Practice paper, not an official KPM paper
4541
Peperiksaan Percubaan SPM (Model)SPM Trial Examination (Model)
KimiaChemistry
Tingkatan 5, 2 jam / 2 hours, 100 marks
Nama / Name
Kelas / Class
Tarikh / Date
Markah / Marks: / 100
Instructions
- Kertas soalan ini mengandungi empat bahagian: Bahagian A, Bahagian B, Bahagian C dan Bahagian D.This question paper consists of four sections: Section A, Section B, Section C and Section D.
- Bahagian A: pilih satu jawapan bagi setiap soalan. Bahagian B: jawab semua soalan. Bahagian C: jawab satu soalan sahaja. Bahagian D: soalan mesti dijawab.Section A: choose one answer for each question. Section B: answer all questions. Section C: answer one question only. Section D: this question must be answered.
- Kerja mengira anda mesti ditunjukkan.Your working must be shown.
- Rajah yang mengiringi soalan tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan.The diagrams are not drawn to scale unless stated.
- Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam Bahasa Melayu atau Bahasa Inggeris.Answers may be written in Bahasa Melayu or English.
- Jadual Berkala Unsur dan kalkulator saintifik dibenarkan.The Periodic Table and a scientific calculator are allowed.
Answer schemes are in English (DLP).
Practice shows answers as you go. Exam times you and hides answers until you submit.
Bahagian ASection A
20 marksJawab semua soalan. Setiap soalan diikuti oleh empat pilihan jawapan, A, B, C dan D. Pilih satu jawapan sahaja.Answer all questions. Each question is followed by four options, A, B, C and D. Choose one answer only.
1
Question 1
Besi(III) oksida bertindak balas dengan karbon monoksida di dalam relau bagas: Fe₂O₃ + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO₂. Bahan manakah ialah agen penurunan?Iron(III) oxide reacts with carbon monoxide in a blast furnace: Fe₂O₃ + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO₂. Which substance is the reducing agent?
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B
CO gains oxygen to form CO₂, so it is oxidised and is the reducing agent. Fe₂O₃ loses oxygen, so it is reduced and is the oxidising agent.
2
Question 2
Dalam spesies manakah sulfur mempunyai nombor pengoksidaan +4?In which species does sulphur have an oxidation number of +4?
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C
SO₃²⁻: x + 3(-2) = -2, so x = +4. In SO₃ and SO₄²⁻ sulphur is +6, and in H₂S it is -2.
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Question 3
Sel kimia dibina daripada separuh sel Al³⁺/Al (E° = -1.66 V) dan separuh sel Ni²⁺/Ni (E° = -0.25 V). Apakah terminal negatif dan voltan sel itu?A chemical cell is made from an Al³⁺/Al half-cell (E° = -1.66 V) and an Ni²⁺/Ni half-cell (E° = -0.25 V). What are the negative terminal and the cell voltage?
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A
Aluminium has the more negative E°, so it is the negative terminal. E°cell = (-0.25) - (-1.66) = +1.41 V. 1.91 V comes from adding the values wrongly.
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Question 4
Jadual menunjukkan voltan dan terminal negatif bagi dua sel kimia yang dibina daripada logam P, Q dan R.
Apakah susunan logam daripada agen penurunan yang paling kuat kepada yang paling lemah, dan berapakah voltan sel yang dibina daripada R dan Q?The table shows the voltage and the negative terminal of two chemical cells made from metals P, Q and R. What is the order of the metals from the strongest to the weakest reducing agent, and what is the voltage of a cell made from R and Q?
| Sel / Cell | Logam / Metals | Voltan / Voltage (V) | Terminal negatif / Negative terminal |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | P dan/and Q | 0.78 | P |
| II | R dan/and P | 0.32 | R |
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D
R is the negative terminal against P, and P is the negative terminal against Q, so the order is R > P > Q. The voltage of R and Q = 0.32 + 0.78 = 1.10 V (the differences add up along the series). 0.46 V is the difference 0.78 - 0.32.
5
Question 5
Rumus molekul manakah mewakili satu asid karboksilik?Which molecular formula represents a carboxylic acid?
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B
A carboxylic acid has the carboxyl group -COOH (general formula CnH2n+1COOH). C₂H₅OH is an alcohol, CH₃COOCH₃ an ester and C₃H₆ an alkene.
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Question 6
Rajah 1 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi satu hidrokarbon. Apakah nama IUPAC bagi hidrokarbon itu?Diagram 1 shows the structural formula of a hydrocarbon. What is the IUPAC name of the hydrocarbon?
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A
The longest chain has 4 carbon atoms (butane). Numbering from the end nearer the branch gives the methyl group the lowest number, 2. In B the chain is numbered from the wrong end; in C and D the longest chain was not chosen correctly.
7
Question 7
Berapakah bilangan isomer alkohol yang mempunyai formula molekul C₄H₉OH?How many alcohol isomers have the molecular formula C₄H₉OH?
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D
Butan-1-ol, butan-2-ol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol and 2-methylpropan-2-ol: two straight-chain (position isomers) and two branched-chain.
8
Question 8
Pasangan bahan manakah bertindak balas dengan kehadiran asid sulfurik pekat untuk menghasilkan propil metanoat?Which pair of substances reacts in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid to form propyl methanoate?
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A
The first part of the name (propyl) comes from the alcohol, propan-1-ol; the second part (methanoate) comes from methanoic acid. B gives propyl ethanoate, C methyl propanoate and D methyl butanoate.
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Question 9
0.05 mol suatu hidrokarbon terbakar lengkap dalam oksigen berlebihan untuk menghasilkan 0.15 mol karbon dioksida dan 0.20 mol air. Apakah formula molekul hidrokarbon itu?0.05 mol of a hydrocarbon burns completely in excess oxygen to give 0.15 mol of carbon dioxide and 0.20 mol of water. What is the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon?
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B
Carbon: 0.15 ÷ 0.05 = 3 C per molecule. Hydrogen: 0.20 mol H₂O contains 0.40 mol H, and 0.40 ÷ 0.05 = 8 H per molecule. The formula is C₃H₈ (an alkane).
10
Question 10
Antara kaedah berikut, yang manakah digunakan untuk menukarkan etanol kepada etena?Which method is used to change ethanol into ethene?
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C
Dehydration: ethanol vapour passed over hot porcelain chips (or alumina) loses water to form ethene. A oxidises ethanol to ethanoic acid and D forms an ester.
11
Question 11
Apakah unit bagi haba tindak balas, ΔH?What is the unit of the heat of reaction, ΔH?
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D
Heat of reaction is the heat change per mole of reactant or product, so the unit is kJ mol⁻¹. kJ g⁻¹ is the unit of fuel value and J g⁻¹ °C⁻¹ of specific heat capacity.
12
Question 12
Haba pembakaran propan-1-ol, C₃H₇OH, ialah -2016 kJ mol⁻¹. 0.60 g propan-1-ol dibakar dan semua haba yang dibebaskan diserap oleh 200 cm³ air. Berapakah kenaikan suhu air itu? [Jisim atom relatif: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16; muatan haba tentu air = 4.2 J g⁻¹ °C⁻¹]The heat of combustion of propan-1-ol, C₃H₇OH, is -2016 kJ mol⁻¹. 0.60 g of propan-1-ol is burnt and all the heat released is absorbed by 200 cm³ of water. What is the rise in temperature of the water? [Relative atomic mass: H = 1, C = 12, O = 16; specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g⁻¹ °C⁻¹]
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A
M(C₃H₇OH) = 60, so n = 0.60 ÷ 60 = 0.010 mol. Heat = 0.010 × 2016 = 20.16 kJ = 20 160 J. θ = 20 160 ÷ (200 × 4.2) = 24.0 °C.
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Question 13
Persamaan termokimia bagi pembentukan ammonia ialah N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃, ΔH = -93 kJ mol⁻¹. Tenaga ikatan N≡N ialah 945 kJ mol⁻¹ dan N–H ialah 391 kJ mol⁻¹. Berapakah tenaga ikatan H–H?The thermochemical equation for the formation of ammonia is N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃, ΔH = -93 kJ mol⁻¹. The bond energy of N≡N is 945 kJ mol⁻¹ and of N–H is 391 kJ mol⁻¹. What is the bond energy of H–H?
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D
Energy released forming 6 N–H bonds = 6 × 391 = 2346 kJ. ΔH = energy to break bonds - energy released: -93 = (945 + 3x) - 2346, so 3x = 1308 and x = 436 kJ mol⁻¹. 1308 forgets to divide by the 3 mol of H–H.
14
Question 14
Polimer manakah keras dan kuat serta sesuai untuk membuat paip air?Which polymer is hard and strong and suitable for making water pipes?
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B
PVC is strong and hard and is used for water pipes and insulators. Polystyrene is light and used for food packaging, natural rubber is elastic and nylon is used for ropes and clothes.
15
Question 15
Getah sintetik manakah tahan lelasan dan haba, serta digunakan untuk membuat tayar dan tapak kasut?Which synthetic rubber resists abrasion and heat and is used to make tyres and shoe soles?
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A
SBR is abrasion- and heat-resistant, so it is used for tyres and shoe soles. Neoprene is used for hoses and conveyor belts, silicone rubber for medical implants and cooking utensils, nitrile rubber for oil-resistant gloves and sealants.
16
Question 16
Suatu sampel polivinil klorida mempunyai jisim molekul relatif 31 250. Berapakah bilangan unit monomer, kloroetena CH₂=CHCl, dalam satu molekul polimer itu? [Jisim atom relatif: H = 1, C = 12, Cl = 35.5]A sample of polyvinyl chloride has a relative molecular mass of 31 250. How many monomer units of chloroethene, CH₂=CHCl, are there in one polymer molecule? [Relative atomic mass: H = 1, C = 12, Cl = 35.5]
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C
M(CH₂=CHCl) = 2(12) + 3(1) + 35.5 = 62.5. In addition polymerisation no atoms are lost, so n = 31 250 ÷ 62.5 = 500.
17
Question 17
Satu nanometer (1 nm) sama denganOne nanometre (1 nm) is equal to
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C
1 nm = 10⁻⁹ m. Nanoparticles lie between 1 nm and 100 nm, that is 10⁻⁹ m to 10⁻⁷ m.
18
Question 18
Beberapa titik air bromin ditambah kepada minyak jagung dan campuran itu digoncang. Warna perang bromin dinyahwarnakan. Apakah kesimpulan yang boleh dibuat?A few drops of bromine water are added to corn oil and the mixture is shaken. The brown colour of the bromine is decolourised. What conclusion can be made?
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B
Bromine adds across C=C double bonds, so the brown colour disappears. This shows the oil contains unsaturated fatty acids. It is an oil (liquid, from a plant), an ester, not a fat or an acid.
19
Question 19
Natrium tripolifosfat ditambah kepada serbuk detergen. Apakah fungsinya?Sodium tripolyphosphate is added to a detergent powder. What is its function?
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A
Sodium tripolyphosphate is a water softener (builder). B is a biological enzyme, C an optical whitener and D a foam control agent.
20
Question 20
Satu molekul trigliserida terdiri daripada dua molekul asid linoleik dan satu molekul asid oleik. Asid linoleik mempunyai dua ikatan ganda dua C=C dan asid oleik mempunyai satu ikatan ganda dua C=C. Berapakah bilangan mol gas hidrogen yang diperlukan untuk menepukan 1 mol trigliserida itu sepenuhnya?A molecule of a triglyceride is made from two molecules of linoleic acid and one molecule of oleic acid. Linoleic acid has two C=C double bonds and oleic acid has one C=C double bond. How many moles of hydrogen gas are needed to hydrogenate 1 mol of the triglyceride completely?
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C
C=C bonds per molecule = 2 × 2 + 1 = 5. Each C=C adds one H₂ molecule (nickel catalyst), so 5 mol of H₂ are needed.
Bahagian BSection B
40 marksJawab semua soalan. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan.Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
21
Question 21
Rajah 2 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi tiga sebatian karbon, P, Q dan R.Diagram 2 shows the structural formulae of three carbon compounds, P, Q and R.
[3 marks]
(a)Namakan siri homolog bagi P, Q dan R.Name the homologous series of P, Q and R.
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[1 mark]
(b)Namakan kumpulan berfungsi bagi Q.Name the functional group of Q.
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[1 mark]
(c)Q dan R dipanaskan bersama beberapa titis asid sulfurik pekat untuk menghasilkan satu sebatian berbau manis. Namakan jenis tindak balas ini.Q and R are heated together with a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid to form a sweet-smelling compound. Name this type of reaction.
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[1 mark]
(d)Namakan sebatian berbau manis yang terbentuk.Name the sweet-smelling compound formed.
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Q is propan-1-ol (propyl) and R is propanoic acid (propanoate).
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[1 mark]
(e)Tulis formula molekul atau formula struktur sebatian itu.Write the molecular formula or the structural formula of the compound.
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[1 mark]
(f)Nyatakan satu sifat fizik sebatian itu.State one physical property of the compound.
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[2 marks]
(g)P ditambah kepada air bromin dan digoncang. Nyatakan pemerhatian dan namakan hasil yang terbentuk.P is added to bromine water and shaken. State the observation and name the product formed.
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22
Question 22
Seorang murid membandingkan keberkesanan dua agen pencuci, P dan Q, dalam tiga jenis air. P mengandungi anion C₁₇H₃₅COO⁻ dan Q mengandungi anion C₁₂H₂₅OSO₃⁻. Kain putih yang sama saiz dan sama jenis kekotoran (minyak sapi) dibasuh dengan 1 g agen pencuci dalam 100 cm³ air. Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan.
A pupil compares the effectiveness of two cleaning agents, P and Q, in three types of water. P contains the anion C₁₇H₃₅COO⁻ and Q contains the anion C₁₂H₂₅OSO₃⁻. Identical white cloths with the same type of stain (ghee) are washed with 1 g of the cleaning agent in 100 cm³ of water. Table 1 shows the results.
| Air / Water | P | Q |
|---|---|---|
| Air suling / Distilled water | Banyak buih, kotoran tanggal / Much foam, stain removed | Banyak buih, kotoran tanggal / Much foam, stain removed |
| Air liat / Hard water | Sedikit buih, pepejal putih terbentuk, kotoran masih ada / Little foam, white solid formed, stain remains | Banyak buih, kotoran tanggal / Much foam, stain removed |
| Air berasid / Acidic water | Mendakan putih berminyak, kotoran masih ada / Oily white precipitate, stain remains | Banyak buih, kotoran tanggal / Much foam, stain removed |
[2 marks]
(a)Namakan jenis agen pencuci P dan Q.Name the type of cleaning agent P and Q.
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[1 mark]
(b)Namakan pepejal putih yang terbentuk apabila P digunakan dalam air liat.Name the white solid formed when P is used in hard water.
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[1 mark]
(c)Nyatakan satu ion yang menyebabkan air menjadi liat.State one ion that makes water hard.
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[1 mark]
(d)Terangkan mengapa Q masih berkesan dalam air liat.Explain why Q is still effective in hard water.
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[1 mark]
(e)Apakah yang membentuk mendakan putih berminyak dalam air berasid apabila P ditambah?What forms the oily white precipitate in acidic water when P is added?
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[1 mark]
(f)Nyatakan bahagian anion P yang larut dalam minyak sapi.State the part of the anion of P that dissolves in ghee.
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[1 mark]
(g)Nyatakan satu pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan dalam eksperimen ini.State one variable that is kept constant in this experiment.
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[1 mark]
(h)Satu enzim protease ditambah kepada Q. Apakah fungsinya?A protease enzyme is added to Q. What is its function?
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23
Question 23
Besi diekstrak daripada bijih hematit, Fe₂O₃, di dalam relau bagas, manakala aluminium diekstrak daripada aluminium oksida lebur melalui elektrolisis.Iron is extracted from the ore haematite, Fe₂O₃, in a blast furnace, while aluminium is extracted from molten aluminium oxide by electrolysis.
[2 marks]
(a)Tulis persamaan kimia bagi penurunan hematit oleh karbon monoksida.Write the chemical equation for the reduction of haematite by carbon monoxide.
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[1 mark]
(b)Namakan agen penurunan dalam tindak balas itu.Name the reducing agent in the reaction.
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[2 marks]
(c)Batu kapur, CaCO₃, ditambah ke dalam relau itu. Nyatakan fungsinya dan tulis persamaan bagi tindak balas yang menjalankan fungsi itu.Limestone, CaCO₃, is added to the furnace. State its function and write the equation of the reaction that carries out the function.
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[1 mark]
(d)Nyatakan satu sebab pengekstrakan aluminium memerlukan kos yang lebih tinggi daripada pengekstrakan besi.State one reason why the extraction of aluminium costs more than the extraction of iron.
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[1 mark]
(e)Tulis setengah persamaan pada katod dalam pengekstrakan aluminium.Write the half equation at the cathode in the extraction of aluminium.
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[1 mark]
(f)Anod karbon perlu diganti dari semasa ke semasa. Terangkan mengapa.The carbon anodes have to be replaced from time to time. Explain why.
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24
Question 24
Jadual 2 menunjukkan tiga objek P, Q dan R beserta tingkah laku bahan pembuatnya apabila dipanaskan kuat.
Table 2 shows three objects P, Q and R and the behaviour of the materials they are made from when strongly heated.
| Objek / Object | Bahan / Material | Apabila dipanaskan / On heating |
|---|---|---|
| P: bekas makanan / food container | Polistirena / Polystyrene | Melembut dan boleh dibentuk semula / Softens and can be reshaped |
| Q: pemegang kuali / pan handle | Bakelit / Bakelite | Tidak melembut, menjadi hangus / Does not soften, chars |
| R: tali pancing / fishing line | Nilon / Nylon | Melembut dan boleh dibentuk semula / Softens and can be reshaped |
[1 mark]
(a)Polistirena ialah polimer yang dihasilkan daripada stirena. Apakah maksud monomer?Polystyrene is a polymer made from styrene. What is meant by a monomer?
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[1 mark]
(b)Pempolimeran penambahan membentuk polistirena. Nyatakan satu ciri struktur monomer yang menjalani pempolimeran penambahan.Addition polymerisation forms polystyrene. State one structural feature of a monomer that undergoes addition polymerisation.
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[2 marks]
(c)Berdasarkan Jadual 2, kelaskan bahan bagi P dan Q sebagai termoplastik atau termoset.Based on Table 2, classify the materials of P and Q as thermoplastic or thermoset.
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[1 mark]
(d)Terangkan mengapa pemegang kuali Q tidak boleh dikitar semula.Explain why the pan handle Q cannot be recycled.
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[1 mark]
(e)Tali pancing nilon R yang dibuang ke laut tidak mereput. Nyatakan satu kesan terhadap rantai makanan.Nylon fishing line R thrown into the sea does not decay. State one effect on the food chain.
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[1 mark]
(f)Cadangkan satu cara untuk mengurangkan pencemaran oleh plastik.Suggest one way to reduce pollution by plastics.
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25
Question 25
Serbuk zink berlebihan ditambah kepada 100 cm³ larutan kuprum(II) sulfat 0.20 mol dm⁻³ dalam cawan polistirena pada suhu 28.0 °C. Suhu tertinggi yang dicapai ialah 38.0 °C. [Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 J g⁻¹ °C⁻¹; ketumpatan larutan = 1 g cm⁻³]Excess zinc powder is added to 100 cm³ of 0.20 mol dm⁻³ copper(II) sulphate solution in a polystyrene cup at 28.0 °C. The highest temperature reached is 38.0 °C. [Specific heat capacity of the solution = 4.2 J g⁻¹ °C⁻¹; density of the solution = 1 g cm⁻³]
[1 mark]
(a)Tulis persamaan ion bagi tindak balas penyesaran itu.Write the ionic equation for the displacement reaction.
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[1 mark]
(b)Hitung bilangan mol kuprum yang disesarkan.Calculate the number of moles of copper displaced.
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[2 marks]
(c)Hitung haba penyesaran kuprum oleh zink.Calculate the heat of displacement of copper by zinc.
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[2 marks]
(d)Eksperimen itu diulang dengan 50 cm³ larutan kuprum(II) sulfat 0.40 mol dm⁻³ dan zink berlebihan. Hitung kenaikan suhu.The experiment is repeated with 50 cm³ of 0.40 mol dm⁻³ copper(II) sulphate solution and excess zinc. Calculate the rise in temperature.
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The same number of moles reacts, but it heats only half the mass of solution, so the rise is double (20.0 °C instead of 10.0 °C).
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Bahagian CSection C
20 marksJawab satu soalan sahaja. Setiap soalan bernilai 20 markah. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan.Answer one question only. Each question is worth 20 marks. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
26Choose 1
Question 26
Rajah 3 menunjukkan siri tindak balas bagi sebatian X, propan-1-ol, C₃H₇OH. Y, Z, V dan W ialah sebatian karbon.Diagram 3 shows a series of reactions of compound X, propan-1-ol, C₃H₇OH. Y, Z, V and W are carbon compounds.
[1 mark]
(a)Namakan Y menggunakan nama IUPAC.Name Y using the IUPAC name.
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[2 marks]
(b)Namakan Proses I dan tulis persamaan kimia bagi proses itu.Name Process I and write the chemical equation for the process.
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[1 mark]
(c)Namakan Z.Name Z.
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[1 mark]
(d)Dalam Proses II, kalium dikromat(VI) berasid digunakan. Nyatakan perubahan warna yang diperhatikan.In Process II, acidified potassium dichromate(VI) is used. State the colour change observed.
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[1 mark]
(e)Proses II dijalankan dengan pemanasan secara refluks. Terangkan mengapa.Process II is carried out by heating under reflux. Explain why.
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[1 mark]
(f)Namakan W.Name W.
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[2 marks]
(g)Tulis persamaan kimia bagi Proses IV.Write the chemical equation for Process IV.
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[1 mark]
(h)Nyatakan fungsi asid sulfurik pekat dalam Proses IV.State the function of the concentrated sulphuric acid in Process IV.
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[1 mark]
(i)W digunakan sebagai perisa dalam gula-gula. Berikan satu alasan mengapa W sesuai untuk kegunaan ini.W is used as a flavouring in sweets. Give one reason why W is suitable for this use.
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[2 marks]
(j)Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk membezakan Y daripada V, termasuk pemerhatian bagi setiap sebatian.Describe one chemical test to distinguish Y from V, including the observation for each compound.
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[2 marks]
(k)Hitung peratusan karbon mengikut jisim dalam Y dan V. [Jisim atom relatif: H = 1, C = 12]Calculate the percentage of carbon by mass in Y and V. [Relative atomic mass: H = 1, C = 12]
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[1 mark]
(l)Yang manakah, Y atau V, terbakar dengan nyalaan yang lebih berjelaga? Terangkan.Which, Y or V, burns with the sootier flame? Explain.
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[1 mark]
(m)Terangkan mengapa Y boleh menjalani tindak balas penambahan dengan hidrogen tetapi V tidak boleh.Explain why Y can undergo an addition reaction with hydrogen but V cannot.
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[2 marks]
(n)X mempunyai satu isomer kedudukan. Namakan isomer itu dan nyatakan perbezaan strukturnya daripada X.X has one position isomer. Name the isomer and state how its structure differs from X.
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[1 mark]
(o)X dan isomernya mempunyai sifat kimia yang sama tetapi takat didih yang berbeza. Terangkan.X and its isomer have the same chemical properties but different boiling points. Explain.
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27Choose 1
Question 27
Siti menghasilkan sabun daripada minyak sawit di dalam Kelab Sains dan membandingkannya dengan detergen untuk membasuh pakaian yang berminyak.Siti makes soap from palm oil in the Science Club and compares it with a detergent for washing oily clothes.
[2 marks]
(a)Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara minyak sawit dengan mentega.State two differences between palm oil and butter.
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[1 mark]
(b)Namakan sebatian yang bertindak balas dengan asid lemak untuk membentuk minyak dan lemak.Name the compound that reacts with fatty acids to form oils and fats.
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[1 mark]
(c)Namakan proses penyediaan sabun daripada minyak sawit dan alkali pekat.Name the process of preparing soap from palm oil and concentrated alkali.
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[2 marks]
(d)Asid laurik, C₁₁H₂₃COOH, bertindak balas dengan kalium hidroksida. Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.Lauric acid, C₁₁H₂₃COOH, reacts with potassium hydroxide. Write the chemical equation for the reaction.
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[1 mark]
(e)Namakan sabun yang terbentuk dalam (d).Name the soap formed in (d).
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[2 marks]
(f)Anion sabun itu ialah CH₃(CH₂)₁₀COO⁻. Nyatakan bahagian hidrofilik dan bahagian hidrofobik anion itu.The soap anion is CH₃(CH₂)₁₀COO⁻. State the hydrophilic part and the hydrophobic part of the anion.
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[3 marks]
(g)Huraikan tindakan pencucian sabun ke atas kain yang berminyak.Describe the cleansing action of soap on an oily cloth.
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[3 marks]
(h)Label sos cili mengandungi natrium benzoat, gam xantan dan monosodium glutamat (MSG). Nyatakan jenis bahan tambah makanan bagi setiap satunya.The label of a chilli sauce lists sodium benzoate, xanthan gum and monosodium glutamate (MSG). State the type of food additive of each.
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[1 mark]
(i)Nyatakan satu sebab mengapa jumlah bahan tambah makanan mesti dikawal.State one reason why the amount of food additives must be controlled.
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[2 marks]
(j)Keluarga Siti tinggal di kawasan yang air telaganya liat. Cadangkan agen pencuci yang lebih sesuai untuk membasuh pakaian dan berikan satu justifikasi.Siti's family lives in an area where the well water is hard. Suggest the cleaning agent that is more suitable for washing clothes and give a justification.
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[2 marks]
(k)Baju sekolah Siti terkena darah. Cadangkan satu bahan tambah dalam detergen yang boleh menanggalkan kesan itu dan terangkan bagaimana ia berfungsi.Siti's school shirt has a blood stain. Suggest an additive in a detergent that can remove the stain and explain how it works.
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Bahagian DSection D
20 marksSoalan ini mesti dijawab. Tulis jawapan anda di ruang yang disediakan.This question must be answered. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
28
Question 28
Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu sel kimia. Elektrod magnesium dicelup dalam magnesium sulfat 1.0 mol dm⁻³ dan elektrod kuprum dicelup dalam kuprum(II) sulfat 1.0 mol dm⁻³. Kedua-dua larutan dihubungkan oleh jambatan garam. Nilai keupayaan elektrod piawai, E°: Mg²⁺/Mg = -2.38 V; Al³⁺/Al = -1.66 V; Cu²⁺/Cu = +0.34 V.Diagram 4 shows a chemical cell. A magnesium electrode is dipped in 1.0 mol dm⁻³ magnesium sulphate and a copper electrode is dipped in 1.0 mol dm⁻³ copper(II) sulphate. The two solutions are connected by a salt bridge. Standard electrode potentials, E°: Mg²⁺/Mg = -2.38 V; Al³⁺/Al = -1.66 V; Cu²⁺/Cu = +0.34 V.
[2 marks]
(a)Nyatakan terminal negatif dan berikan satu sebab.State the negative terminal and give one reason.
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[2 marks]
(b)Tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas pada terminal negatif dan terminal positif.Write the half equation for the reaction at the negative terminal and at the positive terminal.
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[1 mark]
(c)Tulis persamaan ion keseluruhan.Write the overall ionic equation.
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[2 marks]
(d)Nyatakan satu pemerhatian pada setiap elektrod selepas beberapa jam.State one observation at each electrode after a few hours.
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[1 mark]
(e)Hitung E° sel itu.Calculate the E° of the cell.
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[2 marks]
(f)Nyatakan dua fungsi jambatan garam.State two functions of the salt bridge.
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[2 marks]
(g)Magnesium digantikan dengan aluminium dalam larutan aluminium sulfat 1.0 mol dm⁻³. Hitung E° sel yang baharu dan nyatakan sama ada voltannya lebih tinggi atau lebih rendah daripada sel magnesium. Berikan sebab.Magnesium is replaced by aluminium in 1.0 mol dm⁻³ aluminium sulphate solution. Calculate the E° of the new cell and state whether its voltage is higher or lower than that of the magnesium cell. Give a reason.
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[8 marks]
(h)Bahagian ini tentang urutan kekuatan agen pengoksidaan klorin, bromin dan iodin. Rancang satu eksperimen makmal berdasarkan tindak balas penyesaran halogen. Jawapan anda mesti mengandungi (i) bahan dan radas, (ii) prosedur, (iii) jadual pemerhatian yang dijangka, dan (iv) kesimpulan.This part is about the order of oxidising strength of chlorine, bromine and iodine. Plan a laboratory experiment based on the displacement of halogens. Your answer must include (i) materials and apparatus, (ii) procedure, (iii) a table of expected observations, and (iv) a conclusion.
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Test specification (JSU)
| Chapter | Remembering | Understanding | Applying | Analysing | Evaluating | Creating | Items | marks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Redox equilibrium | 1 (1) | 1 (8) | 2 (2) | 2 (21) | – | – | 6 | 32 |
| 2. Carbon compound | 2 (2) | 2 (11) | 2 (2) | 2 (21) | – | – | 8 | 36 |
| 3. Thermochemistry | 1 (1) | – | 2 (7) | 1 (1) | – | – | 4 | 9 |
| 4. Polymer | 2 (2) | 1 (7) | 1 (1) | – | – | – | 4 | 10 |
| 5. Consumer and industrial chemistry | 1 (1) | 3 (11) | 1 (20) | 1 (1) | – | – | 6 | 33 |
| Total | 7 (7) | 7 (37) | 8 (32) | 6 (44) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 28 | 120 |
Each cell shows items (marks).