pesakit di hospital, Iman membaca bahawa pil antasid mengandungi magnesium hidroksida dan melegakan sakit perut yang disebabkan oleh terlalu banyak asid hidroklorik dalam perut. Di makmal sekolah, dia memasukkan pil antasid satu demi satu ke dalam 50 mL asid hidroklorik cair yang mewakili asid perut, mengacau, dan mengukur pH dengan meter pH selepas setiap pil. Rajah 3 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen itu.While visiting a patient in hospital, Iman reads that an antacid pill contains magnesium hydroxide and relieves stomach pain caused by too much hydrochloric acid in the stomach. In the school laboratory, she adds antacid pills one by one to 50 mL of dilute hydrochloric acid, which represents the stomach acid, stirs, and measures the pH with a pH meter after each pill. Diagram 3 shows the results of the experiment.

[1 markmarkah] (a)Namakan jenis tindak balas antara antasid dengan asid hidroklorik.Name the type of reaction between the antacid and the hydrochloric acid.

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• Neutralisation1

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[2 marksmarkah] (b)Tulis persamaan perkataan bagi tindak balas antara asid hidroklorik dengan magnesium hidroksida.Write the word equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium hydroxide.

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• Hydrochloric acid + magnesium hydroxide → salt + water1
• The salt is magnesium chloride1

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[1 markmarkah] (c)Nyatakan pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dalam eksperimen ini.State the manipulated variable in this experiment.

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• Number of antacid tablets (pills) added1

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[1 markmarkah] (d)Berdasarkan Rajah 3, nyatakan nilai pH selepas 3 pil ditambah.Based on Diagram 3, state the pH value after 3 pills have been added.

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• pH 51

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[1 markmarkah] (e)Berapakah bilangan pil yang diperlukan untuk menjadikan larutan itu neutral?How many pills are needed to make the solution neutral?

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• 4 pills (pH 7)1

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[1 markmarkah] (f)Apakah warna penunjuk semesta selepas 6 pil ditambah? Berikan sebab.What is the colour of universal indicator after 6 pills have been added? Give a reason.

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• Blue, because the pH is 9 (above 7), so the solution is alkaline1

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[1 markmarkah] (g)Seekor semut api menyengat adik Iman dan menyuntik asid formik. Cadangkan satu bahan yang boleh disapu pada sengatan itu dan terangkan sebabnya.A fire ant stings Iman's little brother and injects formic acid. Suggest one substance that can be applied to the sting and explain why.

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• A weak alkali such as soap solution or baking soda solution, because it neutralises the acid in the sting1

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For the teacherUntuk guru: ApplyingMengaplikasi, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 6, standard 6.2.2

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 134

27

QuestionSoalan 27

Sebuah bot pelancong di sungai mempunyai hon dan sonar. Seorang pelajar merekodkan dua nota, P dan Q, daripada hon itu menggunakan mikrofon dan osiloskop sinar katod (O.S.K.). Rajah 4 menunjukkan surih yang diperoleh. Setiap skrin menunjukkan gelombang bunyi selama 0.04 s.A tourist boat on the river has a horn and a sonar. A student records two notes, P and Q, from the horn using a microphone and a cathode ray oscilloscope (C.R.O.). Diagram 4 shows the traces obtained. Each screen shows the sound wave over a time of 0.04 s.

[2 marksmarkah] (a)Hitung frekuensi nota P.Calculate the frequency of note P.

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• 6 complete waves in 0.04 s: frequency = 6 ÷ 0.041
• 150 Hz1

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[1 markmarkah] (b)Nota yang manakah, P atau Q, mempunyai kelangsingan yang lebih tinggi?Which note, P or Q, has the higher pitch?

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• Q (it has the higher frequency, 350 Hz against 150 Hz)1

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[2 marksmarkah] (c)Nota yang manakah lebih nyaring? Berikan satu sebab.Which note is louder? Give one reason.

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• P1
• It has the larger amplitude (the waves are taller)1

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[2 marksmarkah] (d)Sonar bot itu menghantar denyut bunyi ke dasar sungai dan menerima gema selepas 0.016 s. Kelajuan bunyi dalam air sungai ialah 1 500 m s⁻¹. Hitung kedalaman sungai itu.The sonar of the boat sends a sound pulse down to the river bed and receives the echo after 0.016 s. The speed of sound in river water is 1 500 m s⁻¹. Calculate the depth of the river.

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• Distance there and back = 1 500 × 0.016 = 24 m1
• Depth = 24 ÷ 2 = 12 m1

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[1 markmarkah] (e)Nyatakan satu kegunaan lain bunyi yang dipantulkan dalam bidang perubatan.State one other use of reflected sound in medicine.

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• Ultrasound scan (sonogram) to make images of a foetus or an organ, which is safer than X-rays because it carries no harmful radiation1

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For the teacherUntuk guru: ApplyingMengaplikasi, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 10, standard 10.3

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 232

28

QuestionSoalan 28

Nur, seorang bayi, dibawa ke klinik sebuah hospital untuk menerima vaksin terhadap satu penyakit berjangkit. Jururawat memberi dos pertama pada minggu 0 dan dos kedua pada minggu 8. Rajah 5 menunjukkan aras antibodi dalam darah Nur selama 24 minggu.Nur, a baby, is brought to a clinic in a hospital to receive a vaccine against an infectious disease. The nurse gives the first dose in week 0 and the second dose in week 8. Diagram 5 shows the antibody level in Nur's blood over 24 weeks.

[1 markmarkah] (a)Namakan jenis keimunan yang diperoleh daripada vaksin.Name the type of immunity gained from a vaccine.

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• Active artificial immunity1

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[1 markmarkah] (b)Apakah yang terkandung dalam sebuah vaksin?What does a vaccine contain?

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• Antigens from weakened or dead pathogens (viruses or bacteria)1

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[2 marksmarkah] (c)Berdasarkan Rajah 5, nyatakan aras antibodi yang tertinggi selepas (i) dos pertama, (ii) dos kedua.Based on Diagram 5, state the highest antibody level after (i) the first dose, (ii) the second dose.

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• (i) 20%1
• (ii) 90%1

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[2 marksmarkah] (d)Bandingkan tindak balas antibodi selepas dos kedua dengan tindak balas selepas dos pertama.Compare the antibody response after the second dose with the response after the first dose.

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Any 2 pointsMana-mana 2 isi

• The antibody level rises faster after the second dose1
• The level is higher (90% against 20%) and goes above the immunity level (50%)1
• The level stays above the immunity level for a longer time (it is still 60% at week 24)1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[2 marksmarkah] (e)Seorang kanak-kanak lain diberi suntikan antiserum. Aras antibodi dalam darahnya melonjak serta-merta, kemudian jatuh dalam beberapa minggu. Namakan jenis keimunan yang diperoleh dan nyatakan satu perbezaan antara keimunan ini dengan keimunan Nur.Another child is given an injection of antiserum. The antibody level in her blood shoots up at once and then falls within a few weeks. Name the type of immunity gained and state one difference between this immunity and Nur's.

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• Passive artificial immunity1
• It acts at once but does not last, because the antibodies are ready-made and the body does not make its own, whereas Nur's level rises slowly and stays high for a long time1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[2 marksmarkah] (f)Sebuah poster di hospital itu menyatakan, "Imunkan semua kanak-kanak." Wajarkan kepentingan pengimunan kepada masyarakat dan negara.A poster in the hospital says, "Immunise all children." Justify the importance of immunisation to the community and the nation.

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• Fewer people fall ill, so diseases such as measles and tuberculosis are less likely to spread or to return1
• The cost of health care falls, and work quality and quality of life improve, which benefits the family, society and the economy of the nation1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

For the teacherUntuk guru: EvaluatingMenilai, hightinggi difficultyaras hightinggi, ChapterBab 4, standard 4.2.4

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 86

29

QuestionSoalan 29

Semasa lawatan ke sebuah planetarium, murid-murid mencatat data empat planet daripada paparan kubah. Jadual menunjukkan data itu.

Planet / Planet	Jarak dari Matahari / Distance from the Sun (A.U.)	Jisim / Mass (× Earth)	Graviti / Gravity (m s⁻²)	Suhu permukaan / Surface temperature (°C)
Utarid / Mercury	0.39	0.055	3.7	167
Zuhrah / Venus	0.72	0.815	8.87	457
Musytari / Jupiter	5.19	317.8	24.79	−153
Neptun / Neptune	30	17.147	11.15	−225

During a visit to a planetarium, the pupils note down data for four planets from the display on the dome. The table shows the data.

[1 markmarkah] (a)Planet yang manakah mempunyai suhu permukaan yang paling tinggi?Which planet has the highest surface temperature?

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• Venus1

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[2 marksmarkah] (b)Utarid lebih dekat dengan Matahari daripada Zuhrah, tetapi Zuhrah lebih panas. Terangkan mengapa.Mercury is nearer to the Sun than Venus, but Venus is hotter. Explain why.

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• Venus has a thick atmosphere of mostly carbon dioxide that traps heat (greenhouse effect)1
• Mercury has no atmosphere to hold the heat, so its temperature falls on the side away from the Sun1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[2 marksmarkah] (c)Hitung jarak Neptun dari Matahari dalam km. (1 A.U. = 1.5 × 10⁸ km)Calculate the distance of Neptune from the Sun in km. (1 A.U. = 1.5 × 10⁸ km)

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• 30 × 1.5 × 10⁸1
• 4.5 × 10⁹ km1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[2 marksmarkah] (d)Cahaya bergerak pada kelajuan 300 000 km s⁻¹. Hitung masa, dalam saat, yang diambil oleh cahaya untuk bergerak dari Matahari ke Musytari. (1 A.U. = 1.5 × 10⁸ km)Light travels at 300 000 km s⁻¹. Calculate the time, in seconds, that light takes to travel from the Sun to Jupiter. (1 A.U. = 1.5 × 10⁸ km)

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• Distance = 5.19 × 1.5 × 10⁸ = 7.785 × 10⁸ km1
• Time = 7.785 × 10⁸ ÷ 300 000 = 2 595 s (accept 2 600 s)1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[1 markmarkah] (e)Mengapakah graviti di Musytari jauh lebih tinggi daripada graviti di Neptun?Why is the gravity on Jupiter much higher than the gravity on Neptune?

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• Jupiter has a much larger mass (about 318 times the Earth's, against about 17 times for Neptune)1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[2 marksmarkah] (f)Seorang murid berkata bahawa Zuhrah, "kembar Bumi", juga sesuai untuk kehidupan. Nilaikan kenyataan itu dengan menyatakan dua sebab Bumi lebih sesuai untuk kehidupan.A pupil says that Venus, the "twin of the Earth", is also suitable for life. Evaluate this statement by giving two reasons why the Earth is more suitable for life.

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Any 2 pointsMana-mana 2 isi

• The statement is not correct: the temperature of Venus (457 °C) is far too high for living things, whereas the Earth has a suitable temperature range1
• The atmosphere of Venus is mostly carbon dioxide with no liquid water, whereas the Earth has plenty of water and enough oxygen for respiration1
• The Earth also has an atmosphere that blocks harmful ultraviolet rays and receives enough sunlight for photosynthesis (accept any other correct feature)1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

For the teacherUntuk guru: UnderstandingMemahami, lowrendah difficultyaras lowrendah, ChapterBab 12, standard 12.1.3

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 258

30

QuestionSoalan 30

Encik Halim memasang litar elektrik di sebuah pondok rehat tepi sungai. Rajah 6 menunjukkan dua lampu, L1 dan L2, yang masing-masing mempunyai rintangan 480 Ω, dan sebuah kipas yang mempunyai rintangan 240 Ω, disambung kepada bekalan 240 V. Setiap alat mempunyai suisnya sendiri dan semua suis ditutup.Encik Halim installs an electric circuit in a rest hut beside the river. Diagram 6 shows two lamps, L1 and L2, each with a resistance of 480 Ω, and a fan with a resistance of 240 Ω, connected to a 240 V supply. Each appliance has its own switch and all the switches are closed.

[1 markmarkah] (a)Namakan jenis litar dalam Rajah 6.Name the type of circuit in Diagram 6.

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• Parallel circuit1

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[1 markmarkah] (b)Nyatakan satu kelebihan litar selari berbanding litar siri untuk pendawaian rumah.State one advantage of a parallel circuit over a series circuit for the wiring of a house.

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Any 1 pointsMana-mana 1 isi

• Each appliance can be switched on or off separately1
• If one appliance is damaged the others keep working / each appliance receives the full voltage of the supply1

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[2 marksmarkah] (c)Hitung arus yang mengalir melalui kipas.Calculate the current flowing through the fan.

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• I = V ÷ R = 240 ÷ 2401
• 1.0 A1

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[2 marksmarkah] (d)Hitung bacaan ammeter A apabila kedua-dua lampu dan kipas dihidupkan.Calculate the reading of ammeter A when both lamps and the fan are on.

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• Current in each lamp = 240 ÷ 480 = 0.5 A; total = 0.5 + 0.5 + 1.01
• 2.0 A1

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[1 markmarkah] (e)Suis S1 dibuka. Nyatakan bacaan ammeter A.Switch S1 is opened. State the reading of ammeter A.

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• 1.5 A (0.5 + 1.0; the other branches are not affected)1

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[3 marksmarkah] (f)Sebuah pemanas dengan rintangan 60 Ω disambung selari kepada litar itu dan dihidupkan. (i) Hitung arus yang mengalir melalui pemanas itu. (ii) Nyatakan kesan terhadap rintangan berkesan litar itu. (iii) Nyatakan arus melalui kipas dan berikan sebab.A heater with a resistance of 60 Ω is connected in parallel to the circuit and switched on. (i) Calculate the current flowing through the heater. (ii) State the effect on the effective resistance of the circuit. (iii) State the current through the fan and give a reason.

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• (i) 240 ÷ 60 = 4.0 A1
• (ii) The effective resistance decreases (a new path is added in parallel)1
• (iii) 1.0 A, unchanged, because the voltage across the fan is still 240 V1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

[2 marksmarkah] (g)Wayar litar itu hanya selamat membawa arus maksimum 5 A. Nilaikan sama ada selamat untuk menghidupkan kedua-dua lampu, kipas dan pemanas itu serentak. Tunjukkan jalan kerja dan cadangkan satu cara untuk memastikan keselamatan.The wires of the circuit can safely carry a maximum current of only 5 A. Evaluate whether it is safe to switch on both lamps, the fan and the heater at the same time. Show your working and suggest one way to make the circuit safe.

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• Total current = 0.5 + 0.5 + 1.0 + 4.0 = 6.0 A, which is more than 5 A, so it is not safe (the wires will overheat)1
• Do not switch on the heater together with the other appliances (or use thicker wires that can carry a larger current)1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

For the teacherUntuk guru: EvaluatingMenilai, hightinggi difficultyaras hightinggi, ChapterBab 7, standard 7.2.1

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 157

31

QuestionSoalan 31

Di sebuah planetarium, Faris melihat gambar tiga jenis galaksi, P, Q dan R, pada skrin kubah (Rajah 7). Dia juga menerima carta yang menunjukkan suhu permukaan empat bintang, W, X, Y dan Z.

Bintang / Star	W	X	Y	Z
Suhu permukaan / Surface temperature (K)	3 200	5 500	8 800	28 000

At a planetarium, Faris sees pictures of three types of galaxy, P, Q and R, on the dome screen (Diagram 7). He also receives a chart showing the surface temperatures of four stars, W, X, Y and Z.

[3 marksmarkah] (a)Namakan jenis galaksi P, Q dan R.Name the types of galaxy P, Q and R.

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• P: elliptical1
• Q: spiral1
• R: irregular1

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[2 marksmarkah] (b)Bima Sakti mempunyai bentuk yang sama dengan salah satu daripada galaksi P, Q atau R. Pilih galaksi itu dan nyatakan kedudukan sistem suria dalam Bima Sakti.The Milky Way has the same shape as one of the galaxies P, Q or R. Choose that galaxy and state the position of the solar system in the Milky Way.

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• Q (the Milky Way is a spiral galaxy)1
• The solar system is at the edge of one of the spiral arms1

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[1 markmarkah] (c)Bintang lahir daripada awan gas dan debu yang besar. Namakan awan itu.Stars are born from a large cloud of gas and dust. Name the cloud.

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• Nebula1

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[2 marksmarkah] (d)Matahari ialah bintang bersaiz sederhana. Tulis tiga peringkat selepas nebula dalam kitar hayat Matahari mengikut urutan.The Sun is a medium-sized star. Write, in order, the three stages that follow the nebula in the life cycle of the Sun.

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• Star (protostar) → red giant1
• → white dwarf (the three stages in the correct order)1

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[2 marksmarkah] (e)Nyatakan warna bintang W dan bintang Z.State the colour of star W and of star Z.

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• W: red (below 3 500 K)1
• Z: blue (above 25 000 K)1

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[2 marksmarkah] (f)Faris berkata, "Bintang A kelihatan lebih terang di langit malam daripada bintang B, jadi bintang A mesti lebih besar daripada bintang B." Nilaikan kenyataan itu.Faris says, "Star A looks brighter in the night sky than star B, so star A must be bigger than star B." Evaluate this statement.

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• The statement is not always correct: the brightness of a star depends on its size, its distance from the Earth and its surface temperature, not on its size alone1
• A small star that is near the Earth can look brighter than a huge star that is very far away1

Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.

For the teacherUntuk guru: EvaluatingMenilai, mediumsederhana difficultyaras mediumsederhana, ChapterBab 11, standard 11.1.1

TextbookBuku teks p.ms. 241

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