Science questions, chapter 10

Nama / NameKelas / ClassTarikh / Date

Space exploration

44 marks. Use Practice to check each answer as you go, or Exam to answer everything against the clock first.

Section A: objective questions

12 marks

Choose the best answer for each question.

Question 1

Which astronomer built the geocentric model of the Solar System?

Copernicus
Ptolemy
Kepler
Galileo

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Ptolemy built the geocentric model, with Earth at the centre. Copernicus built the heliocentric model and Kepler modified it.

For the teacher: Remembering, low difficulty, standard 10.1

Textbook p. 270

Question 2

The word 'heliocentric' means that the ______ is at the centre.

Earth
Moon
Mars
Sun

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'Helio' means Sun and 'centric' means centre. 'Geo' means Earth.

For the teacher: Understanding, low difficulty, standard 10.1

Textbook p. 270

Question 3

Diagram 1 shows a model of the Solar System. Which statement describes this model?

Earth at the centre with the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn on circular orbits around it — Diagram 1

Earth is at the centre and the Sun revolves around it in a circular orbit
The Sun is at the centre and Earth revolves around it in a circular orbit
The Sun is at one focal point of elliptical orbits
Earth rotates on its axis and revolves around the Sun

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Earth is at the centre and all objects, including the Sun, revolve around it in circular orbits. This is the geocentric model.

For the teacher: Applying, low difficulty, standard 10.1

Textbook p. 270

Question 4

What did Kepler change in the heliocentric model of Copernicus?

He put Earth at the centre
He made the Sun move around Earth
He changed the circular orbits of the planets to elliptical orbits
He added the Moon to the model

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Kepler kept the Sun at the centre but showed that the planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one common focal point.

For the teacher: Understanding, low difficulty, standard 10.1

Textbook p. 271

Question 5

Diagram 2 shows the modified heliocentric model. Which statement about it is correct?

Eight planets on elliptical orbits around the Sun, which is at one end of the ellipses — Diagram 2

The planets move in circular orbits around Earth
The Sun is at the centre of a set of circular orbits
The Sun is at a common focal point of the elliptical orbits
Earth is stationary and the planets revolve around it

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All the orbits are ellipses and the Sun sits at one common focal point, as in Kepler's Law. Earth (3) orbits the Sun.

For the teacher: Analysing, medium difficulty, standard 10.1

Textbook p. 271

Question 6

Which was the first satellite sent into space?

Sputnik 1
TiungSAT-1
MEASAT 1
Apollo 11

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Sputnik 1 (USSR, 1957) was the first satellite. TiungSAT-1 was Malaysia's first microsatellite (2000) and Apollo 11 was a mission to the Moon.

For the teacher: Remembering, low difficulty, standard 10.2

Textbook p. 273

Question 7

Which sequence lists these events from the earliest to the latest?
I. First human sets foot on the Moon
II. First satellite is launched
III. First human orbits Earth
IV. Hubble Space Telescope is launched

I, II, III, IV
II, I, III, IV
III, II, I, IV
II, III, I, IV

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Sputnik 1 (1957), Yuri Gagarin's orbit (1961), Apollo 11 on the Moon (1969), Hubble (1990): II, III, I, IV.

For the teacher: Understanding, medium difficulty, standard 10.2

Textbook p. 273

Question 8

How does a rocket move upwards?

The Moon's gravity pulls it up
Hot gases released at high speed through the bottom produce a force that pushes it up
Solar energy pushes it from above
Radio waves from the control station lift it

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When the fuel burns, hot gases are released at high speed through the bottom of the rocket. This produces a force that pushes the rocket upwards.

For the teacher: Understanding, low difficulty, standard 10.2

Textbook p. 274

Question 9

Diagram 3 shows some rockets used to send humans to space. Which rocket was used to send astronauts to the Moon?

Fourteen rockets side by side, labelled Vostok K, Redstone, Atlas, Voskhod, Titan II, Soyuz, Saturn 1B, Saturn V, STS, Long March 2F, Falcon 9, SLS, Angara 5P and Atlas V — Diagram 3

Soyuz
STS
Saturn V
Falcon 9

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The Saturn V rocket carried the Apollo astronauts to the Moon.

For the teacher: Applying, low difficulty, standard 10.2

Textbook p. 274

Question 10

How is a space probe different from a satellite?

A space probe travels far out of the Solar System but a satellite orbits Earth
A space probe orbits Earth but a satellite travels out of the Solar System
A space probe carries astronauts but a satellite does not
A space probe cannot send information back to Earth

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Space probes do not orbit Earth. They travel further into and out of the Solar System, and send information back by radio.

For the teacher: Understanding, low difficulty, standard 10.2

Textbook p. 275

Question 11

Which is an example of the use of remote sensing in disaster management?

Detecting suitable regions for agricultural development
Locating mineral sources
Detecting intrusion by enemy aircraft
Identifying forest fires

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Identifying pollution and forest fires belongs to disaster management. The first is agriculture, the second geology and the third defence.

For the teacher: Applying, medium difficulty, standard 10.2

Textbook p. 275

Question 12

The Hubble Space Telescope orbits about 500 km above Earth's surface. Which is the most suitable reason for placing a telescope in space?

It is closer to the Moon and can touch the planets
It can observe distant objects more clearly than a telescope on the ground
It can travel to other planets to explore them
It does not need any energy

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A space telescope orbiting above Earth observes distant objects more clearly than telescopes on the ground. It stays in orbit around Earth; it does not touch objects or travel to other planets, and it still needs energy to work.

For the teacher: Analysing, medium difficulty, standard 10.2

Textbook p. 274

Section B: structured questions

32 marks

Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

Question 13

Name the astronomer who built each model of the Solar System.

[1 mark] (a)The geocentric model

APtolemyBCopernicusCKepler

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Ptolemy

[1 mark] (b)The heliocentric model with circular orbits

APtolemyBCopernicusCKepler

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Copernicus

[1 mark] (c)The heliocentric model with elliptical orbits (Kepler's Law)

APtolemyBCopernicusCKepler

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Kepler

For the teacher: Remembering, low difficulty, standard 10.1

Textbook p. 270

Question 14

Compare the Solar System models built by Copernicus and Kepler.

[1 mark] (a)State one similarity.

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Any 1 points

Both are heliocentric / the Sun is at the centre of the Solar System1
Earth and the other planets revolve around the Sun1

Tick each point you got.

[1 mark] (b)State one difference.

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Copernicus: planets revolve in circular orbits; Kepler: planets revolve in elliptical orbits1

Tick each point you got.

For the teacher: Understanding, low difficulty, standard 10.1

Textbook p. 271

Question 15

Diagram 4 shows the geocentric model built by Ptolemy.

Geocentric model: Earth at the centre of circular orbits that carry the Moon, Sun and the planets — Diagram 4

[1 mark] (a)What is at the centre of this model?

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Earth1

Tick each point you got.

[2 marks] (b)State two ways in which the heliocentric model of Copernicus differs from this model.

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Any 2 points

The Sun is at the centre, not Earth1
Earth rotates on its axis and revolves around the Sun / Earth is not stationary1
The planets revolve around the Sun, not around Earth1

Tick each point you got.

For the teacher: Analysing, medium difficulty, standard 10.1

Textbook p. 270

Question 16

Answer these questions about the development of space exploration.

[1 mark] (a)Who first used a telescope in astronomy, in 1609?

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Galileo Galilei1

Tick each point you got.

[1 mark] (b)Name the first human to orbit Earth and the spacecraft that carried him.

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Yuri Gagarin aboard Vostok 11

Tick each point you got.

[1 mark] (c)Name Malaysia's first microsatellite.

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TiungSAT-11

Tick each point you got.

[1 mark] (d)Which space station was completed in 2011?

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International Space Station (ISS)1

Tick each point you got.

For the teacher: Remembering, low difficulty, standard 10.2

Textbook p. 273

Question 17

Rockets, satellites and space probes are important technologies in space exploration.

[2 marks] (a)Explain how a rocket is able to lift off.

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Any 2 points

Fuel in the rocket burns1
Hot gases are released at high speed through the bottom of the rocket1
This produces a force that pushes the rocket upwards1

Tick each point you got.

[1 mark] (b)State one use of a satellite.

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Any 1 points

Gather information on space weather1
Remote sensing1
Telecommunication1
Defence1

Tick each point you got.

[2 marks] (c)State two items carried by a space probe.

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Any 2 points

Cameras1
Remote sensing instruments1
Radio transmitters1
Radio receivers1

Tick each point you got.

For the teacher: Understanding, medium difficulty, standard 10.2

Textbook p. 274

Question 18

After heavy rain, a river overflows and many villages are flooded. Aerial photographs are taken to find out how far the flood has spread.

[1 mark] (a)Name the technology used to take these photographs.

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Remote sensing1

Tick each point you got.

[1 mark] (b)State how the photographs help the rescue team.

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Any 1 points

To find the places hit by the flood1
To find safe places to move the flood victims to1

Tick each point you got.

[1 mark] (c)Which agency is responsible for remote sensing projects in Malaysia?

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MACRES / Malaysian Remote Sensing Agency1

Tick each point you got.

[1 mark] (d)In which field is remote sensing used to locate mineral sources?

AAgricultureBGeologyCDefence

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Geology

For the teacher: Applying, low difficulty, standard 10.2

Textbook p. 276

Question 19

State whether each statement is true or false.

[1 mark] (a)The Hubble Space Telescope was placed in orbit about 500 km above the surface of Earth.

ATrueBFalse

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True

[1 mark] (b)A space probe orbits Earth in the same way as a satellite.

ATrueBFalse

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False

[1 mark] (c)Radio telescopes detect radio waves from space.

ATrueBFalse

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True

[1 mark] (d)In the heliocentric model, Earth is stationary at the centre.

ATrueBFalse

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False

For the teacher: Remembering, low difficulty, standard 10.2

Textbook p. 274

Question 20

A class debates whether space exploration should continue.

[1 mark] (a)Why are space probes, and not astronauts, sent to very far places such as Saturn?

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Any 1 points

Space probes are not built to return to Earth1
Space probes can stay in outer space for a very long time, up to tens of years1

Tick each point you got.

[2 marks] (b)Give two reasons to support the continuation of space exploration.

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Any 2 points

Satellites give better weather information and telecommunication1
Remote sensing helps agriculture, geology and disaster management1
To gain new knowledge about the Sun, planets and space1
New technology is developed that is also used in daily life1

Tick each point you got.

[1 mark] (c)State one way in which a rocket can be misused.

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As a weapon to carry missiles1

Tick each point you got.

For the teacher: Evaluating, high difficulty, standard 10.2

Textbook p. 279

Question 21

A student builds a model of a spacecraft that will carry life to a distant planet, using cardboard, cellophane tape, black plastic sheet and aluminium foil.

[1 mark] (a)Which material best represents the covering that shields the spacecraft from ionising radiation in space?

ACardboardBAluminium foilCBlack plastic sheet

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Aluminium foil

[1 mark] (b)The black plastic sheet is used as the solar panel. State the source of energy for the spacecraft.

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Solar energy1

Tick each point you got.

[1 mark] (c)The cardboard cylinder represents a rocket. State the function of the rocket.

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To send the spacecraft into space1

Tick each point you got.

For the teacher: Creating, medium difficulty, standard 10.2

Textbook p. 280

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