Practice paper, not an official KPM paperKertas latihan, bukan kertas rasmi KPM
4551
Ujian Akhir Sesi AkademikEnd of Academic Session Test
BiologiBiology
Tingkatan 4, 2 jam 30 minit / 2 hours 30 minutes, 100 marksmarkah
Nama / NameNama
Kelas / ClassKelas
Tarikh / DateTarikh
Markah / marksmarkah: / 100
InstructionsArahan
- Kertas soalan ini mengandungi tiga bahagian: Bahagian A, Bahagian B dan Bahagian C.This question paper consists of three sections: Section A, Section B and Section C.
- Jawab semua soalan.Answer all questions.
- Bahagian A: pilih satu jawapan bagi setiap soalan.Section A: choose one answer for each question.
- Bahagian B dan C: tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan. Kerja mengira mesti ditunjukkan.Sections B and C: write your answers in the spaces provided. Working must be shown for calculations.
- Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan.The diagrams in this paper are not drawn to scale unless stated.
- Kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogramkan dibenarkan.A non-programmable scientific calculator is allowed.
Answer schemes are in English (DLP).Skema jawapan dalam Bahasa Inggeris (DLP).
Practice shows answers as you go. Exam times you and hides answers until you submit.Latihan menunjukkan jawapan semasa menjawab. Peperiksaan menetapkan masa dan menyembunyikan jawapan sehingga dihantar.
Bahagian ASection A
20 marksmarkahJawab semua soalan. Setiap soalan diikuti oleh empat pilihan jawapan, A, B, C dan D. Pilih satu jawapan sahaja.Answer all questions. Each question is followed by four options, A, B, C and D. Choose one answer only.
1
QuestionSoalan 1
Seorang pelajar menyiasat kesan keamatan cahaya terhadap kadar fotosintesis tumbuhan akuatik. Pernyataan yang manakah ialah hipotesis yang sesuai?A student investigates the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis of an aquatic plant. Which statement is a suitable hypothesis?
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
B
A hypothesis is a testable statement that relates the manipulated variable to the responding variable. A is the problem question, C is the aim and D is an observation (a result).
2
QuestionSoalan 2
Sel yang manakah dalam daun mengandungi kloroplas yang paling banyak untuk fotosintesis?Which cell in a leaf contains the most chloroplasts for photosynthesis?
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
D
Palisade mesophyll cells are packed in a layer just below the upper epidermis and have the most chloroplasts. Spongy mesophyll cells have fewer, the upper epidermal cells have almost none and xylem vessels are dead tubes without chloroplasts.
3
QuestionSoalan 3
Sel epitelium ileum menyerap glukosa melalui pengangkutan aktif. Organel yang manakah terdapat dalam bilangan yang banyak dalam sel ini?An epithelial cell of the ileum absorbs glucose by active transport. Which organelle is present in large numbers in this cell?
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
A
Active transport needs energy (ATP) from aerobic respiration, which takes place in mitochondria. Chloroplasts are found only in plant cells, centrioles help in cell division and lysosomes digest worn-out material.
4
QuestionSoalan 4
Daun salad yang layu menjadi segar semula selepas direndam dalam air selama beberapa minit. Apakah penjelasannya?Wilted lettuce leaves become crisp again after being soaked in water for a few minutes. What is the explanation?
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
C
Distilled or tap water is hypotonic to the cell sap, so water enters by osmosis and the cells become turgid. Water never moves by active transport, and plasmolysis happens when water leaves the cells.
5
QuestionSoalan 5
Kadar kemasukan glukosa ke dalam eritrosit meningkat apabila kepekatan glukosa di luar sel dinaikkan daripada 0 mM kepada 8 mM, kemudian kekal malar walaupun kepekatan dinaikkan kepada 16 mM. Mengapakah kadar itu tidak meningkat lagi?The rate at which glucose enters red blood cells rises when the glucose concentration outside the cells is increased from 0 mM to 8 mM, then stays constant even when the concentration is raised to 16 mM. Why does the rate not increase any more?
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
D
Glucose enters by facilitated diffusion, which needs carrier proteins. When all the carriers are occupied the rate cannot rise further. Facilitated diffusion does not need ATP, and the gradient still favours entry because the cell uses the glucose.
6
QuestionSoalan 6
Polisakarida yang manakah membentuk dinding sel tumbuhan dan tidak dapat dicernakan oleh manusia tetapi berfungsi sebagai serat dalam diet?Which polysaccharide forms the cell wall of plants and cannot be digested by humans but acts as fibre in the diet?
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
C
Cellulose is the structural polysaccharide of the plant cell wall. Humans have no enzyme to hydrolyse it, so it passes through as dietary fibre. Starch and glycogen are storage polysaccharides and maltose is a disaccharide.
7
QuestionSoalan 7
Apakah yang berlaku kepada molekul enzim apabila hasil tindak balas telah meninggalkan tapak aktif?What happens to an enzyme molecule when the products have left its active site?
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
A
An enzyme is a biological catalyst. It is not changed or used up in the reaction, so one enzyme molecule can act again and again, which is why a small amount of enzyme is enough.
8
QuestionSoalan 8
Pepsin mempunyai pH optimum 2. Sedikit pepsin memasuki duodenum bersama kim, tetapi ia tidak lagi menghidrolisiskan protein. Apakah sebabnya?Pepsin has an optimum pH of 2. A little pepsin enters the duodenum with the chyme, but it no longer hydrolyses protein. What is the reason?
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
B
Bile and pancreatic juice make the duodenum alkaline (pH 7.6 to 8.6). At this pH the three-dimensional shape of pepsin, including its active site, is changed and it is denatured. Body temperature is the same throughout the canal, polypeptides are still present and amylase acts on starch, not on enzymes.
9
QuestionSoalan 9
Fasa manakah yang paling lama dalam kitar sel bagi kebanyakan sel?Which phase is the longest in the cell cycle of most cells?
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
B
Interphase (G1, S and G2) takes most of the time of a cell cycle because the cell grows and replicates its DNA. Mitosis, which includes anaphase, and cytokinesis are short.
10
QuestionSoalan 10
Seorang atlet berlari pecut 200 m dan terus bernafas dengan cepat dan dalam selama beberapa minit selepas berhenti. Apakah sebab utamanya?An athlete sprints 200 m and keeps breathing fast and deeply for several minutes after stopping. What is the main reason?
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
A
During the sprint the muscles ferment glucose to lactic acid because oxygen supply is too slow (oxygen debt). Afterwards the extra oxygen oxidises the lactic acid and repays the debt. Human muscle does not make ethanol.
11
QuestionSoalan 11
Tekanan separa oksigen (mm Hg) di empat tempat dalam badan seorang pelari ialah: alveolus, 105; darah yang tiba di kapilari peparu, 40; darah yang tiba di kapilari otot, 100; sel otot yang sedang bekerja, 15. Pilihan yang manakah menunjukkan arah resapan oksigen yang betul?The partial pressures of oxygen (mm Hg) at four sites in a runner's body are: alveolus, 105; blood arriving at the lung capillary, 40; blood arriving at a muscle capillary, 100; working muscle cell, 15. Which option shows the correct directions of diffusion of oxygen?
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
C
Oxygen diffuses down its partial pressure gradient, from higher to lower: alveolus (105) to lung capillary blood (40), and muscle capillary blood (100) to muscle cell (15).
12
QuestionSoalan 12
Salur yang manakah membawa darah yang kaya dengan glukosa dan asid amino dari ileum ke hati?Which vessel carries blood rich in glucose and amino acids from the ileum to the liver?
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
D
The blood capillaries of the villi join to form the hepatic portal vein, which carries absorbed glucose and amino acids to the liver. The hepatic artery brings oxygenated blood to the liver and the thoracic duct carries lymph.
13
QuestionSoalan 13
Sebanyak 0.80 g biskut dibakar di bawah 40 g air. Suhu air meningkat daripada 27 °C kepada 45 °C. Berapakah nilai tenaga biskut itu? [Tenaga haba = jisim air × 4.2 × kenaikan suhu, dalam J]0.80 g of a biscuit is burnt under 40 g of water. The temperature of the water rises from 27 °C to 45 °C. What is the energy value of the biscuit? [Heat energy = mass of water × 4.2 × rise in temperature, in J]
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
B
Rise = 45 − 27 = 18 °C. Heat = 40 × 4.2 × 18 = 3024 J = 3.024 kJ. Energy value = 3.024 ÷ 0.80 = 3.78 kJ g⁻¹. Option A leaves out the 4.2, and C and D have the wrong power of ten.
14
QuestionSoalan 14
Bunyi “lub” yang didengar melalui stetoskop dihasilkan apabila injap yang manakah tertutup?The “lub” sound heard through a stethoscope is made when which valves close?
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
C
“Lub” is the closing of the tricuspid and bicuspid valves at the start of ventricular contraction. “Dub” is the closing of the semilunar valves when the ventricles relax.
15
QuestionSoalan 15
Seorang wanita mempunyai paras albumin yang rendah dalam plasma darahnya dan kakinya bengkak. Mengapakah hal ini berlaku?A woman has a low level of albumin in her blood plasma and her legs are swollen. Why does this happen?
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
A
Albumin gives plasma its osmotic pressure, which draws tissue fluid back into the capillary at the venule end. With less albumin less fluid returns, so it collects in the tissues as oedema. Erythrocytes are too large to leave the capillaries.
16
QuestionSoalan 16
Seorang petani digigit ular berbisa dan doktor menyuntiknya dengan antiserum (antivenom). Apakah jenis imuniti yang diperoleh petani itu?A farmer is bitten by a venomous snake and the doctor injects him with antiserum (antivenom). What type of immunity does the farmer gain?
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
D
The antibodies are made in another animal and injected, so the farmer's own lymphocytes do not make them (passive). The injection is a medical treatment, not natural passage such as across the placenta (artificial). The protection is short-lived.
17
QuestionSoalan 17
Selepas satu kemalangan, seorang pesakit tidak dapat mengawal degupan jantung dan pernafasannya walaupun dia masih boleh berfikir. Bahagian otak yang manakah paling mungkin rosak?After an accident, a patient cannot control his heartbeat and breathing although he can still think. Which part of the brain is most likely to be damaged?
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
C
The medulla oblongata controls involuntary actions such as heartbeat and breathing. The cerebrum is for thinking and voluntary actions, the cerebellum for balance and the hypothalamus for body temperature and water balance.
18
QuestionSoalan 18
Glukosa dikesan dalam air kencing seorang pesakit yang paras glukosa darahnya sangat tinggi. Mengapakah hal ini berlaku?Glucose is found in the urine of a patient whose blood glucose level is very high. Why does this happen?
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
B
Glucose is filtered freely and is normally all reabsorbed by active transport in the proximal convoluted tubule. When the filtrate has more glucose than the carriers can take up, the rest stays in the filtrate and appears in the urine.
19
QuestionSoalan 19
Jenis rangka yang manakah menyokong badan cacing tanah?Which type of skeleton supports the body of an earthworm?
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
D
An earthworm has a hydrostatic skeleton: coelomic fluid under pressure inside the body, with circular and longitudinal muscles, gives support and movement. A chitin exoskeleton is found in insects, and bone and cartilage skeletons in vertebrates.
20
QuestionSoalan 20
Seorang wanita mendapat keputusan positif pada alat ujian kehamilan. Hormon yang dikesan dalam air kencingnya dirembeskan oleh struktur yang manakah?A woman gets a positive result on a pregnancy test kit. Which structure secretes the hormone that is detected in her urine?
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
A
Pregnancy test kits detect HCG, which is made by the placenta (from the embryo's tissue) in early pregnancy and keeps the corpus luteum secreting oestrogen and progesterone. The corpus luteum itself makes progesterone and oestrogen, not HCG.
Bahagian BSection B
50 marksmarkahJawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.Answer all questions in this section.
21
QuestionSoalan 21
Rajah 1 menunjukkan sistem pencernaan manusia. P, Q, R, S dan T ialah struktur dalam sistem itu.Diagram 1 shows the human digestive system. P, Q, R, S and T are structures in the system.
[3 marksmarkah]
(a)Namakan P, Q dan R.Name P, Q and R.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[1 markmarkah]
(b)Nyatakan fungsi bahan yang disimpan dalam Q dalam pencernaan lipid.State the function of the substance stored in Q in the digestion of lipids.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[1 markmarkah]
(c)Namakan struktur pada dinding dalam S yang meningkatkan luas permukaan untuk penyerapan makanan yang telah dicerna.Name the structure on the inner wall of S that increases the surface area for absorption of digested food.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[1 markmarkah]
(d)Nyatakan satu fungsi T.State one function of T.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
22
QuestionSoalan 22
Sebuah kilang kecil membuat yogurt daripada susu yang dipanaskan, disejukkan kepada 40 °C dan ditambah kultur bakteria Lactobacillus. Susu itu ditutup rapat dan dibiarkan pada 40 °C. Jadual menunjukkan pH susu itu semasa proses.
A small factory makes yoghurt from milk that is heated, cooled to 40 °C and mixed with a culture of Lactobacillus bacteria. The milk is sealed and kept at 40 °C. The table shows the pH of the milk during the process.
| Masa / Time (j / h) | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH susu / pH of milk | 6.6 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 4.8 | 4.5 |
[1 markmarkah]
(a)Namakan proses yang dijalankan oleh bakteria itu.Name the process carried out by the bacteria.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[2 marksmarkah]
(b)Tulis persamaan perkataan bagi proses ini.Write the word equation for this process.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[1 markmarkah]
(c)Terangkan mengapa pH susu berkurang.Explain why the pH of the milk decreases.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[1 markmarkah]
(d)Terangkan mengapa susu menjadi pekat dan likat.Explain why the milk becomes thick.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[1 markmarkah]
(e)Hitung kadar purata penurunan pH antara jam ke-2 dengan jam ke-6.Calculate the average rate of decrease in pH between 2 h and 6 h.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
23
QuestionSoalan 23
Rajah 2 menunjukkan model yang digunakan untuk mengkaji mekanisme pernafasan manusia. Seorang murid menarik Q ke bawah menggunakan tombol.Diagram 2 shows a model used to study the breathing mechanism in humans. A student pulls down Q using the knob.
[3 marksmarkah]
(a)Apakah yang diwakili oleh P, Q dan R dalam model ini?What do P, Q and R represent in this model?
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[1 markmarkah]
(b)Nyatakan apa yang berlaku kepada P apabila Q ditarik ke bawah.State what happens to P when Q is pulled down.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[2 marksmarkah]
(c)Dengan merujuk kepada isi padu dan tekanan udara, terangkan mengapa P mengembang.By referring to volume and air pressure, explain why P inflates.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[1 markmarkah]
(d)Nyatakan satu kelemahan model ini berbanding sistem pernafasan sebenar.State one limitation of this model compared with the real respiratory system.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
24
QuestionSoalan 24
Rajah 3 menunjukkan lukisan satu sel pipi manusia yang dilihat di bawah mikroskop cahaya selepas diwarnakan dengan metilena biru. Panjang XY dalam lukisan itu ialah 48 mm. Panjang sebenar sel itu ialah 40 µm.Diagram 3 shows a drawing of a human cheek cell seen under a light microscope after staining with methylene blue. The length XY in the drawing is 48 mm. The actual length of the cell is 40 µm.
[3 marksmarkah]
(a)Namakan struktur P, Q dan R.Name structures P, Q and R.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[1 markmarkah]
(b)Mengapakah sel pipi diwarnakan dengan metilena biru?Why is the cheek cell stained with methylene blue?
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[2 marksmarkah]
(c)Hitung pembesaran lukisan itu. Tunjukkan kerja anda.Calculate the magnification of the drawing. Show your working.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[1 markmarkah]
(d)Nyatakan satu perbezaan yang kelihatan antara sel ini dengan sel epidermis bawang.State one visible difference between this cell and an onion epidermal cell.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
25
QuestionSoalan 25
Seorang pegawai perikanan mengkaji pertumbuhan sekumpulan anak ikan keli di dalam kolam. Dia menimbang jisim basah dan jisim kering min seekor ikan setiap dua minggu.
A fisheries officer studies the growth of a group of young catfish in a pond. She weighs the mean fresh mass and dry mass of one fish every two weeks.
| Umur / Age (minggu / weeks) | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jisim basah / Fresh mass (g) | 5 | 7 | 20 | 80 | 190 | 280 | 300 |
| Jisim kering / Dry mass (g) | 1.0 | 1.5 | 4 | 17 | 40 | 60 | 64 |
[2 marksmarkah]
(a)Antara minggu 0 hingga 12, pada selang dua minggu yang manakah kadar pertambahan jisim basah paling tinggi? Hitung kadar itu dalam g seminggu.Between weeks 0 and 12, in which two-week interval is the increase in fresh mass the highest? Calculate the rate in g per week.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[2 marksmarkah]
(b)Namakan fasa pertumbuhan antara minggu 0 dengan minggu 2 dan nyatakan mengapa pertumbuhan perlahan.Name the phase of growth between week 0 and week 2 and state why growth is slow.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[2 marksmarkah]
(c)Nyatakan apa yang berlaku kepada kadar pertumbuhan antara minggu 10 dengan minggu 12 dan namakan fasa itu.State what happens to the rate of growth between week 10 and week 12 and name the phase.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[1 markmarkah]
(d)Antara jisim basah dengan jisim kering, yang manakah parameter pertumbuhan yang lebih tepat? Beri satu sebab.Which is the more accurate parameter of growth, fresh mass or dry mass? Give one reason.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[1 markmarkah]
(e)Hitung peratus jisim kering daripada jisim basah pada minggu ke-12.Calculate the percentage of dry mass in the fresh mass at week 12.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
26
QuestionSoalan 26
Rajah 4 menunjukkan keratan rentas tiga jenis salur darah manusia, P, Q dan R.Diagram 4 shows cross-sections of three types of human blood vessels, P, Q and R.
[3 marksmarkah]
(a)Namakan salur P, Q dan R.Name vessels P, Q and R.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[1 markmarkah]
(b)Nyatakan satu ciri struktur P yang membolehkannya menahan tekanan darah yang tinggi.State one structural feature of P that enables it to withstand high blood pressure.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[2 marksmarkah]
(c)Nyatakan ciri yang terdapat dalam Q tetapi tidak terdapat dalam P. Terangkan fungsinya.State a feature present in Q but absent from P. Explain its function.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[2 marksmarkah]
(d)Terangkan dua penyesuaian R untuk pertukaran bahan antara darah dengan sel badan.Explain two adaptations of R for the exchange of substances between the blood and body cells.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
27
QuestionSoalan 27
Rajah 5 menunjukkan satu neuron yang menghantar impuls ke otot tangan.Diagram 5 shows a neurone that carries impulses to a muscle in the hand.
[5 marksmarkah]
(a)Namakan struktur P, Q, R, S dan T.Name structures P, Q, R, S and T.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[2 marksmarkah]
(b)Terangkan mengapa impuls bergerak lebih cepat dalam neuron ini berbanding neuron tanpa R.Explain why an impulse travels faster in this neurone than in a neurone without R.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[1 markmarkah]
(c)Namakan jenis neuron ini. Beri satu sebab.Name the type of this neurone. Give one reason.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
Bahagian CSection C
30 marksmarkahJawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.Answer all questions in this section.
28
QuestionSoalan 28
Petikan akhbar: “Semakin ramai murid sekolah berlebihan berat badan kerana pilihan makanan mereka. Danish, 16 tahun, ialah pelari sekolah. Dalam setahun, jisimnya naik daripada 58 kg kepada 71 kg. Dia sering tidak bersarapan, makan roti canai dan ayam goreng di kantin, serta minum minuman manis sepanjang hari. Dia juga berkata dia hanya buang air besar sekali dalam tiga hari dan najisnya keras.” Seorang pakar diet merekodkan makanan Danish dalam satu hari (Jadual 1). Keperluan tenaga harian Danish ialah 8 500 kJ.
Newspaper extract: “More and more schoolchildren are overweight because of the food they choose. Danish, aged 16, is a school runner. In one year his mass has risen from 58 kg to 71 kg. He often skips breakfast, eats roti canai and fried chicken at the canteen and drinks sweet drinks all day. He also says that he passes stool only once in three days and it is hard.” A dietitian recorded what Danish ate in one day (Table 1). Danish's daily energy requirement is 8 500 kJ.
| Makanan / Food | Jisim dimakan / Mass eaten (g) | Nilai tenaga / Energy value (kJ g⁻¹) | Tenaga / Energy (kJ) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nasi lemak dengan telur goreng / Nasi lemak with fried egg | 250 | 8.0 | 2 000 |
| Ayam goreng / Fried chicken | 150 | 10.0 | 1 500 |
| Roti canai / Roti canai | 200 | 12.0 | 2 400 |
| Teh tarik manis / Sweet teh tarik | 400 | 2.5 | 1 000 |
| Minuman bergas / Soft drink | 500 | 1.8 | 900 |
| Mi goreng / Fried noodles | 300 | 7.0 | 2 100 |
| Timun dan betik / Cucumber and papaya | 100 | 1.0 | 100 |
[2 marksmarkah]
(a)Hitung jumlah tenaga yang diambil oleh Danish dalam satu hari dan lebihan tenaganya berbanding keperluannya.Calculate the total energy Danish takes in one day and his excess energy compared with his requirement.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[2 marksmarkah]
(b)Namakan makanan dalam Jadual 1 yang mempunyai nilai tenaga yang paling tinggi bagi setiap gram dan nyatakan kelas makanan utama yang menyebabkannya.Name the food in Table 1 with the highest energy value per gram and state the main food class responsible.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[2 marksmarkah]
(c)Terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada glukosa berlebihan dalam badan Danish.Explain what happens to the excess glucose in Danish's body.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[2 marksmarkah]
(d)Namakan keadaan yang dialami Danish dan terangkan bagaimana serat dalam diet dapat menyelesaikannya.Name the condition Danish has and explain how fibre in the diet helps to solve it.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[3 marksmarkah]
(e)Seorang kawan menyarankan Danish melangkau lebih banyak waktu makan untuk menurunkan jisim. Nilaikan cadangan itu.A friend suggests that Danish should skip more meals to lose mass. Evaluate this suggestion.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[4 marksmarkah]
(f)Cadangkan tiga perubahan kepada diet Danish dengan satu sebab bagi setiap perubahan, dan nyatakan satu panduan untuk merancang hidangannya.Suggest three changes to Danish's diet with a reason for each, and state one guideline for planning his meals.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Any 4 pointsMana-mana 4 isi
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
29
QuestionSoalan 29
Seorang pembuat roti ingin menghasilkan roti dengan lebih cepat. Dia tahu bahawa yis menghasilkan karbon dioksida melalui fermentasi dalam doh dan ingin menyiasat kesan suhu terhadap kadar fermentasi yis. Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan satu penyiasatan yang menggunakan larutan glukosa yang telah dididihkan dan disejukkan, ditambah yis dan dilindungi dengan lapisan minyak. Isi padu karbon dioksida yang dikumpulkan dalam 20 minit direkodkan. Rajah 6 menunjukkan bilangan sel yis dalam satu tong doh cecair pada suhu 30 °C.
A baker wants to make bread faster. He knows that yeast produces carbon dioxide by fermentation in dough and wants to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of fermentation by yeast. Table 2 shows the results of an investigation using boiled and cooled glucose solution with yeast added and covered with a layer of oil. The volume of carbon dioxide collected in 20 minutes was recorded. Diagram 6 shows the number of yeast cells in a vat of liquid dough kept at 30 °C.
| Suhu / Temperature (°C) | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isi padu CO₂ dalam 20 minit / Volume of CO₂ in 20 minutes (cm³) | 3 | 8 | 17 | 24 | 9 | 0 |
[1 markmarkah]
(a)Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai untuk penyiasatan ini.State a suitable hypothesis for this investigation.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[3 marksmarkah]
(b)Nyatakan pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan, pemboleh ubah bergerak balas dan satu pemboleh ubah dimalarkan.State the manipulated variable, the responding variable and one constant variable.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[4 marksmarkah]
(c)Huraikan prosedur untuk menjalankan penyiasatan ini sehingga menghasilkan keputusan seperti dalam Jadual 2.Describe a procedure to carry out this investigation that gives the results in Table 2.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[3 marksmarkah]
(d)Berdasarkan Jadual 2, nyatakan suhu optimum yang ditunjukkan dan terangkan keputusan pada 60 °C.Based on Table 2, state the optimum temperature shown and explain the result at 60 °C.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
[4 marksmarkah]
(e)Rajah 6 menunjukkan pertumbuhan populasi yis. (i) Namakan fasa pertumbuhan pada jam 0 hingga 2 dan pada jam 12 hingga 14. (ii) Terangkan mengapa bilangan sel berhenti bertambah selepas jam ke-12. (iii) Hitung kadar pertumbuhan populasi antara jam ke-6 dengan jam ke-8.Diagram 6 shows the growth of the yeast population. (i) Name the phase of growth at 0 to 2 hours and at 12 to 14 hours. (ii) Explain why the number of cells stops increasing after 12 hours. (iii) Calculate the rate of growth of the population between 6 hours and 8 hours.
Show answerTunjuk jawapanHide answerSembunyi jawapan
Tick each point you got.Tandakan setiap isi yang betul.
Test specification (JSU)Jadual Spesifikasi Ujian (JSU)
| Chapter | RememberingMengingat | UnderstandingMemahami | ApplyingMengaplikasi | AnalysingMenganalisis | EvaluatingMenilai | CreatingMencipta | Items | marksmarkah |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Introduction to Biology and Laboratory Rules | – | 1 (1) | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
| 2. Cell Biology and Organisation | 1 (1) | – | 2 (8) | – | – | – | 3 | 9 |
| 3. Movement of Substances across a Plasma Membrane | – | 1 (1) | – | 1 (1) | – | – | 2 | 2 |
| 4. Chemical Compositions in a Cell | 1 (1) | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
| 5. Metabolism and Enzymes | – | 1 (1) | – | 1 (1) | – | – | 2 | 2 |
| 6. Cell Division | 1 (1) | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
| 7. Cellular Respiration | – | – | 2 (7) | – | – | – | 2 | 7 |
| 8. Respiratory Systems in Humans and Animals | – | 1 (7) | 1 (1) | – | – | – | 2 | 8 |
| 9. Nutrition and the Human Digestive System | 2 (7) | – | 1 (1) | – | 1 (15) | – | 4 | 23 |
| 10. Transport in Humans and Animals | 2 (9) | – | – | 1 (1) | – | – | 3 | 10 |
| 11. Immunity in Humans | – | 1 (1) | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
| 12. Coordination and Response in Humans | 2 (9) | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 9 |
| 13. Homeostasis and the Human Urinary System | – | – | – | 1 (1) | – | – | 1 | 1 |
| 14. Support and Movement in Humans and Animals | 1 (1) | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
| 15. Sexual Reproduction, Development and Growth in Humans and Animals | – | 1 (1) | – | 1 (8) | – | 1 (15) | 3 | 24 |
| TotalJumlah | 10 (29) | 6 (12) | 6 (17) | 5 (12) | 1 (15) | 1 (15) | 29 | 100 |
Each cell shows items (marks).Setiap petak menunjukkan item (markah).