Practice paper, not an official KPM paperKertas latihan, bukan kertas rasmi KPM
55
Ujian Akhir Sesi AkademikEnd of Academic Session Test
SainsScience
Tingkatan 3, 2 jam / 2 hours, 100 marksmarkah
Nama / NameNama
Kelas / ClassKelas
Tarikh / DateTarikh
Markah / marksmarkah: / 100
InstructionsArahan
- Kertas soalan ini mengandungi tiga bahagian: Bahagian A, Bahagian B dan Bahagian C.This question paper consists of three sections: Section A, Section B and Section C.
- Jawab semua soalan.Answer all questions.
- Bahagian A: pilih satu jawapan bagi setiap soalan.Section A: choose one answer for each question.
- Bahagian B dan C: tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan. Tunjukkan jalan kerja jika perlu.Sections B and C: write your answers in the spaces provided. Show your working where it helps.
- Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan.The diagrams in this paper are not drawn to scale unless stated.
- Anda dibenarkan menggunakan kalkulator saintifik. Ambil g = 10 m s⁻².You may use a scientific calculator. Take g = 10 m s⁻².
Answer schemes are in English (DLP).Skema jawapan dalam Bahasa Inggeris (DLP).
Practice shows answers as you go. Exam times you and hides answers until you submit.Latihan menunjukkan jawapan semasa menjawab. Peperiksaan menetapkan masa dan menyembunyikan jawapan sehingga dihantar.
Bahagian ASection A
20 marksmarkahJawab semua soalan. Setiap soalan diikuti oleh empat pilihan jawapan, A, B, C dan D. Pilih satu jawapan sahaja.Answer all questions. Each question is followed by four options, A, B, C and D. Choose one answer only.
1
QuestionSoalan 1
Seorang gimnas berjalan di atas palang imbangan tanpa jatuh. Bahagian otak yang manakah mengawal keseimbangan dan koordinasi pergerakan badannya?A gymnast walks along a balance beam without falling. Which part of the brain controls the balance and coordination of her body movements?
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B
The cerebellum controls balance and the coordination of body movements. The cerebrum controls thinking and voluntary actions, the medulla oblongata controls involuntary actions such as the heartbeat and breathing, and the spinal cord controls reflex actions.
2
QuestionSoalan 2
Seorang petani berjalan keluar dari bangsal yang gelap ke ladang yang diterangi cahaya matahari yang terik. Apakah yang berlaku kepada anak mata petani itu dan jenis tindakan apakah ini?A farmer walks out of a dark shed into a field in bright sunlight. What happens to the pupils of his eyes and what type of action is this?
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C
In bright light the pupil becomes smaller to protect the retina from too much light. The change is automatic, so it is an involuntary action. In dim light the pupil becomes larger so that more light enters.
3
QuestionSoalan 3
Empat biji benih kacang yang bercambah diletakkan secara mengufuk di atas kapas lembap dalam sebuah piring Petri. Piring itu disimpan di dalam almari gelap selama tiga hari. Apakah keputusannya dan mengapakah almari gelap digunakan?Four germinating bean seeds are placed horizontally on moist cotton wool in a Petri dish. The dish is kept in a dark cupboard for three days. What is the result and why is a dark cupboard used?
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A
Roots show positive geotropism (grow down) and shoots show negative geotropism (grow up). The cupboard is dark so that light does not act as a second stimulus that would affect the direction of growth. B gives a wrong reason, C reverses the responses and D gives a wrong result.
4
QuestionSoalan 4
Ikan tilapia di kolam ladang bernafas menggunakan insang. Ciri manakah pada insang yang menambahkan luas permukaan untuk pertukaran gas?Tilapia in a farm pond breathe using gills. Which feature of the gills increases the surface area for gaseous exchange?
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D
Each gill has two rows of fine filaments, and each filament carries many thin, flat lamellae. These give the gills a very large surface area. The other options do not describe a feature that increases surface area.
5
QuestionSoalan 5
Sebuah stesen janakuasa membakar arang batu untuk menghasilkan elektrik. Gas tidak berwarna yang berbau tajam dan merengsakan saluran udara manusia dibebaskan. Apakah gas itu?A power station burns coal to produce electricity. A colourless gas with a pungent smell that irritates the human air passages is released. What is the gas?
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C
Burning coal releases sulphur dioxide, a colourless gas with a pungent smell that irritates the air passages. Carbon monoxide is odourless, nitrogen dioxide is brown and comes mainly from vehicles, and carbon dioxide does not irritate the air passages.
6
QuestionSoalan 6
Seorang pesakit berkumpulan darah B memerlukan transfusi darah. Bank darah hospital mempunyai darah kumpulan A, B, AB dan O. Kumpulan darah yang manakah boleh diberikan kepada pesakit itu dengan selamat?A patient of blood group B needs a blood transfusion. The hospital blood bank has blood of groups A, B, AB and O. Which blood groups can be given to the patient safely?
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B
A patient of group B has Anti-A antibodies in the plasma, so cannot receive blood with the A antigen (groups A and AB). Group B has the same antigen and group O has no antigens, so both are safe.
7
QuestionSoalan 7
Antara sebatian semula jadi berikut, yang manakah ialah bijih utama aluminium?Which of the following natural compounds is the main ore of aluminium?
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D
Bauxite (aluminium oxide) is the ore of aluminium. Hematite is the ore of iron, galena is the ore of lead and cassiterite is the ore of tin.
8
QuestionSoalan 8
Setiap oksida logam berikut dipanaskan dengan serbuk karbon. Oksida yang manakah tidak berubah?Each of the following metal oxides is heated with carbon powder. Which oxide does NOT change?
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C
Carbon sits between aluminium and zinc in the reactivity series. It is less reactive than aluminium, so it cannot remove the oxygen from aluminium oxide. It is more reactive than zinc, lead and copper, so their oxides are reduced to the metal.
9
QuestionSoalan 9
Dua bahan dicampurkan dalam cawan polistirena dan bacaan termometer meningkat. Pernyataan manakah menerangkan pemerhatian ini dengan betul?Two substances are mixed in a polystyrene cup and the thermometer reading rises. Which statement explains this observation correctly?
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A
A rise in temperature shows an exothermic reaction: chemical energy is changed to heat that is released into the surroundings, so the mixture feels hot. B, C and D describe an endothermic reaction.
10
QuestionSoalan 10
Jadual 1 menunjukkan suhu awal dan suhu akhir empat tindak balas, W, X, Y dan Z, dalam cawan polistirena.
Tindak balas yang manakah menyerap haba paling banyak daripada persekitaran?Table 1 shows the initial and final temperatures of four reactions, W, X, Y and Z, in polystyrene cups. Which reaction absorbs the most heat from its surroundings?
| Tindak balas / Reaction | Suhu awal / Initial temperature (°C) | Suhu akhir / Final temperature (°C) |
|---|---|---|
| W | 28 | 36 |
| X | 29 | 19 |
| Y | 28 | 22 |
| Z | 27 | 33 |
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B
A reaction that absorbs heat shows a fall in temperature. X falls by 10 °C and Y by 6 °C, so X absorbs the most heat. W and Z are exothermic because their temperatures rise.
11
QuestionSoalan 11
Sebuah solenoid disambungkan kepada galvanometer. Tindakan manakah yang TIDAK menghasilkan arus teraruh dalam solenoid itu?A solenoid is connected to a galvanometer. Which action does NOT produce an induced current in the solenoid?
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D
An induced current is produced only when the magnetic field lines are being cut, which needs relative movement between the magnet and the coil. A magnet held still inside the coil does not cut the field lines, so the galvanometer pointer stays at zero.
12
QuestionSoalan 12
Sebuah seterika 750 W digunakan selama 40 minit setiap hari di sebuah rumah ladang. Kadar elektrik ialah 25 sen setiap unit. Berapakah kos menggunakan seterika itu selama 30 hari?A 750 W iron is used for 40 minutes every day in a farmhouse. The rate of electricity is 25 sen per unit. What is the cost of using the iron for 30 days?
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A
Power = 0.75 kW and time = 40 ÷ 60 h each day. Energy = 0.75 × (40 ÷ 60) × 30 = 15 kWh. Cost = 15 × RM0.25 = RM3.75. RM225 forgets to change minutes to hours, RM3 750 forgets to change watts to kilowatts and RM0.13 is for one day only.
13
QuestionSoalan 13
Seorang gimnas berjisim 55 kg memanjat tali sehingga ketinggian 4 m dari lantai gimnasium. Berapakah tenaga keupayaan graviti yang diperoleh gimnas itu?A gymnast of mass 55 kg climbs a rope to a height of 4 m above the floor of the gymnasium. How much gravitational potential energy does the gymnast gain?
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B
Ep = mgh = 55 × 10 × 4 = 2 200 J. 220 J uses g = 1, 550 J forgets the height and 59 J adds the numbers.
14
QuestionSoalan 14
Seorang pelari pecut berjisim 60 kg berlari pada laju 8 m s⁻¹. Berapakah tenaga kinetiknya?A sprinter of mass 60 kg runs at a speed of 8 m s⁻¹. What is her kinetic energy?
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C
Ek = ½mv² = ½ × 60 × 8² = ½ × 60 × 64 = 1 920 J. 3 840 J forgets the ½, 480 J uses mv and 240 J uses ½mv.
15
QuestionSoalan 15
Radiasi manakah tidak dipesongkan oleh medan elektrik mahupun medan magnet?Which radiation is deflected by neither an electric field nor a magnetic field?
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D
Gamma rays are electromagnetic waves with no charge, so they are not deflected by electric or magnetic fields. Alpha particles (positive) and beta particles (negative) are charged and are deflected.
16
QuestionSoalan 16
Selepas 4 jam, hanya 25% daripada bilangan asal nukleus radioisotop dalam sebuah sampel belum mereput. Berapakah peratus nukleus asal yang masih belum mereput selepas 10 jam dari mula?After 4 hours, only 25% of the original number of nuclei of a radioisotope in a sample have not decayed. What percentage of the original nuclei have not decayed after 10 hours from the start?
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A
100% → 50% → 25% takes 2 half-lives in 4 hours, so the half-life is 2 hours. 10 hours is 5 half-lives: 100 → 50 → 25 → 12.5 → 6.25 → 3.125%. 6.25% counts only 4 half-lives and 12.5% counts 3.
17
QuestionSoalan 17
Seorang petani ingin mengetahui seberapa cepat pokok cilinya menyerap baja fosfat. Radioisotop manakah boleh digunakan?A farmer wants to find out how fast his chilli plants absorb phosphate fertiliser. Which radioisotope can be used?
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C
Phosphorus-32 shows how fast plants absorb phosphate fertiliser. Cobalt-60 kills cancer cells and bacteria in food, iodine-131 treats the thyroid and carbon-14 is used to date fossils and artifacts.
18
QuestionSoalan 18
Pernyataan manakah tentang granul pada Matahari yang betul?Which statement about granules on the Sun is correct?
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D
Granules are the grainy structures that make up the photosphere, at the top of the convection zone. A describes sunspots, B describes a prominence and C describes a coronal mass ejection.
19
QuestionSoalan 19
Jadual 2 menunjukkan purata bilangan tompok Matahari yang direkodkan dalam beberapa tahun.
Berdasarkan corak data ini, berapakah panjang satu kitaran Matahari dan pada tahun manakah bilangan tompok Matahari dijangka paling rendah seterusnya?Table 2 shows the average number of sunspots recorded in several years. Based on the pattern of the data, how long is one solar cycle and in which year is the number of sunspots next expected to be lowest?
| Tahun / Year | 2008 | 2011 | 2014 | 2017 | 2019 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilangan tompok Matahari / Number of sunspots | 3 | 55 | 113 | 25 | 3 | 80 |
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A
The number of sunspots was lowest in 2008 and again in 2019, so one solar cycle lasts 2019 − 2008 = 11 years. The next lowest number is expected 11 years after 2019, in 2030. B counts 8 years, C uses half the cycle and D doubles it.
20
QuestionSoalan 20
Antara berikut, pasangan manakah yang memadankan teknologi angkasa dengan kegunaannya dengan betul?Which of the following correctly matches a space technology with its use?
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B
A radio telescope is a dish that detects radio waves from objects in space. A rocket sends craft into space, a satellite orbits Earth and a space probe travels far from Earth to study other bodies in the Solar System.
Bahagian BSection B
20 marksmarkahJawab semua soalan. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan atau pilih jawapan yang betul.Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided or choose the correct answer.
21
QuestionSoalan 21
Aina makan sebiji mangga masak di sebuah gerai ladang. Jawab soalan berikut tentang deria bau dan deria rasa.Aina eats a ripe mango at a farm stall. Answer the following questions about the senses of smell and taste.
[1 markmarkah]
(a)Sel deria bau terletak di bahagian ____ rongga hidung.The sensory cells for smell are found in the ____ of the nasal cavity.
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roof
About 10 million sensory cells for smell are found at the roof of the nasal cavity, covered with mucus.
[1 markmarkah]
(b)Bahagian lidah yang manakah paling peka kepada rasa manis?Which part of the tongue is the most sensitive to sweet taste?
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Tip
The tip of the tongue is more sensitive to sweet, the sides to sour and salty, and the back to bitter.
[1 markmarkah]
(c)Mengapakah makanan terasa kurang sedap apabila seseorang menghidap selesema?Why does food taste less good when a person has flu?
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Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[1 markmarkah]
(d)Bahan kimia dalam makanan mesti larut dalam air liur supaya dapat merangsang reseptor rasa. Pernyataan ini ____.Chemicals in food must dissolve in saliva to stimulate the taste receptors. This statement is ____.
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True
Chemicals dissolved in saliva diffuse into the taste buds through the pores and stimulate the taste receptors.
22
QuestionSoalan 22
Pak Hamid ingin memperbaiki tanah ladangnya yang berasid. Dia mengunjungi sebuah muzium mineral yang memamerkan kuarza, pirit dan kalsium oksida. Jawab soalan berikut tentang mineral.Pak Hamid wants to improve the acidic soil of his farm. He visits a mineral museum that displays quartz, pyrite and calcium oxide. Answer the following questions about minerals.
[1 markmarkah]
(a)Sebatian manakah sesuai digunakan untuk meneutralkan tanah yang berasid?Which compound is suitable for neutralising acidic soil?
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Calcium oxide
Calcium oxide is basic, so it neutralises acidic soil.
[1 markmarkah]
(b)Mineral manakah mempunyai takat lebur yang tinggi dan digunakan untuk membuat radas kaca makmal?Which mineral has a high melting point and is used to make glass laboratory apparatus?
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Silicon dioxide
Silicon dioxide (quartz) has a high melting point, so it is used to make glass laboratory apparatus.
[1 markmarkah]
(c)Pirit ialah ferum(II) sulfida. Namakan unsur yang bergabung dalam pirit.Pyrite is iron(II) sulphide. Name the elements combined in pyrite.
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Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[1 markmarkah]
(d)Mineral litium dan kobalt digunakan untuk membuat bateri kereta elektrik yang tahan lama. Pernyataan ini ____.Minerals of lithium and cobalt are used to make long-lasting batteries for electric cars. This statement is ____.
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True
Lithium and cobalt minerals are used for long-lasting batteries in electric cars.
23
QuestionSoalan 23
Sebuah ladang penyelidikan mempunyai loji yang menggunakan sinar gama untuk membunuh bakteria pada rempah kering. Alat pembilang Geiger di pintu masuk loji itu membaca kadar dos 0.35 μSv/j. Kadar dos latar yang selamat ialah kurang daripada 0.2 μSv/j.A research farm has a plant that uses gamma rays to kill bacteria on dried spices. A Geiger counter at the entrance of the plant reads a dose rate of 0.35 μSv/h. A safe background dose rate is below 0.2 μSv/h.
[1 markmarkah]
(a)Jenis radiasi manakah digunakan untuk membunuh bakteria dalam makanan yang diawet dengan cara ini?Which type of radiation is used to kill bacteria in food preserved in this way?
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Gamma rays
Gamma rays are used to kill bacteria in food for preservation; the Radura logo labels such food.
[2 marksmarkah]
(b)Seorang pelawat berada di pintu masuk itu selama 4 jam. Hitung dos radiasi yang diserap oleh pelawat itu.A visitor stays at the entrance for 4 hours. Calculate the dose of radiation absorbed by the visitor.
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Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[1 markmarkah]
(c)Kadar dos di pintu masuk itu ____.The dose rate at the entrance is ____.
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not safe
0.35 μSv/h is higher than the safe level of 0.2 μSv/h, so the dose rate is not safe and the time spent there should be limited.
24
QuestionSoalan 24
Sebuah mesin lari di gimnasium mempunyai badan logam dan menggunakan palam tiga pin. Jawab soalan berikut tentang keselamatan elektrik mesin itu.A treadmill in a gymnasium has a metal casing and uses a 3-pin plug. Answer the following questions about the electrical safety of the treadmill.
[1 markmarkah]
(a)Wayar yang manakah berjalur hijau dan kuning?Which wire has green and yellow stripes?
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Earth wire
In the international colour code the earth wire is green and yellow stripes, the live wire is brown and the neutral wire is blue.
[1 markmarkah]
(b)Nyatakan fungsi wayar bumi.State the function of the earth wire.
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[1 markmarkah]
(c)Komponen keselamatan manakah boleh ditetapkan semula selepas ia memutuskan litar?Which safety component can be reset after it has cut off the circuit?
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MCB
A miniature circuit breaker (MCB) cuts off the circuit when the current is too large and can be reset. A fuse wire melts and must be replaced.
[1 markmarkah]
(d)Suis dipasang pada wayar hidup. Pernyataan ini ____.A switch is fitted in the live wire. This statement is ____.
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True
A switch is fitted in the live wire so that, when it is off, the appliance is cut off from the 240 V supply.
25
QuestionSoalan 25
Rajah 1 menunjukkan sistem respirasi manusia.Diagram 1 shows the human respiratory system.
[1 markmarkah]
(a)Namakan bahagian P.Name part P.
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Trachea
P is the trachea, the tube with rings of cartilage that carries air from the throat to the bronchi.
[1 markmarkah]
(b)Namakan bahagian S.Name part S.
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Diaphragm
S is the diaphragm, the sheet of muscle below the lungs.
[1 markmarkah]
(c)Apabila seseorang menyedut udara, bahagian S mengecut dan menjadi rata. Apakah kesan perubahan ini terhadap isi padu rongga toraks?When a person inhales, part S contracts and becomes flat. What is the effect of this change on the volume of the thoracic cavity?
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The volume increases
When the diaphragm contracts and flattens (and the intercostal muscles raise the rib cage), the volume of the thoracic cavity increases and the air pressure falls, so air flows in.
[1 markmarkah]
(d)Nyatakan satu penyesuaian bahagian R untuk pertukaran gas.State one adaptation of part R for gaseous exchange.
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Bahagian CSection C
60 marksmarkahJawab semua soalan. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan.Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
26
QuestionSoalan 26
Sebuah motor dan takal menarik sebuah troli yang dimuatkan dengan guni makanan ternakan di sepanjang landasan mengufuk di sebuah ladang. Daya tarikan ialah 150 N dan troli itu bergerak sejauh 12 m dalam masa 30 s. Jisim troli dan muatannya ialah 40 kg dan laju akhirnya ialah 1.5 m s⁻¹.A motor and pulley pull a trolley loaded with sacks of animal feed along a horizontal track on a farm. The pulling force is 150 N and the trolley moves through 12 m in 30 s. The mass of the trolley and its load is 40 kg and its final speed is 1.5 m s⁻¹.
[1 markmarkah]
(a)Nyatakan unit S.I. bagi kerja.State the S.I. unit of work.
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Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[2 marksmarkah]
(b)Hitung kerja yang dilakukan oleh daya tarikan itu.Calculate the work done by the pulling force.
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[2 marksmarkah]
(c)Hitung kuasa yang digunakan untuk menarik troli itu.Calculate the power used to pull the trolley.
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[2 marksmarkah]
(d)Hitung tenaga kinetik troli dan muatannya pada laju akhir itu.Calculate the kinetic energy of the trolley and its load at the final speed.
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[1 markmarkah]
(e)Kerja yang dilakukan lebih besar daripada tenaga kinetik yang diperoleh troli. Terangkan mengapa.The work done is greater than the kinetic energy gained by the trolley. Explain why.
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27
QuestionSoalan 27
Jadual 3 menunjukkan struktur jantung tiga haiwan di sebuah ladang ternakan: ikan tilapia di kolam, katak di tebing kolam dan ayam di reban.
Table 3 shows the structure of the heart of three animals on a livestock farm: a tilapia in the pond, a frog on the bank of the pond and a chicken in the coop.
| Haiwan / Animal | Ruang jantung / Heart chambers | Darah melalui jantung dalam satu kitaran / Blood passes through the heart in one cycle | Percampuran darah / Mixing of blood |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tilapia | 1 atrium, 1 ventrikel / 1 atrium, 1 ventricle | Sekali / Once | Tiada / None |
| Katak / Frog | 2 atrium, 1 ventrikel / 2 atria, 1 ventricle | Dua kali / Twice | Ada / Yes |
| Ayam / Chicken | 2 atrium, 2 ventrikel / 2 atria, 2 ventricles | Dua kali / Twice | Tiada / None |
[1 markmarkah]
(a)Nyatakan jenis peredaran darah dalam tilapia.State the type of circulation in the tilapia.
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Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[1 markmarkah]
(b)Namakan ruang dalam jantung katak tempat darah beroksigen bercampur dengan darah terdeoksigen.Name the chamber in the frog's heart where oxygenated blood mixes with deoxygenated blood.
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[2 marksmarkah]
(c)Terangkan mengapa jantung ayam lebih cekap daripada jantung katak.Explain why the chicken's heart is more efficient than the frog's heart.
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[2 marksmarkah]
(d)Namakan salur darah yang membawa darah dari peparu ayam ke jantungnya dan nyatakan jenis darah yang dibawa.Name the blood vessel that carries blood from the chicken's lungs to its heart and state the type of blood it carries.
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[1 markmarkah]
(e)Nyatakan fungsi injap semilunar.State the function of the semilunar valves.
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[1 markmarkah]
(f)Mengapakah denyutan nadi boleh dirasai pada arteri tetapi tidak pada vena?Why can the pulse be felt in an artery but not in a vein?
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28
QuestionSoalan 28
Seorang pembantu veterinar di sebuah ladang menjalankan empat tindak balas dalam cawan polistirena untuk memilih bahan bagi pek haba segera. Jadual 4 menunjukkan keputusannya.
A veterinary assistant on a farm carries out four reactions in polystyrene cups to choose the substances for instant heat packs. Table 4 shows the results.
| Tindak balas / Reaction | Bahan / Substances | Suhu awal / Initial temperature (°C) | Suhu akhir / Final temperature (°C) |
|---|---|---|---|
| P | Kalsium klorida dan air / Calcium chloride and water | 28 | 39 |
| Q | Ammonium nitrat dan air / Ammonium nitrate and water | 28 | 19 |
| R | Asid hidroklorik dan natrium hidrogen karbonat / Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydrogen carbonate | 28 | 24 |
| S | Asid hidroklorik dan larutan natrium hidroksida / Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution | 28 | 35 |
[2 marksmarkah]
(a)Kelaskan tindak balas P dan Q sebagai eksotermik atau endotermik. Beri satu sebab bagi setiap tindak balas.Classify reactions P and Q as exothermic or endothermic. Give one reason for each.
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[1 markmarkah]
(b)Tindak balas yang manakah menunjukkan perubahan suhu yang paling besar? Nyatakan perubahan suhu itu.Which reaction shows the greatest change in temperature? State the change in temperature.
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Changes: P +11 °C, Q −9 °C, R −4 °C, S +7 °C.
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[1 markmarkah]
(c)Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi tindak balas endotermik dalam eksperimen ini.State the operational definition of an endothermic reaction in this experiment.
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[1 markmarkah]
(d)Nyatakan perubahan bentuk tenaga dalam tindak balas P.State the change in the form of energy in reaction P.
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[1 markmarkah]
(e)Selepas mencapai suhu maksimum, bacaan termometer dalam tindak balas P tidak berubah. Terangkan mengapa.After reaching its maximum temperature, the thermometer reading in reaction P does not change. Explain why.
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[2 marksmarkah]
(f)Pekerja ladang ingin mereka bentuk tin minuman yang memanaskan dirinya sendiri. Pilih satu tindak balas daripada P, Q, R dan S untuk bahagian pemanas dan beri satu sebab.A farm worker wants to design a self-heating can for a drink. Choose one reaction from P, Q, R and S for the heating part and give one reason.
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[2 marksmarkah]
(g)Cadangkan bagaimana tin itu direka supaya tindak balas hanya bermula apabila pekerja itu hendak minum.Suggest how the can is designed so that the reaction starts only when the worker wants a drink.
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29
QuestionSoalan 29
Pusat Cuaca Angkasa Negara mengeluarkan buletin berikut. "Matahari sedang menghampiri kemuncak kitaran 11 tahunnya. Pengendali satelit dan syarikat grid kuasa diminta bersiap sedia untuk gangguan daripada lentingan jisim korona." Rajah 2 menunjukkan data yang dikumpulkan oleh pusat itu. Carta X menunjukkan purata bilangan tompok Matahari setahun dan Carta Y menunjukkan purata bilangan lentingan jisim korona sebulan.The National Space Weather Centre issues the following bulletin. "The Sun is approaching the peak of its 11-year cycle. Satellite operators and power grid companies are asked to be ready for disturbances from coronal mass ejections." Diagram 2 shows the data collected by the centre. Chart X shows the average number of sunspots in a year and Chart Y shows the average number of coronal mass ejections per month.
[1 markmarkah]
(a)Namakan lapisan atmosfera Matahari tempat tompok Matahari terletak.Name the layer of the Sun's atmosphere where sunspots are found.
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[1 markmarkah]
(b)Mengapakah tompok Matahari kelihatan gelap?Why do sunspots look dark?
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[2 marksmarkah]
(c)Berdasarkan Rajah 2, nyatakan bilangan tompok Matahari dan bilangan lentingan jisim korona sebulan pada tahun 2023.Based on Diagram 2, state the number of sunspots and the number of coronal mass ejections per month in 2023.
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[2 marksmarkah]
(d)Huraikan corak perubahan bilangan lentingan jisim korona apabila bilangan tompok Matahari meningkat dari 2019 hingga 2025.Describe how the number of coronal mass ejections changes as the number of sunspots rises from 2019 to 2025.
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[1 markmarkah]
(e)Sebuah prominen melontarkan jirim pada laju 750 km s⁻¹. Hitung jarak yang dilalui oleh jirim itu dalam 20 s.A prominence throws out matter at a speed of 750 km s⁻¹. Calculate the distance travelled by the matter in 20 s.
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[2 marksmarkah]
(f)Terangkan bagaimana zarah bercas daripada lentingan jisim korona boleh mengganggu satelit dan grid kuasa di Bumi.Explain how the charged particles from a coronal mass ejection can disturb satellites and the power grid on Earth.
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[1 markmarkah]
(g)Namakan kawasan di sekeliling Bumi yang menghalang kebanyakan zarah bercas daripada sampai ke atmosfera.Name the region around Earth that blocks most charged particles from reaching the atmosphere.
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30
QuestionSoalan 30
Sebuah muzium angkasa membuka galeri baharu bertajuk "Perjalanan Melampaui Bumi". Papan maklumat galeri itu menyatakan: "Teleskop angkasa dan teleskop radio mengkaji objek yang jauh. Satelit penderiaan jauh memantau tanah di Malaysia. Kapal angkasa tanpa manusia menjelajah planet yang jauh. Pada 2021 satelit merekodkan keluasan hutan sebuah negeri ialah 640 km², pada 2023 ialah 600 km² dan pada 2025 ialah 560 km²." Seorang pengunjung berkata, "Wang untuk penerokaan angkasa lebih baik dibelanjakan untuk sekolah dan ladang." Empat peristiwa dalam galeri itu ialah: P, Teleskop Angkasa Hubble dilancarkan (1990); Q, TiungSAT-1 dilancarkan (2000); R, Sputnik 1 dilancarkan (1957); S, Neil Armstrong menjejak Bulan (1969).A space museum opens a new gallery called "Journey Beyond Earth". The information board of the gallery says: "Space telescopes and radio telescopes study faraway objects. A remote sensing satellite monitors the land of Malaysia. Unmanned spacecraft explore faraway planets. In 2021 a satellite recorded the forest area of a state as 640 km², in 2023 as 600 km² and in 2025 as 560 km²." A visitor says, "The money for space exploration is better spent on schools and farms." Four events in the gallery are: P, the Hubble Space Telescope is launched (1990); Q, TiungSAT-1 is launched (2000); R, Sputnik 1 is launched (1957); S, Neil Armstrong lands on the Moon (1969).
[2 marksmarkah]
(a)Susun peristiwa P, Q, R dan S mengikut turutan masa, bermula dengan yang terawal.Arrange events P, Q, R and S in order of time, starting with the earliest.
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[2 marksmarkah]
(b)Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara teleskop angkasa dengan teleskop radio. Perihalkan kedua-dua teleskop itu.State one difference between a space telescope and a radio telescope. Describe both telescopes.
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[2 marksmarkah]
(c)Nyatakan dua komponen yang dibawa oleh sebuah kapal angkasa tanpa manusia.State two components carried by an unmanned spacecraft (space probe).
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Any 2 pointsMana-mana 2 isi
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[2 marksmarkah]
(d)Hitung purata penurunan keluasan hutan dalam setahun antara 2021 dengan 2025.Calculate the average decrease in forest area per year between 2021 and 2025.
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[1 markmarkah]
(e)Data hutan itu diperoleh menggunakan penderiaan jauh. Nyatakan bidang penggunaan penderiaan jauh yang ditunjukkan.The forest data are obtained by remote sensing. State the field of use of remote sensing that is shown.
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[3 marksmarkah]
(f)Nilaikan pendapat pengunjung itu. Nyatakan satu faedah dan satu risiko penerokaan angkasa, kemudian beri keputusan anda.Evaluate the visitor's opinion. State one benefit and one risk of space exploration, then give your decision.
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31
QuestionSoalan 31
Pak Hamid menanam cili di ladangnya. Selepas beberapa hari jerebu, daun cilinya berhabuk dan tumbuhan itu tumbuh lambat. Anaknya, seorang pelajar Tingkatan 3, menjalankan satu eksperimen. Dia membandingkan daun yang dibersihkan dengan daun berhabuk daripada tumbuhan yang sama. Pada setiap pukul, dia mengira bilangan stoma yang terbuka daripada 50 stoma pada epidermis setiap daun di bawah mikroskop. Rajah 3 menunjukkan keputusannya.Pak Hamid grows chilli plants on his farm. After several days of haze, the leaves of his chilli plants are covered with dust and the plants grow slowly. His son, a Form 3 student, carries out an experiment. He compares clean leaves with dusty leaves from the same plant. At each hour he counts the number of open stomata out of 50 stomata on the epidermis of each leaf under a microscope. Diagram 3 shows his results.
[3 marksmarkah]
(a)Nyatakan pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan, pemboleh ubah bergerak balas dan satu pemboleh ubah dimalarkan dalam eksperimen ini.State the manipulated variable, the responding variable and one constant variable in this experiment.
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[2 marksmarkah]
(b)Berapakah perbezaan bilangan stoma terbuka antara daun bersih dengan daun berhabuk pada pukul 12:00?What is the difference in the number of open stomata between the clean leaves and the dusty leaves at 12:00?
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[2 marksmarkah]
(c)Bilangan stoma terbuka pada daun bersih berkurang daripada 48 pada pukul 12:00 kepada 38 pada pukul 14:00. Terangkan mengapa.The number of open stomata of the clean leaves falls from 48 at 12:00 to 38 at 14:00. Explain why.
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[2 marksmarkah]
(d)Terangkan mengapa daun berhabuk mempunyai lebih sedikit stoma terbuka dan pertumbuhan tumbuhan itu lambat.Explain why the dusty leaves have fewer open stomata and why the plant grows slowly.
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[2 marksmarkah]
(e)Pada hari jerebu yang teruk, daun bersih menerima cahaya matahari yang kurang. Ramalkan bilangan stoma terbuka pada pukul 12:00 berbanding 48 dan beri justifikasi.On a day of heavy haze, the clean leaves receive less sunlight. Predict the number of open stomata at 12:00 compared with 48 and give a justification.
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[1 markmarkah]
(f)Cadangkan satu langkah untuk mengurangkan kesan jerebu terhadap tanaman di kawasan itu.Suggest one measure to reduce the effect of haze on crops in the area.
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Test specification (JSU)Jadual Spesifikasi Ujian (JSU)
| ChapterBab | RememberingMengingat | UnderstandingMemahami | ApplyingMengaplikasi | AnalysingMenganalisis | EvaluatingMenilai | CreatingMencipta | Items | marksmarkah |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Stimuli and responses | 2 (5) | 1 (1) | – | 1 (1) | – | – | 4 | 7 |
| 2. Respiration | 3 (6) | – | – | 1 (12) | – | – | 4 | 18 |
| 3. Transportation | – | 1 (8) | 1 (1) | – | – | – | 2 | 9 |
| 4. Reactivity of metals | 1 (1) | 1 (4) | 1 (1) | – | – | – | 3 | 6 |
| 5. Thermochemistry | 1 (1) | – | – | 2 (11) | – | – | 3 | 12 |
| 6. Electricity and magnetism | – | 1 (1) | 2 (5) | – | – | – | 3 | 6 |
| 7. Energy and power | – | – | 3 (10) | – | – | – | 3 | 10 |
| 8. Radioactivity | 2 (2) | – | 2 (5) | – | – | – | 4 | 7 |
| 9. Space weather | 1 (1) | – | – | 2 (11) | – | – | 3 | 12 |
| 10. Space exploration | 1 (1) | – | – | – | 1 (12) | – | 2 | 13 |
| TotalJumlah | 11 (17) | 4 (14) | 9 (22) | 6 (35) | 1 (12) | 0 (0) | 31 | 100 |
Each cell shows items (marks).Setiap petak menunjukkan item (markah).