Practice paper, not an official KPM paper
55
Ujian Akhir Sesi AkademikEnd of Academic Session Test
SainsScience
Tingkatan 3, 2 jam / 2 hours, 100 marks
Nama / Name
Kelas / Class
Tarikh / Date
Markah / Marks: / 100
Instructions
- Kertas soalan ini mengandungi tiga bahagian: Bahagian A, Bahagian B dan Bahagian C.This question paper consists of three sections: Section A, Section B and Section C.
- Jawab semua soalan.Answer all questions.
- Bahagian A: pilih satu jawapan bagi setiap soalan.Section A: choose one answer for each question.
- Bahagian B dan C: tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan. Tunjukkan jalan kerja jika perlu.Sections B and C: write your answers in the spaces provided. Show your working where it helps.
- Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan.The diagrams in this paper are not drawn to scale unless stated.
- Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik. Ambil g = 10 m s⁻².You may use a scientific calculator. Take g = 10 m s⁻².
Answer schemes are in English (DLP).
Practice shows answers as you go. Exam times you and hides answers until you submit.
Bahagian ASection A
20 marksJawab semua soalan. Setiap soalan diikuti oleh empat pilihan jawapan, A, B, C dan D. Pilih satu jawapan sahaja.Answer all questions. Each question is followed by four options, A, B, C and D. Choose one answer only.
1
Question 1
Azlan tersentuh cerek yang panas di dapur lalu menarik tangannya serta-merta. Antara berikut, yang manakah menunjukkan laluan impuls bagi tindakan ini?Azlan touches a hot kettle in the kitchen and pulls his hand away at once. Which of the following shows the pathway of the impulse for this action?
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B
Withdrawing the hand from a hot object is a reflex action. The impulse goes from the receptor along a nerve to the spinal cord and straight to the effector (muscle) without waiting for the brain. In A the impulse goes through the brain (a voluntary action), C starts at the muscle, and D sends the impulse to the brain.
2
Question 2
Seekor helang mempunyai mata di bahagian hadapan kepalanya, manakala seekor arnab mempunyai mata di kedua-dua sisi kepalanya. Pernyataan manakah yang betul?An eagle has its eyes at the front of its head, while a rabbit has its eyes on the sides of its head. Which statement is correct?
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D
The eagle is a predator with stereoscopic vision (two eyes at the front): a narrower field of view but 3-D vision to judge distance. The rabbit is prey with monocular vision (eyes at the sides): a wide field of view to spot enemies, but poorer judgement of distance.
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Question 3
Daun pokok semalu (Mimosa pudica) di laman rumah Mei Ling melipat apabila disentuh. Dia menyentuh daun itu dari atas, dari bawah dan dari tepi. Pada setiap kali, daun itu melipat dengan cara yang sama dalam beberapa saat. Apakah inferens yang paling sesuai?The leaves of the sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) in Mei Ling's garden fold when touched. She touches a leaf from above, from below and from the side. Each time, the leaf folds in the same way within a few seconds. What is the most suitable inference?
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A
A tropism is a growth response towards or away from the direction of the stimulus. Here the leaf folds quickly in the same way whichever side is touched, so the response is independent of the direction of the stimulus: a nastic movement (thigmonasty). It is a quick folding, not growth.
4
Question 4
Antara berikut, yang manakah berlaku apabila seseorang menyedut udara?Which of the following happens when a person inhales?
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C
On inhalation the intercostal muscles contract, the rib cage moves up and out, and the diaphragm contracts and flattens. The volume of the thoracic cavity increases and the pressure falls below the outside pressure, so air is pushed in. A, B and D describe exhalation or are wrong.
5
Question 5
Salur darah yang manakah membawa darah beroksigen dari paru-paru ke jantung?Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
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A
The pulmonary vein brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs, the vena cava brings deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium, and the aorta takes oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.
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Question 6
Empat pucuk pokok yang serupa diletakkan dalam empat keadaan berbeza di dalam rumah hijau. Pokok yang manakah kehilangan air paling cepat melalui transpirasi?Four identical shoots are placed in four different conditions in a greenhouse. Which shoot loses water the fastest through transpiration?
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D
Transpiration is faster in higher temperature, lower humidity and moving air (wind). Option D has all three. In humid, still air the water vapour builds up around the leaf and transpiration is slow.
7
Question 7
Gas hidrogen dialirkan ke atas serbuk oksida logam yang dipanaskan. Oksida yang manakah tidak berubah?Hydrogen gas is passed over the heated powder of a metal oxide. Which oxide does NOT change?
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C
Hydrogen sits between zinc and iron in the reactivity series. It can take the oxygen from the oxides of copper, lead and iron (below it), but it is less reactive than zinc, so zinc oxide stays unchanged.
8
Question 8
Dalam relau bagas, bahan manakah bertindak menyingkirkan silikon dioksida (pasir) dengan membentuk sanga?In a blast furnace, which substance removes silicon dioxide (sand) by forming slag?
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B
Limestone (calcium carbonate) decomposes to calcium oxide, which reacts with silicon dioxide to form calcium silicate (slag). Coke and carbon monoxide are the reducing agents, and hot air supplies oxygen to burn the coke.
9
Question 9
Antara proses berikut, yang manakah ialah tindak balas eksotermik?Which of the following processes is an exothermic reaction?
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A
Respiration releases heat, so it is exothermic. Photosynthesis, baking a cake and heating calcium carbonate all need heat to be absorbed, so they are endothermic.
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Question 10
Rajah 1 menunjukkan perubahan suhu campuran tindak balas dalam cawan polistirena. Suhu tidak berubah selepas minit kelima. Apakah sebabnya?Diagram 1 shows the change in temperature of a reaction mixture in a polystyrene cup. The temperature does not change after the fifth minute. What is the reason?
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D
The temperature rose, so the reaction is exothermic. The reading stops at a maximum when the mixture and its surroundings are in thermal equilibrium: the net rate of heat transfer is zero. A is wrong (the reaction stays exothermic), B is wrong (polystyrene only slows heat transfer) and C is wrong (the mixture is warmer than the surroundings).
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Question 11
Sebuah transformer di dalam adaptor komputer riba mempunyai 2 000 lilitan pada gegelung primer dan 100 lilitan pada gegelung sekunder. Voltan input ialah 240 V. Berapakah voltan output?A transformer in a laptop adaptor has 2 000 turns in its primary coil and 100 turns in its secondary coil. The input voltage is 240 V. What is the output voltage?
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B
Vp / Vs = Np / Ns, so Vs = 240 × 100 / 2 000 = 12 V. 4 800 V uses Vp × Np / Ns inverted, 24 V is a slip of a factor of 2 and 0.5 V inverts the whole ratio.
12
Question 12
Rajah 2 menunjukkan skrin osiloskop sinar katod (O.S.K.) apabila satu bekalan disambungkan kepada input-Y dengan gandaan-Y 4 V per bahagian dan tapak masa dihidupkan. Apakah jenis arus dan voltan bekalan itu?Diagram 2 shows the screen of a cathode ray oscilloscope (C.R.O.) when a supply is connected to the Y-input with the Y-gain at 4 V per division and the time-base on. What are the type of current and the voltage of the supply?
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C
A straight horizontal line means direct current. Voltage = displacement × Y-gain = 2.5 × 4 = 10 V. The line is below zero because the terminals are connected the other way round. 1.6 V divides instead of multiplying; 2.5 V ignores the Y-gain.
13
Question 13
Zul menarik sebuah troli dengan daya 35 N sejauh 120 cm mengikut arah daya itu. Berapakah kerja yang dilakukan?Zul pulls a trolley with a force of 35 N through 120 cm in the direction of the force. How much work is done?
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D
120 cm = 1.2 m, so W = Fs = 35 × 1.2 = 42 J. 4 200 J uses 120 cm without changing to metres, 155 J adds the numbers and 0.29 J divides force by distance.
14
Question 14
Sebuah motor mengangkat seguni simen berjisim 20 kg setinggi 6 m dalam masa 15 s. Berapakah kuasa motor itu?A motor lifts a sack of cement of mass 20 kg through a height of 6 m in 15 s. What is the power of the motor?
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A
Weight = 20 × 10 = 200 N. Work = 200 × 6 = 1 200 J. Power = 1 200 ÷ 15 = 80 W. 1 200 W is the work in joules, 8 W forgets to change mass to weight and 18 000 W multiplies by the time.
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Question 15
Sebiji bola berjisim 0.5 kg dilepaskan dari ketinggian 3.2 m di atas lantai. Abaikan rintangan udara. Berapakah laju bola itu sebelum mengenai lantai?A ball of mass 0.5 kg is released from a height of 3.2 m above the floor. Ignore air resistance. What is the speed of the ball just before it hits the floor?
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C
Ep = mgh = 0.5 × 10 × 3.2 = 16 J, which all becomes kinetic energy. ½ × 0.5 × v² = 16, so v² = 64 and v = 8 m s⁻¹. 16 m s⁻¹ forgets the square root.
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Question 16
Radiasi manakah yang mempunyai kuasa pengionan paling tinggi tetapi kuasa penembusan paling rendah?Which radiation has the highest ionising power but the lowest penetrating power?
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B
Alpha particles are the most ionising and the least penetrating (stopped by a sheet of paper). Gamma rays are the least ionising and the most penetrating, and beta particles are in between.
17
Question 17
Aktiviti sebuah sumber radioaktif jatuh daripada 2 400 Bq kepada 300 Bq dalam masa 27 jam. Berapakah separuh hayat sumber itu?The activity of a radioactive source falls from 2 400 Bq to 300 Bq in 27 hours. What is the half-life of the source?
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D
2 400 → 1 200 → 600 → 300 takes 3 half-lives. Half-life = 27 ÷ 3 = 9 hours. 13.5 h counts only 2 half-lives; 3 h and 6 h are not supported by the data.
18
Question 18
Apakah yang berlaku di dalam teras Matahari yang membebaskan tenaga Matahari?What happens in the core of the Sun that releases the Sun's energy?
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A
The Sun is made almost entirely of hydrogen and helium. In its core, hydrogen nuclei combine to form helium and this releases the energy of the Sun.
19
Question 19
Satu lentingan jisim korona meletus dari Matahari pada pukul 10.00 pagi, 3 Jun. Bilakah zarah magnetnya dijangka sampai ke Bumi?A coronal mass ejection erupts from the Sun at 10.00 am on 3 June. When are its magnetic particles expected to reach Earth?
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C
The particles of a CME take about 3 days to reach Earth, so about 6 June. Light from the Sun takes 8 minutes (A), and the charged particles of a solar flare take tens of minutes (B).
20
Question 20
Antara berikut, yang manakah mikrosatelit pertama Malaysia?Which of the following was Malaysia's first microsatellite?
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B
TiungSAT-1 was launched in 2000 as Malaysia's first microsatellite. MEASAT-1 and 2 (1996) are telecommunication satellites, Sputnik 1 was the first satellite in the world (USSR, 1957) and Hubble is a space telescope.
Bahagian BSection B
20 marksJawab semua soalan. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan atau pilih jawapan yang betul.Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided or choose the correct answer.
21
Question 21
Azri menderma darah di sebuah hospital. Jawab soalan berikut tentang komponen darah.Azri donates blood at a hospital. Answer the following questions about the components of blood.
[1 mark]
(a)Komponen darah yang manakah membawa oksigen?Which component of blood carries oxygen?
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Red blood cells
Red blood cells contain haemoglobin, which combines with oxygen.
[1 mark]
(b)Komponen manakah membantu darah membeku di tempat luka?Which component helps the blood to clot at a wound?
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Platelets
Platelets help blood clot to stop bleeding.
[1 mark]
(c)Nyatakan satu fungsi sel darah putih.State one function of white blood cells.
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[1 mark]
(d)Darah kumpulan AB boleh diterima oleh pesakit berdarah kumpulan A. Pernyataan ini ____.Blood of group AB can be received by a patient of blood group A. This statement is ____.
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False
Group A plasma contains Anti-B antibodies, which would attack the B antigens on group AB red blood cells. Group AB can only give to group AB.
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Question 22
Nur Ain menjalankan dua tindak balas dalam cawan polistirena. Dalam tindak balas P, asid hidroklorik dicampurkan dengan natrium hidrogen karbonat dan suhu jatuh daripada 29 °C kepada 22 °C. Dalam tindak balas Q, asid hidroklorik dicampurkan dengan larutan natrium hidroksida dan suhu naik daripada 29 °C kepada 38 °C.Nur Ain carries out two reactions in a polystyrene cup. In reaction P, hydrochloric acid is mixed with sodium hydrogen carbonate and the temperature falls from 29 °C to 22 °C. In reaction Q, hydrochloric acid is mixed with sodium hydroxide solution and the temperature rises from 29 °C to 38 °C.
[1 mark]
(a)Tindak balas yang manakah eksotermik?Which reaction is exothermic?
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Q
The temperature rises, so heat is released into the surroundings.
[2 marks]
(b)Berapakah perubahan suhu dalam tindak balas P? Terangkan jenis tindak balas itu dari segi haba.What is the change in temperature in reaction P? Explain the type of reaction in terms of heat.
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[1 mark]
(c)Mengapakah cawan polistirena digunakan dan bukan cawan logam?Why is a polystyrene cup used instead of a metal cup?
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23
Question 23
Sebuah pemanas air di rumah Encik Karim dilabelkan 3 kW, 240 V. Ia digunakan selama 2 jam setiap hari. Kadar elektrik ialah 25 sen setiap unit.A water heater in Encik Karim's house is labelled 3 kW, 240 V. It is used for 2 hours every day. The rate of electricity is 25 sen per unit.
[1 mark]
(a)Hitung arus yang mengalir melalui pemanas itu.Calculate the current flowing through the heater.
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[1 mark]
(b)Fius manakah yang paling sesuai untuk palam pemanas itu?Which fuse is the most suitable for the plug of the heater?
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13 A
The fuse must be slightly higher than the normal current of 12.5 A. 5 A would melt at once and 30 A is too high to protect the heater.
[2 marks]
(c)Hitung kos elektrik untuk menggunakan pemanas itu selama 30 hari.Calculate the cost of electricity for using the heater for 30 days.
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24
Question 24
Fahmi menambahkan asid hidroklorik cair kepada ketulan marmar (kalsium karbonat). Gas yang terbebas dialirkan ke dalam air kapur.Fahmi adds dilute hydrochloric acid to chips of marble (calcium carbonate). The gas given off is passed into limewater.
[1 mark]
(a)Namakan gas yang terbebas.Name the gas given off.
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[1 mark]
(b)Apakah pemerhatian dalam air kapur?What is the observation in the limewater?
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[1 mark]
(c)Tulis persamaan perkataan bagi tindak balas ini.Write the word equation for this reaction.
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[1 mark]
(d)Namakan tiga unsur yang terdapat dalam kalsium karbonat.Name the three elements present in calcium carbonate.
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25
Question 25
Kamal mendengar bunyi azan dari masjid ketika dia berada di rumah. Jawab soalan tentang telinganya.Kamal hears the call to prayer from the mosque while he is at home. Answer the questions about his ear.
[1 mark]
(a)Bahagian telinga yang manakah menukarkan getaran bunyi kepada impuls saraf?Which part of the ear changes sound vibrations into nerve impulses?
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Cochlea
The cochlea in the inner ear converts vibrations into nerve impulses, which go to the brain along the auditory nerve.
[1 mark]
(b)Bahagian telinga yang manakah menyeimbangkan tekanan udara pada kedua-dua belah gegendang telinga?Which part of the ear balances the air pressure on both sides of the eardrum?
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Eustachian tube
The Eustachian tube joins the middle ear to the throat and balances the air pressure.
[1 mark]
(c)Nyatakan fungsi osikel.State the function of the ossicles.
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[1 mark]
(d)Saraf auditori membawa impuls dari koklea ke otak. Pernyataan ini ____.The auditory nerve carries impulses from the cochlea to the brain. This statement is ____.
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True
The auditory nerve sends the impulses from the cochlea to the brain, which interprets them as sound.
Bahagian CSection C
60 marksJawab semua soalan. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan.Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
26
Question 26
Seorang jururawat di sebuah klinik merekodkan peratus gas dalam udara yang disedut dan udara yang dihembus oleh seorang pesakit (Jadual 1). Dia juga merekodkan kadar pernafasan pesakit itu semasa tiga aktiviti (Jadual 2).
A nurse at a clinic records the percentage of gases in the air a patient inhales and exhales (Table 1). She also records the patient's breathing rate during three activities (Table 2).
| Gas / Gas | Udara disedut / Inhaled air (%) | Udara dihembus / Exhaled air (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Oksigen / Oxygen | 21 | 16 |
| Karbon dioksida / Carbon dioxide | 0.04 | 4.0 |
| Aktiviti / Activity | Berehat / Resting | Berjalan laju / Brisk walking | Berlari / Running |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kadar pernafasan / Breathing rate (per min) | 16 | 22 | 34 |
[2 marks]
(a)Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara udara yang disedut dengan udara yang dihembus berdasarkan Jadual 1.State two differences between the inhaled air and the exhaled air based on Table 1.
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[2 marks]
(b)Terangkan mengapa udara yang dihembus mengandungi kurang oksigen dan lebih karbon dioksida.Explain why the exhaled air contains less oxygen and more carbon dioxide.
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[1 mark]
(c)Nyatakan ujian dan pemerhatian yang menunjukkan udara dihembus mengandungi lebih banyak karbon dioksida.State the test and the observation that show the exhaled air contains more carbon dioxide.
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[2 marks]
(d)Terangkan mengapa kadar pernafasan meningkat apabila pesakit itu berlari.Explain why the breathing rate increases when the patient runs.
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[1 mark]
(e)Namakan otot yang mengecut dan menjadi rata apabila seseorang menyedut udara.Name the muscle that contracts and becomes flat when a person inhales.
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27
Question 27
Pusat cuaca angkasa lepas menerima laporan berikut. "Pada pukul 2.15 petang, 12 November, satu nyalaan suria yang kuat meletus berhampiran satu kumpulan tompok Matahari yang besar. Satu lentingan jisim korona juga dilancarkan pada masa yang sama." Pusat itu mengeluarkan amaran kepada syarikat telekomunikasi dan stesen jana kuasa.A space weather centre receives the following report. "At 2.15 pm on 12 November a strong solar flare erupted near a large group of sunspots. A coronal mass ejection was launched at the same time." The centre issues a warning to telecommunication companies and power stations.
[1 mark]
(a)Apakah tompok Matahari?What are sunspots?
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[1 mark]
(b)Pada pukul berapakah cahaya nyalaan suria itu dilihat dari Bumi?At what time is the light of the solar flare seen from Earth?
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[1 mark]
(c)Pada tarikh bilakah zarah daripada lentingan jisim korona itu dijangka sampai ke Bumi?On what date are the particles of the coronal mass ejection expected to reach Earth?
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[2 marks]
(d)Nyatakan dua kesan zarah bercas itu terhadap Bumi.State two effects of the charged particles on Earth.
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[2 marks]
(e)Namakan kawasan di sekeliling Bumi yang melindungi hidupan daripada angin suria dan terangkan bagaimana ia berfungsi.Name the region around Earth that protects living things from the solar wind and explain how it works.
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[1 mark]
(f)Di manakah aurora paling kerap dilihat di Bumi?Where on Earth is an aurora seen?
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28
Question 28
Seorang murid memanaskan serbuk empat logam, P, Q, R dan S, dalam oksigen. Dia juga memanaskan oksida setiap logam itu dengan serbuk karbon. Jadual 3 menunjukkan keputusannya.
A student heats the powders of four metals, P, Q, R and S, in oxygen. She also heats the oxide of each metal with carbon powder. Table 3 shows her results.
| Logam / Metal | Logam dipanaskan dalam oksigen / Metal heated in oxygen | Oksida dipanaskan dengan karbon / Oxide heated with carbon |
|---|---|---|
| P | Berbara cerah / Glows brightly | Logam P terbentuk / Metal P formed |
| Q | Terbakar sangat cerah / Burns very brightly | Tiada perubahan / No change |
| R | Berbara malap / Glows dimly | Logam R terbentuk / Metal R formed |
| S | Terbakar cerah / Burns brightly | Tiada perubahan / No change |
[1 mark]
(a)Namakan proses penyingkiran oksigen daripada sesuatu oksida logam.Name the process of removing oxygen from a metal oxide.
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[2 marks]
(b)Susun logam P, Q, R dan S mengikut kereaktifan terhadap oksigen, bermula dengan yang paling reaktif.Arrange metals P, Q, R and S in order of reactivity towards oxygen, starting with the most reactive.
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The more vigorous the reaction with oxygen, the more reactive the metal: very bright, bright, glows brightly, glows dimly.
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[2 marks]
(c)Nyatakan kedudukan karbon dalam siri kereaktifan relatif kepada empat logam itu. Berikan bukti anda.State the position of carbon in the reactivity series relative to the four metals. Give your evidence.
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[2 marks]
(d)Nyatakan kaedah yang sesuai untuk mengekstrak logam Q dan logam R daripada oksidanya.State the suitable method to extract metal Q and metal R from their oxides.
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[1 mark]
(e)Dalam eksperimen pertama, oksigen dihasilkan dengan memanaskan kalium manganat(VII), dan serbuk logam diasingkan daripada kalium manganat(VII) dengan wul kaca. Nyatakan satu langkah keselamatan lain.In the first experiment, oxygen is produced by heating potassium manganate(VII), and the metal powder is kept apart from the potassium manganate(VII) by glass wool. State one other safety precaution.
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[2 marks]
(f)Dalam eksperimen yang memanaskan logam dalam oksigen, nyatakan pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan dan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.In the experiment that heats the metals in oxygen, state the manipulated variable and the responding variable.
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29
Question 29
Agensi Angkasa Negara merancang dua projek: sebuah satelit penderiaan jauh untuk memantau hutan dan sungai di Malaysia, dan penyertaan dalam misi sebuah kapal angkasa tanpa manusia ke Zuhal. Seorang ahli majlis daerah berkata kos program angkasa terlalu tinggi dan perlu dihentikan.The National Space Agency plans two projects: a remote sensing satellite to monitor the forests and rivers of Malaysia, and a part in the mission of an unmanned spacecraft to Saturn. A district councillor says the cost of the space programme is too high and it should be stopped.
[2 marks]
(a)Antara MEASAT-1, Cassini, TiungSAT-1 dan Voyager 2, kelaskan setiap satu sebagai satelit atau kapal angkasa.Classify each of MEASAT-1, Cassini, TiungSAT-1 and Voyager 2 as a satellite or a space probe.
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[2 marks]
(b)Nyatakan dua kegunaan penderiaan jauh dalam bidang yang berbeza.State two uses of remote sensing in different fields.
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[2 marks]
(c)Mengapakah kapal angkasa tanpa manusia, bukan angkasawan, dihantar ke Zuhal?Why is an unmanned spacecraft, not astronauts, sent to Saturn?
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[2 marks]
(d)Teleskop angkasa Hubble mengorbit kira-kira 500 km di atas permukaan Bumi. Terangkan mengapa imejnya lebih jelas daripada teleskop di atas gunung.The Hubble Space Telescope orbits about 500 km above the surface of Earth. Explain why its images are clearer than those of a telescope on a mountain.
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[2 marks]
(e)Beri satu hujah menyokong dan satu hujah menentang pendapat ahli majlis itu.Give one argument for and one argument against the councillor's opinion.
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30
Question 30
Rajah 3 menunjukkan landasan sebuah roller coaster mini di taman tema. Sebuah kereta berjisim 300 kg (termasuk penumpang) ditarik oleh motor ke titik A pada ketinggian 20 m dalam masa 40 s, kemudian dilepaskan dari keadaan rehat. B berada di aras tanah dan C berada pada ketinggian 15 m. Anggap landasan itu tanpa geseran.Diagram 3 shows the track of a mini roller coaster in a theme park. A car of mass 300 kg (including passengers) is pulled by a motor to point A at a height of 20 m in 40 s, then released from rest. B is at ground level and C is at a height of 15 m. Assume the track has no friction.
[1 mark]
(a)Namakan bentuk tenaga yang dimiliki oleh kereta itu di A.Name the form of energy the car has at A.
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[2 marks]
(b)Hitung kerja yang dilakukan oleh motor untuk menarik kereta itu ke A.Calculate the work done by the motor to pull the car to A.
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[2 marks]
(c)Hitung kuasa motor itu.Calculate the power of the motor.
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[2 marks]
(d)Hitung laju kereta itu di B.Calculate the speed of the car at B.
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[2 marks]
(e)Hitung laju kereta itu di C.Calculate the speed of the car at C.
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[3 marks]
(f)Sebenarnya, kereta itu sampai ke C dengan laju kurang daripada 10 m s⁻¹. Terangkan mengapa, menggunakan Prinsip Keabadian Tenaga, dan cadangkan satu cara mengurangkan tenaga yang terbuang.In practice, the car reaches C with a speed of less than 10 m s⁻¹. Explain why, using the Principle of Conservation of Energy, and suggest one way to reduce the wasted energy.
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31
Question 31
Sebuah hospital menggunakan iodin-131 untuk merawat penyakit tiroid. Rajah 4 menunjukkan aktiviti sebuah sampel iodin-131 melawan masa. Sampel itu memancarkan sinar gama. Sisa sampel disimpan di dalam bilik khas sehingga aktivitinya menjadi sangat rendah.A hospital uses iodine-131 to treat thyroid disease. Diagram 4 shows the activity of a sample of iodine-131 against time. The sample gives out gamma rays. The leftover sample is stored in a special room until its activity is very low.
[1 mark]
(a)Berdasarkan Rajah 4, nyatakan separuh hayat iodin-131.Based on Diagram 4, state the half-life of iodine-131.
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[2 marks]
(b)Berapakah aktiviti sampel itu selepas 40 hari?What is the activity of the sample after 40 days?
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[2 marks]
(c)Berapa lamakah masa diambil untuk aktiviti sampel itu jatuh kepada 12.5 Bq?How long does it take for the activity of the sample to fall to 12.5 Bq?
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[2 marks]
(d)Nyatakan dua langkah keselamatan untuk menyimpan sisa radioaktif itu.State two safety measures for storing the radioactive waste.
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[2 marks]
(e)Seorang juruteknik berada 6 jam sehari selama 5 hari berhampiran sumber radiasi yang memberi kadar dos 0.004 mSv/j. Hitung jumlah dos yang diserap.A technician spends 6 hours a day for 5 days near a radiation source that gives a dose rate of 0.004 mSv/h. Calculate the total dose absorbed.
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[2 marks]
(f)Hospital itu memilih antara iodin-131 (separuh hayat 8 hari) dengan karbon-14 (separuh hayat 5 700 tahun) untuk disuntik ke dalam badan pesakit. Pilih satu dan berikan satu sebab.The hospital must choose between iodine-131 (half-life 8 days) and carbon-14 (half-life 5 700 years) to be given to a patient. Choose one and give one reason.
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[1 mark]
(g)Nyatakan jenis radiasi daripada iodin-131 yang paling sukar dihalang dan bahan yang digunakan untuk menghalangnya.State the type of radiation from iodine-131 that is the most difficult to stop and the material used to stop it.
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Test specification (JSU)
| Chapter | Remembering | Understanding | Applying | Analysing | Evaluating | Creating | Items | marks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Stimuli and responses | 1 (4) | 2 (2) | – | 1 (1) | – | – | 4 | 7 |
| 2. Respiration | 1 (1) | 1 (8) | – | – | – | – | 2 | 9 |
| 3. Transportation | 2 (5) | – | 1 (1) | – | – | – | 3 | 6 |
| 4. Reactivity of metals | – | 2 (5) | 1 (1) | 1 (10) | – | – | 4 | 16 |
| 5. Thermochemistry | 1 (1) | – | 1 (4) | 1 (1) | – | – | 3 | 6 |
| 6. Electricity and magnetism | – | – | 3 (6) | – | – | – | 3 | 6 |
| 7. Energy and power | – | – | 3 (3) | – | 1 (12) | – | 4 | 15 |
| 8. Radioactivity | 1 (1) | – | 1 (1) | 1 (12) | – | – | 3 | 14 |
| 9. Space weather | 1 (1) | – | 2 (9) | – | – | – | 3 | 10 |
| 10. Space exploration | 1 (1) | – | – | – | 1 (10) | – | 2 | 11 |
| Total | 8 (14) | 5 (15) | 12 (25) | 4 (24) | 2 (22) | 0 (0) | 31 | 100 |
Each cell shows items (marks).