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Mathematics notes, unit 3

Fractions

Textbook Mathematics Year 1 (DLP), Textbook Part 1 and Part 2, pages Part 2, 1–10

What this chapter covers

  • You can say that a fraction is one or more equal parts of a whole (3.1.1)
  • You can name and write one over two (half) and one over four (quarter) (3.1.1)
  • You can name and write two over four and three over four (3.1.1)
  • You can find the fraction of a picture, and solve easy stories with one over two, one over four, two over four and three over four (3.2.1)

3.1One over two (half)

Mummy cuts a waffle into 2 equal parts. Each part is one over two.

A circle cut into 2 equal parts with 1 part shaded, labelled one over two
1 out of 2 equal parts is 1⁄2, "one over two". It is also called half.
A fraction is a part of a whole. The parts must be equal (the same size). 1⁄2 is also called half.
Two parts that are not the same size do not make halves.
A whole apple is cut into 2 equal parts. What is the fraction for each part?
Show answerHide answer
1⁄2 (one over two, or half).

3.2One over four (quarter)

A circle cut into 4 equal parts with 1 part shaded, labelled one over four
1 out of 4 equal parts is 1⁄4, "one over four". It is also called a quarter.
4 quarters make 1 whole cake. Put the 4 parts back together and you get the same shape again.
Adi eats 1 part of a cake that has 4 equal parts. What fraction does he eat?
Show answerHide answer
1⁄4 (one over four, or a quarter).

3.3Two over four and three over four

A strip of 4 equal parts with 2 parts shaded, labelled two over four
2 out of 4 parts is 2⁄4, "two over four".
A strip of 4 equal parts with 3 parts shaded, labelled three over four
3 out of 4 parts is 3⁄4, "three over four". It is also called three quarters.
Shaded partsFractionSay it
1 out of 41⁄4one over four
2 out of 42⁄4two over four
3 out of 43⁄4three over four
Worked example: write the fraction
Step 1. Count all the equal parts: 4. This goes at the bottom.
Step 2. Count the shaded parts: 3. This goes at the top.
Step 3. The fraction is 3⁄4.
2⁄4 is the same amount as 1⁄2. Half of a shape is the same as 2 out of 4 parts.
Lim cuts paper into 4 equal parts. He draws patterns on 3 parts. What fraction has patterns?
Show answerHide answer
3⁄4 (three over four).

3.4Solving problems

Read the story. Draw a picture. Count the equal parts, then count the parts you need.

Worked example: the pizza
Mummy cuts a pizza into 4 equal parts. One part is for Azim. What fraction is Azim's pizza?
1 part out of 4 parts = 1⁄4.
Worked example: the garden
2 out of 4 plots have tomato plants. What fraction of the plots has tomato plants?
2 out of 4 = 2⁄4.
Suri cuts a cake into 2 equal parts. She eats 1 part. What fraction does she eat?
Show answerHide answer
1⁄2, or half.

Summary

  • A fraction is a part of a whole. The parts must be equal.
  • 1⁄2 is "one over two" or half. 1⁄4 is "one over four" or a quarter.
  • 2⁄4 is "two over four". 3⁄4 is "three over four" or three quarters.
  • The bottom number is all the equal parts. The top number is the parts we take.