Practice paper, not an official KPM paper
55
Ujian Akhir Sesi AkademikEnd of Academic Session Test
SainsScience
Tingkatan 3, 2 jam / 2 hours, 100 marks
Nama / Name
Kelas / Class
Tarikh / Date
Markah / Marks: / 100
Instructions
- Kertas soalan ini mengandungi tiga bahagian: Bahagian A, Bahagian B dan Bahagian C.This question paper consists of three sections: Section A, Section B and Section C.
- Jawab semua soalan.Answer all questions.
- Bahagian A: pilih satu jawapan bagi setiap soalan.Section A: choose one answer for each question.
- Bahagian B dan C: tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan. Tunjukkan jalan kerja jika perlu.Sections B and C: write your answers in the spaces provided. Show your working where it helps.
- Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan.The diagrams in this paper are not drawn to scale unless stated.
- Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik.You may use a scientific calculator.
Answer schemes are in English (DLP).
Practice shows answers as you go. Exam times you and hides answers until you submit.
Bahagian ASection A
20 marksJawab semua soalan. Setiap soalan diikuti oleh empat pilihan jawapan, A, B, C dan D. Pilih satu jawapan sahaja.Answer all questions. Each question is followed by four options, A, B, C and D. Choose one answer only.
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Question 1
Seorang tukang masak berjalan dari stor yang malap ke dapur yang sangat terang. Perubahan manakah berlaku pada matanya?A cook walks from a dim storeroom into a brightly lit kitchen. Which change happens in her eyes?
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B
In bright light the iris makes the pupil smaller. This is an involuntary response that protects the retina from excessive light. In dim light the pupil becomes larger.
2
Question 2
Sebiji benih kacang dicambahkan di atas kapas lembap di dalam pinggan Petri. Pinggan itu diletakkan secara mengufuk di dalam almari yang gelap. Beberapa hari kemudian, apakah arah pertumbuhan pucuk dan akar?A bean seed is germinated on moist cotton wool in a Petri dish. The dish is placed on its side in a dark cupboard. After a few days, in which directions do the shoot and the root grow?
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C
Light is not a stimulus in the dark cupboard, so only gravity acts. Shoots show negative geotropism (grow up) and roots show positive geotropism (grow down).
3
Question 3
Seorang tukang roti menarik nafas dalam-dalam sebelum meniup lilin pada sebiji kek. Apakah yang berlaku di dalam badannya semasa menyedut udara?A baker takes a deep breath before blowing out the candles on a cake. What happens in her body during inhalation?
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A
During inhalation the intercostal muscles contract, the rib cage moves up and out and the diaphragm contracts and moves down. The volume of the thoracic cavity increases, so the air pressure falls below that of the outside air and air rushes in.
4
Question 4
Seorang tukang masak membakar satay menggunakan arang di dalam dapur kecil yang tertutup. Selepas beberapa lama, dia berasa pening dan letih. Pernyataan manakah menerangkan keadaannya dengan paling tepat?A cook grills satay over charcoal in a small closed kitchen. After some time she feels dizzy and tired. Which statement best explains her condition?
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D
Burning charcoal in poor ventilation releases carbon monoxide. It combines with haemoglobin to form stable carboxyhaemoglobin, so less oxyhaemoglobin is formed and the cells do not get enough oxygen. A is a cigarette-smoke effect, and B and C describe reactions that do not happen.
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Question 5
Salur darah X mempunyai dinding yang tebal dan berotot, lumen yang kecil, tiada injap, dan nadi boleh dirasai padanya. Apakah X?Blood vessel X has a thick muscular wall and a small lumen, has no valves, and a pulse can be felt on it. What is X?
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B
An artery has a thick, muscular, elastic wall to withstand high pressure, a small lumen and no valves, and a pulse is detected on it. A vein has valves and a large lumen. A capillary has a wall one cell thick.
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Question 6
Seorang tukang masak meletakkan batang saderi segar di dalam air berwarna merah selama dua jam. Kemudian dia memotong batang itu secara rentas. Tisu manakah yang diwarnai merah dan apakah yang diangkutnya?A chef places a fresh celery stalk in red-coloured water for two hours. She then cuts the stalk across. Which tissue is stained red and what does it transport?
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A
The coloured water moves up through the xylem, which transports water and dissolved mineral salts from the roots to the leaves (textbook activity 3.8). The phloem transports sucrose from the leaves.
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Question 7
Kuarza digunakan untuk membuat bekas kaca kalis haba untuk membakar kek. Unsur manakah yang bergabung dalam kuarza (silikon dioksida)?Quartz is used to make heat-resistant glass bakeware. Which elements are combined in quartz (silicon dioxide)?
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C
The scientific name tells the elements: silicon dioxide is silicon combined with oxygen (-ide ending, two elements; textbook Table 4.1).
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Question 8
Sebuah bengkel mengekstrak logam daripada oksidanya dengan memanaskan oksida itu bersama karbon. Oksida manakah boleh diturunkan dengan cara ini?A workshop extracts a metal from its oxide by heating the oxide with carbon. Which oxide can be reduced in this way?
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D
Carbon can only remove oxygen from the oxides of metals below it in the reactivity series (Zn, Fe, Sn, Pb). Aluminium, magnesium and calcium are above carbon, so their oxides cannot be reduced by carbon.
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Question 9
Oksida logam T diturunkan apabila dipanaskan dengan karbon, tetapi tidak dapat diturunkan oleh gas hidrogen. Logam manakah ialah T?The oxide of metal T is reduced when heated with carbon, but it cannot be reduced by hydrogen gas. Which metal is T?
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B
In the series K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, C, Zn, H, Fe, Sn, Pb, Cu... only zinc lies below carbon but above hydrogen. Iron and lead are reduced by both carbon and hydrogen; aluminium is reduced by neither.
10
Question 10
Antara proses di dapur berikut, yang manakah ialah tindak balas eksotermik?Which of the following processes in a kitchen is an exothermic reaction?
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A
Burning a fuel (combustion) releases heat. Baking a cake, dissolving an ammonium salt and photosynthesis all absorb heat, so they are endothermic.
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Question 11
Rajah 1 menunjukkan suhu campuran apabila tiga spatula ammonium nitrat dilarutkan dalam air di dalam sebuah cawan polistirena. Pernyataan manakah betul?Diagram 1 shows the temperature of the mixture when three spatulas of ammonium nitrate are dissolved in water in a polystyrene cup. Which statement is correct?
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C
The temperature falls from 29 °C to a minimum of 18 °C, a drop of 29 − 18 = 11 °C. Heat is absorbed from the water, so the reaction is endothermic. 18 °C is the final temperature, not the drop.
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Question 12
Antara berikut, baris manakah menunjukkan warna wayar yang betul bagi palam 3 pin sebuah cerek elektrik?Which row shows the correct colours of the wires in the 3-pin plug of an electric kettle?
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D
The international colour code is live = brown, neutral = blue and earth = green and yellow stripes (textbook Figure 6.32).
13
Question 13
Sebuah transformer di dalam bengkel menurunkan voltan 240 V kepada 15 V. Gegelung primer mempunyai 800 lilitan. Berapakah bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder?A transformer in a workshop changes 240 V to 15 V. The primary coil has 800 turns. How many turns does the secondary coil have?
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B
Vp/Vs = Np/Ns, so Ns = Np × Vs / Vp = 800 × 15 / 240 = 50 turns (a step-down transformer, so Ns is less than Np). 12 800 comes from turning the ratio upside down.
14
Question 14
Seorang tukang masak mengangkat sebuah periuk berjisim 4 kg dari lantai ke atas rak setinggi 1.5 m dalam masa 3 s. Berapakah kuasa yang digunakan? (g = 10 N kg⁻¹)A cook lifts a pot of mass 4 kg from the floor onto a shelf 1.5 m high in 3 s. What is the power used? (g = 10 N kg⁻¹)
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A
Weight = 4 × 10 = 40 N. Work done = 40 × 1.5 = 60 J. Power = 60 ÷ 3 = 20 W. 60 W is the work in joules, not the power.
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Question 15
Sebiji bola besi berjisim 0.5 kg dilepaskan dari keadaan pegun daripada ketinggian 3.2 m di atas lantai bengkel. Abaikan rintangan udara. Berapakah laju bola itu sebelum mengenai lantai? (g = 10 m s⁻²)An iron ball of mass 0.5 kg is released from rest from a height of 3.2 m above a workshop floor. Ignore air resistance. What is the speed of the ball just before it hits the floor? (g = 10 m s⁻²)
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D
Loss of gravitational P.E. = mgh = 0.5 × 10 × 3.2 = 16 J, all of which becomes kinetic energy. ½ × 0.5 × v² = 16, so v² = 64 and v = 8 m s⁻¹. 16 is the energy in joules, not the speed.
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Question 16
Sampel radioisotop yang digunakan dalam sebuah hospital mempunyai keaktifan 800 Bq. Separuh hayatnya ialah 6 jam. Berapakah keaktifannya selepas 24 jam?A radioisotope sample used in a hospital has an activity of 800 Bq. Its half-life is 6 hours. What is its activity after 24 hours?
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C
24 ÷ 6 = 4 half-lives. 800 → 400 → 200 → 100 → 50 Bq.
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Question 17
Sebuah sumber radioaktif diletakkan di hadapan alat pembilang Geiger. Jadual 1 menunjukkan bilangan kiraan seminit (selepas ditolak sinaran latar) apabila bahan penghalang yang berbeza diletakkan di antara sumber dengan alat itu.
Apakah jenis sinaran yang dipancarkan oleh sumber itu?A radioactive source is placed in front of a Geiger counter. Table 1 shows the counts per minute (after the background count is subtracted) when different absorbers are placed between the source and the counter. What type of radiation does the source emit?
| Bahan penghalang / Absorber | Kiraan seminit / Counts per minute |
|---|---|
| Tiada / None | 640 |
| Kertas / Paper | 636 |
| Aluminium 3 mm | 631 |
| Plumbum 10 cm / Lead 10 cm | 12 |
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C
The counts barely fall with paper or 3 mm aluminium, so the radiation is not alpha (stopped by paper) or beta (stopped by about 3 mm aluminium). Only thick lead cuts it sharply, which is gamma radiation.
18
Question 18
Mengapakah tompok Matahari kelihatan gelap pada permukaan Matahari?Why do sunspots look dark on the surface of the Sun?
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B
Sunspots are cooler than the surrounding granules, so they look dark, but they are still thousands of degrees hot. They are not holes or empty regions.
19
Question 19
Satu nyalaan suria dan satu lentingan jisim korona berlaku serentak pada pukul 9.00 pagi hari Jumaat. Pernyataan manakah betul?A solar flare and a coronal mass ejection happen together at 9.00 a.m. on Friday. Which statement is correct?
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A
Light from a flare takes 8 minutes to reach Earth, so it is seen at 9.08 a.m. Particles of a CME are charged gas and travel much more slowly, taking about 3 days (textbook p. 260).
20
Question 20
Model manakah dicadangkan oleh Kepler?Which model was proposed by Kepler?
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D
Kepler kept the Sun at the centre (heliocentric) but showed that the planets move in elliptical orbits, giving the modified heliocentric model. Ptolemy: geocentric, circular. Copernicus: heliocentric, circular.
Bahagian BSection B
20 marksJawab semua soalan. Pilih jawapan yang betul bagi setiap bahagian soalan.Answer all questions. Choose the correct answer for each part of the question.
21
Question 21
Dr. Salmah menerangkan bagaimana oksigen yang disedut oleh seorang tukang masak diangkut ke selnya. Pilih jawapan yang betul bagi setiap pernyataan.Dr Salmah explains how the oxygen breathed in by a cook is carried to her cells. Choose the correct answer for each statement.
[1 mark]
(a)Oksigen bergerak dari alveolus ke dalam darah melalui proses __________.Oxygen moves from the alveolus into the blood by __________.
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diffusion
Gases move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration by diffusion.
[1 mark]
(b)Dalam sel darah merah, oksigen bergabung dengan hemoglobin untuk membentuk __________.In the red blood cells, oxygen combines with haemoglobin to form __________.
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oxyhaemoglobin
Haemoglobin + oxygen → oxyhaemoglobin (bright red). Carboxyhaemoglobin is formed with carbon monoxide.
[1 mark]
(c)Dinding alveolus yang nipis, selapis sel, menjadikan pertukaran gas __________.The thin, one-cell-thick wall of the alveolus makes gaseous exchange __________.
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faster
Gases diffuse across a very short distance, so diffusion is faster.
[1 mark]
(d)Respirasi sel di dalam sel menukarkan glukosa dan oksigen kepada karbon dioksida, air dan __________.Cell respiration in the cells changes glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water and __________.
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energy
Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy.
22
Question 22
Rina menjalankan eksperimen di dapur sekolah. Dia mencampurkan bahan di dalam cawan polistirena dan merekodkan suhu. Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusannya.
Pilih jawapan yang betul.Rina carries out an experiment in the school kitchen. She mixes substances in a polystyrene cup and records the temperature. Table 2 shows her results. Choose the correct answer.
| Campuran / Mixture | Suhu awal / Initial temperature (°C) | Suhu akhir / Final temperature (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| W | 27 | 36 |
| X | 27 | 21 |
[1 mark]
(a)Tindak balas dalam campuran W ialah tindak balas __________.The reaction in mixture W is an __________ reaction.
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exothermic
The temperature rises from 27 °C to 36 °C, so heat is released into the surroundings.
[1 mark]
(b)Dalam campuran X, haba __________.In mixture X, heat is __________.
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absorbed from the surroundings
The temperature falls from 27 °C to 21 °C, so heat is absorbed from the surroundings (the water).
[1 mark]
(c)Pek sejuk segera yang digunakan untuk menghentikan pendarahan sesuai dibuat daripada campuran jenis __________.An instant cold pack used to help stop bleeding is suitable to be made from a mixture of type __________.
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X
A cold pack must absorb heat (endothermic), like mixture X.
[1 mark]
(d)Respirasi sel yang membebaskan haba ke dalam badan ialah tindak balas eksotermik.Cell respiration, which releases heat into the body, is an exothermic reaction.
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True
Respiration releases energy as heat, so body temperature rises during vigorous exercise; it is an exothermic reaction.
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Question 23
Seorang tukang masak menolak troli makanan dengan daya 50 N sejauh 6 m dalam masa 10 s. Pilih jawapan yang betul. (g = 10 m s⁻²)A chef pushes a food trolley with a force of 50 N for a distance of 6 m in 10 s. Choose the correct answer. (g = 10 m s⁻²)
[1 mark]
(a)Kerja yang dilakukan oleh tukang masak itu ialah __________.The work done by the chef is __________.
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300 J
Work = force × displacement = 50 × 6 = 300 J.
[1 mark]
(b)Kuasa yang digunakan ialah __________.The power used is __________.
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30 W
Power = work ÷ time = 300 ÷ 10 = 30 W.
[1 mark]
(c)Sebiji bola berjisim 2 kg bergerak dengan laju 3 m s⁻¹ di atas meja. Tenaga kinetiknya ialah __________.A 2 kg ball moves at a speed of 3 m s⁻¹ on a table. Its kinetic energy is __________.
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9 J
E_k = ½mv² = ½ × 2 × 3² = 9 J. 18 J is what you get if you forget the half.
[1 mark]
(d)Spring yang dimampatkan menyimpan tenaga __________.A compressed spring stores __________ energy.
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elastic potential
A stretched or compressed elastic material has elastic potential energy, E = ½Fx.
24
Question 24
Rajah 2 menunjukkan keratan rentas Matahari. Pilih jawapan yang betul bagi setiap bahagian soalan.Diagram 2 shows a cross section of the Sun. Choose the correct answer for each part of the question.
[1 mark]
(a)Namakan bahagian P.Name part P.
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Core
P is the centre of the Sun: the core, where hydrogen nuclei combine to make helium.
[1 mark]
(b)Namakan bahagian Q.Name part Q.
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Convection zone
From the centre outwards: core, radiation zone, convection zone. Q is the third ring, the convection zone.
[1 mark]
(c)Namakan bahagian R.Name part R.
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Corona
R is the outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere: the corona.
[1 mark]
(d)Tompok Matahari dan granul terdapat pada __________.Sunspots and granules are found on the __________.
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photosphere
Granules make up the photosphere, and sunspots are dark regions on the photosphere.
25
Question 25
Pilih jawapan yang betul tentang penerokaan angkasa lepas.Choose the correct answer about space exploration.
[1 mark]
(a)Satelit buatan pertama, Sputnik 1, dilancarkan oleh __________.The first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched by the __________.
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USSR
Sputnik 1 (1957) was launched by the USSR.
[1 mark]
(b)Kapal angkasa yang mengumpul maklumat dan bergerak jauh ke Sistem Suria tanpa mengorbit Bumi dinamakan __________.A spacecraft that gathers information and travels far into the Solar System without orbiting Earth is called a __________.
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space probe
A satellite orbits Earth. A space probe travels to other bodies in the Solar System and sends information back.
[1 mark]
(c)Mikrosatelit pertama Malaysia ialah __________.Malaysia's first microsatellite was __________.
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TiungSAT-1
TiungSAT-1 was launched in 2000 (textbook Figure 10.2).
[1 mark]
(d)Teleskop angkasa seperti Hubble dapat mencerap objek jauh dengan lebih jelas daripada teleskop di Bumi kerana ia berada __________ atmosfera Bumi.A space telescope such as Hubble can observe distant objects more clearly than a telescope on Earth because it is __________ the Earth's atmosphere.
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above
The Hubble orbits about 500 km above the surface, so it observes distant objects more clearly than telescopes on the ground.
Bahagian CSection C
60 marksJawab semua soalan. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan.Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
26
Question 26
Siti menanam anak benih kacang hijau yang sama saiz dalam empat bekas di tepi tingkap dapur. Cahaya hanya masuk dari sebelah kanan. Dia merawat anak benih itu seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 3 dan mengukur sudut lenturan pucuk selepas lima hari.
Siti plants mung bean seedlings of the same size in four containers beside a kitchen window. Light enters only from the right. She treats the seedlings as shown in Table 3 and measures the angle of bending of the shoot after five days.
| Anak benih / Seedling | Rawatan / Treatment | Sudut lenturan ke arah cahaya / Angle of bending towards light (°) |
|---|---|---|
| A | Tiada rawatan / No treatment | 40 |
| B | Hujung pucuk ditutup dengan kerajang aluminium / Shoot tip covered with aluminium foil | 0 |
| C | Hujung pucuk dipotong / Shoot tip cut off | 0 |
| D | Bahagian bawah pucuk ditutup dengan kerajang aluminium / Lower part of the shoot covered with aluminium foil | 38 |
[1 mark]
(a)Nyatakan pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan.State the manipulated variable.
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[1 mark]
(b)Nyatakan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.State the responding variable.
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[1 mark]
(c)Nyatakan satu pemboleh ubah dimalarkan.State one constant variable.
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Any 1 points
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[2 marks]
(d)Bahagian manakah pada pucuk yang peka terhadap cahaya? Beri satu sebab berdasarkan Jadual 3.Which part of the shoot detects the light? Give one reason based on Table 3.
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[2 marks]
(e)Terangkan mengapa pucuk anak benih A membengkok ke arah cahaya.Explain why the shoot of seedling A bends towards the light.
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[1 mark]
(f)Anak benih A dipusingkan 90° dan diletakkan dalam almari gelap secara mengufuk. Nyatakan arah pertumbuhan pucuknya selepas beberapa hari dan namakan sambutan itu.Seedling A is turned through 90° and placed on its side in a dark cupboard. State the direction in which its shoot grows after some days and name the response.
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27
Question 27
Rina menjalankan Eksperimen 5.1 di dapur sekolah. Dia menuang 25 mL asid hidroklorik ke dalam cawan polistirena, merekodkan suhu awal, kemudian menambah 25 mL larutan natrium hidroksida dan mengacau. Rajah 3 menunjukkan suhu campuran setiap minit. Jadual 4 menunjukkan keputusan tiga campuran lain.
Rina carries out Experiment 5.1 in the school kitchen. She pours 25 mL of hydrochloric acid into a polystyrene cup, records the initial temperature, then adds 25 mL of sodium hydroxide solution and stirs. Diagram 3 shows the temperature of the mixture every minute. Table 4 shows the results of three other mixtures.
| Campuran / Mixture | Bahan / Substances | Suhu awal / Initial (°C) | Suhu akhir / Final (°C) |
|---|---|---|---|
| P | Kalsium klorida + air / Calcium chloride + water | 28 | 39 |
| Q | Ammonium klorida + air / Ammonium chloride + water | 28 | 20 |
| R | Asid hidroklorik + natrium hidrogen karbonat / Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydrogen carbonate | 28 | 23 |
[2 marks]
(a)Berdasarkan Rajah 3, nyatakan jenis tindak balas antara asid hidroklorik dengan larutan natrium hidroksida. Beri satu sebab.Based on Diagram 3, state the type of reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution. Give one reason.
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[1 mark]
(b)Pada minit ke berapakah suhu maksimum dicapai?At which minute is the maximum temperature reached?
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[1 mark]
(c)Mengapakah suhu kekal pada 38 °C selepas minit itu?Why does the temperature stay at 38 °C after that minute?
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[2 marks]
(d)Pilih satu campuran dalam Jadual 4 yang sesuai untuk membuat pek sejuk segera. Hitung perubahan suhu campuran itu.Choose one mixture in Table 4 that is suitable for making an instant cold pack. Calculate the change in temperature of that mixture.
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[2 marks]
(e)Cadangkan satu cara untuk membuat bacaan suhu maksimum atau minimum lebih tepat. Terangkan.Suggest one way to make the reading of the maximum or minimum temperature more accurate. Explain.
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28
Question 28
Lia mengkaji transpirasi pada empat pasu pokok pudina yang serupa, A, B, C dan D. Tanah dalam setiap pasu ditutup dengan kepingan plastik. Setiap pasu ditimbang sebelum dan selepas 3 jam. Jadual 5 menunjukkan keputusan.
Lia investigates transpiration using four identical pots of mint plants, A, B, C and D. The soil in each pot is covered with a plastic sheet. Each pot is weighed before and after 3 hours. Table 5 shows the results.
| Set | Keadaan / Condition | Pengurangan jisim / Decrease in mass (g) |
|---|---|---|
| A | Tempat teduh, udara tidak bergerak / Shade, still air | 9 |
| B | Cahaya matahari, udara tidak bergerak / Sunlight, still air | 24 |
| C | Cahaya matahari, ditiup kipas / Sunlight, blown by a fan | 36 |
| D | Cahaya matahari, pokok ditutup beg plastik lut sinar / Sunlight, plant covered with a clear plastic bag | 5 |
[1 mark]
(a)Apakah maksud transpirasi?What is meant by transpiration?
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[2 marks]
(b)Hitung kadar transpirasi bagi set C dalam g setiap minit.Calculate the rate of transpiration of set C in g per minute.
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[1 mark]
(c)Set-set manakah dibandingkan untuk mengkaji kesan pergerakan udara terhadap kadar transpirasi?Which two sets are compared to investigate the effect of air movement on the rate of transpiration?
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[2 marks]
(d)Terangkan mengapa set D kehilangan jisim yang paling sedikit.Explain why set D lost the least mass.
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[1 mark]
(e)Mengapakah tanah ditutup dengan kepingan plastik?Why is the soil covered with a plastic sheet?
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[1 mark]
(f)Namakan tisu yang mengangkut air dari akar ke daun.Name the tissue that transports water from the roots to the leaves.
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[2 marks]
(g)Set B kehilangan jisim lebih banyak daripada set A. Terangkan mengapa.Set B lost more mass than set A. Explain why.
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29
Question 29
Sebuah bengkel menggunakan sumber radioaktif S untuk memeriksa ketebalan kepingan logam nipis. Rajah 4 menunjukkan keaktifan sampel S terhadap masa.A workshop uses a radioactive source S to check the thickness of thin metal sheets. Diagram 4 shows the activity of sample S against time.
[1 mark]
(a)Reputan radioaktif bersifat spontan. Apakah maksud spontan?Radioactive decay is spontaneous. What is meant by spontaneous?
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[2 marks]
(b)Tentukan separuh hayat S. Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda memperoleh jawapan anda.Determine the half-life of S. Show on the graph how you obtained your answer.
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[1 mark]
(c)Berapakah keaktifan S pada minit ke-100?What is the activity of S at the 100th minute?
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[2 marks]
(d)Berapa lamakah masa yang diambil supaya keaktifan S susut kepada 15 Bq?How long does it take for the activity of S to fall to 15 Bq?
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[2 marks]
(e)Sinaran beta digunakan untuk memeriksa ketebalan kepingan aluminium yang nipis. Terangkan mengapa sinaran alfa dan sinaran gama tidak sesuai digunakan.Beta radiation is used to check the thickness of thin aluminium sheets. Explain why alpha radiation and gamma radiation are not suitable.
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[2 marks]
(f)Nyatakan dua langkah keselamatan semasa mengendalikan sumber radioaktif itu.State two safety measures when handling the radioactive source.
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30
Question 30
Encik Hafiz, seorang tukang kimpal, ingin mengetahui kereaktifan lima logam, P, Q, R, S dan T. Dalam Eksperimen 1, 0.5 g serbuk setiap logam dipanaskan dalam oksigen. Dalam Eksperimen 2, setiap oksida logam dicampur dengan serbuk karbon dan dipanaskan dengan kuat. Jadual 6 dan Jadual 7 menunjukkan keputusannya.
Encik Hafiz, a welder, wants to know the reactivity of five metals, P, Q, R, S and T. In Experiment 1, 0.5 g of each metal powder is heated in oxygen. In Experiment 2, each metal oxide is mixed with carbon powder and heated strongly. Table 6 and Table 7 show the results.
| Logam / Metal | Pemerhatian dalam Eksperimen 1 / Observation in Experiment 1 |
|---|---|
| P | Terbakar sangat cepat dengan nyalaan yang terang / Burns very quickly with a bright flame |
| Q | Membara malap / Glows dimly |
| R | Terbakar perlahan-lahan / Burns slowly |
| S | Membara dengan terang / Glows brightly |
| T | Terbakar cepat dengan nyalaan yang terang / Burns quickly with a bright flame |
| Oksida / Oxide | Pemerhatian dalam Eksperimen 2 / Observation in Experiment 2 |
|---|---|
| Oksida P / Oxide of P | Tiada perubahan / No change |
| Oksida Q / Oxide of Q | Logam Q dan karbon dioksida terbentuk / Metal Q and carbon dioxide formed |
| Oksida R / Oxide of R | Logam R dan karbon dioksida terbentuk / Metal R and carbon dioxide formed |
| Oksida S / Oxide of S | Logam S dan karbon dioksida terbentuk / Metal S and carbon dioxide formed |
| Oksida T / Oxide of T | Tiada perubahan / No change |
[3 marks]
(a)Nyatakan pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan, pemboleh ubah bergerak balas dan satu pemboleh ubah dimalarkan dalam Eksperimen 1.State the manipulated variable, the responding variable and one constant variable in Experiment 1.
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[1 mark]
(b)Susun logam P, Q, R, S dan T mengikut urutan kereaktifan yang menurun.Arrange metals P, Q, R, S and T in order of decreasing reactivity.
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[1 mark]
(c)Nyatakan satu langkah keselamatan dalam Eksperimen 1.State one safety precaution in Experiment 1.
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[2 marks]
(d)Berdasarkan Eksperimen 2, nyatakan kedudukan karbon dalam susunan logam di (b). Terangkan jawapan anda.Based on Experiment 2, state the position of carbon in the arrangement of the metals in (b). Explain your answer.
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[2 marks]
(e)Logam V terbakar dengan perlahan dan nyalaannya malap, tetapi lebih cergas daripada S. Ramalkan kedudukan V dalam susunan di (b). Bolehkah oksida V diturunkan oleh karbon? Terangkan.Metal V burns slowly with a dim flame, but reacts more vigorously than S. Predict the position of V in the arrangement in (b). Can the oxide of V be reduced by carbon? Explain.
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[3 marks]
(f)Logam U yang baharu tersedia dalam bentuk serbuk dan oksidanya. Reka satu eksperimen untuk menentukan sama ada U lebih reaktif atau kurang reaktif daripada karbon. Nyatakan bahan, langkah dan keputusan yang dijangkakan jika U kurang reaktif daripada karbon.A new metal U is available as a powder and as its oxide. Design an experiment to find out whether U is more reactive or less reactive than carbon. State the materials, the steps and the expected result if U is less reactive than carbon.
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If U is less reactive than carbon, carbon removes the oxygen and metal U forms. If there is no change, U is more reactive than carbon.
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31
Question 31
Sebuah bengkel kecil mempunyai sebuah transformer untuk menyalakan lampu meja kerja berkuasa rendah. Transformer itu menurunkan voltan 240 V kepada 12 V. Gegelung primer mempunyai 1 000 lilitan. Kadar elektrik ialah 40 sen seunit.A small workshop has a transformer to light a low-voltage workbench lamp. The transformer changes 240 V to 12 V. The primary coil has 1 000 turns. The electricity rate is 40 sen per unit.
[1 mark]
(a)Namakan jenis transformer itu.Name the type of this transformer.
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[2 marks]
(b)Hitung bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder.Calculate the number of turns of the secondary coil.
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[1 mark]
(c)Transformer itu tidak berfungsi apabila disambungkan kepada bateri kereta. Terangkan mengapa.The transformer does not work when it is connected to a car battery. Explain why.
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[2 marks]
(d)Sebuah periuk nasi berkadar 600 W, 240 V. Hitung arus yang mengalir melaluinya dan pilih fius yang sesuai daripada 1 A, 3 A, 5 A dan 13 A.A rice cooker is rated 600 W, 240 V. Calculate the current that flows through it and choose a suitable fuse from 1 A, 3 A, 5 A and 13 A.
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[2 marks]
(e)Sebuah ketuhar 2 kW digunakan selama 1.5 jam setiap hari selama 20 hari. Hitung kos tenaga elektrik yang digunakan.A 2 kW oven is used for 1.5 hours every day for 20 days. Calculate the cost of the electrical energy used.
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[2 marks]
(f)Sebuah lampu filamen 60 W diganti dengan lampu LED 8 W yang memberikan kecerahan yang sama. Setiap lampu dinyalakan 5 jam sehari selama 30 hari. Hitung jumlah wang yang dijimatkan.A 60 W filament lamp is replaced with an 8 W LED lamp that gives the same brightness. Each lamp is switched on for 5 hours a day for 30 days. Calculate the amount of money saved.
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[2 marks]
(g)Seorang pekedai berkata lampu LED terlalu mahal. Sebiji lampu LED berharga RM12.50 dan sebiji lampu filamen berharga RM2.50. Nilaikan kenyataan itu menggunakan jawapan anda di (f).A shopkeeper says LED lamps are too expensive. An LED lamp costs RM12.50 and a filament lamp costs RM2.50. Evaluate this statement using your answer in (f).
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Test specification (JSU)
| Chapter | Remembering | Understanding | Applying | Analysing | Evaluating | Creating | Items | marks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Stimuli and responses | – | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (8) | – | – | 3 | 10 |
| 2. Respiration | 1 (1) | 1 (4) | – | 1 (1) | – | – | 3 | 6 |
| 3. Transportation | – | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (10) | – | – | 3 | 12 |
| 4. Reactivity of metals | 2 (2) | – | – | 1 (1) | 1 (12) | – | 4 | 15 |
| 5. Thermochemistry | – | 1 (1) | 3 (13) | – | – | – | 4 | 14 |
| 6. Electricity and magnetism | 1 (1) | – | 1 (1) | – | 1 (12) | – | 3 | 14 |
| 7. Energy and power | – | – | 3 (6) | – | – | – | 3 | 6 |
| 8. Radioactivity | – | – | 1 (1) | 2 (11) | – | – | 3 | 12 |
| 9. Space weather | 2 (5) | – | – | 1 (1) | – | – | 3 | 6 |
| 10. Space exploration | 2 (5) | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 5 |
| Total | 8 (14) | 4 (7) | 10 (23) | 7 (32) | 2 (24) | 0 (0) | 31 | 100 |
Each cell shows items (marks).