Cellular Respiration: Biology Tingkatan 4 questions

Section A: objective questions

11 marks

Choose the best answer for each question.

Which substance is the main substrate for cellular respiration?

Glucose
Starch
Protein
Fatty acid

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Glucose is the main substrate for energy production (p. 114).

For the teacher: Remembering, low difficulty, standard 7.1

Textbook p. 114

Where does glycolysis occur?

Mitochondrion
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Ribosome

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Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm; pyruvate oxidation is in the mitochondrion.

For the teacher: Remembering, low difficulty, standard 7.2

Textbook p. 115

What is produced when one glucose molecule undergoes glycolysis?

One pyruvate molecule
Two ethanol molecules
Six carbon dioxide molecules
Two pyruvate molecules

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One glucose is broken into two pyruvate molecules.

For the teacher: Understanding, low difficulty, standard 7.2

Textbook p. 115

Which is the correct word equation for aerobic respiration?

Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy
Glucose → lactic acid + energy
Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy

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Aerobic respiration oxidises glucose with oxygen to carbon dioxide, water and energy.

For the teacher: Remembering, low difficulty, standard 7.2

Textbook p. 115

In a respirometer, soda lime is placed in the boiling tube. What is its function?

To supply oxygen
To absorb water vapour only
To absorb carbon dioxide
To keep the temperature constant

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Soda lime absorbs carbon dioxide so that the change in liquid level shows only the oxygen used.

For the teacher: Understanding, low difficulty, standard 7.2

Textbook p. 116

In the respirometer experiment, tube B has no cockroach. What is its purpose?

To measure the carbon dioxide
To act as the control
To add oxygen
To lower the temperature

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Tube B is the control, to show the liquid level does not change without a living organism.

For the teacher: Analysing, medium difficulty, standard 7.2

Textbook p. 116

Which pair of products is formed by alcohol fermentation in yeast?

Ethanol and carbon dioxide
Lactic acid and water
Water and carbon dioxide
Ethanol and lactic acid

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Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy.

For the teacher: Remembering, low difficulty, standard 7.3

Textbook p. 117

Why does yoghurt taste sour?

Lactic acid is formed from lactose
Lactobacillus produces ethanol
Yeast produces carbon dioxide
Casein is oxidised to water

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Lactobacillus ferments lactose to lactic acid, which gives the sour taste and coagulates casein.

For the teacher: Understanding, low difficulty, standard 7.3

Textbook p. 119

During a sprint, a runner's muscle cells accumulate lactic acid. This is because

too much oxygen reaches the muscle
the muscle cells have no mitochondria
oxygen is used faster than it is supplied
glucose is no longer available

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Oxygen demand exceeds supply, so glucose is only partly broken down to lactic acid (oxygen debt).

For the teacher: Analysing, medium difficulty, standard 7.3

Textbook p. 119

Diagram 1 shows oxygen intake before, during and after exercise. What does the shaded area after exercise represent?

Graph of oxygen intake against time with exercise and recovery periods — Diagram 1

The energy released by muscle
The oxygen debt being repaid
The carbon dioxide breathed out
The lactic acid being formed

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Extra oxygen taken in after exercise oxidises lactic acid; this repays the oxygen debt.

For the teacher: Understanding, low difficulty, standard 7.3

Textbook p. 119

Which statement is true of fermentation but NOT aerobic respiration?

It begins with glycolysis
It produces ATP
It occurs in the cytoplasm
It does not produce water

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Fermentation produces no water; the other statements are true of both.

For the teacher: Analysing, high difficulty, standard 7.3

Textbook p. 121

Section B: structured questions

34 marks

Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

Answer the following about cellular respiration.

[1 mark] (a)State the meaning of cellular respiration.

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The oxidation of organic molecules (glucose) in several stages to release energy1

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[2 marks] (b)Name the two types of cellular respiration and the alternative way of obtaining energy.

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Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration [1]1
Fermentation [1]1

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For the teacher: Remembering, low difficulty, standard 7.1

Textbook p. 114

Aerobic respiration takes place in two stages.

[2 marks] (a)Name the first stage and state where it occurs.

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Glycolysis [1]1
Cytoplasm [1]1

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[2 marks] (b)State what happens to pyruvate in the mitochondrion.

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It is oxidised [1]1
to carbon dioxide, water and energy [1]1

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[1 mark] (c)Write the word equation for aerobic respiration.

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Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy1

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[2 marks] (d)Explain how the energy is made available to the cell.

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Energy is used to join ADP and phosphate to form ATP [1]1
When ATP's phosphate link breaks, energy is released for cell activities [1]1

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For the teacher: Understanding, low difficulty, standard 7.2

Textbook p. 115

Diagram 2 shows a respirometer with a cockroach in boiling tube A. Boiling tube B contains soda lime but no cockroach. After one hour the coloured liquid in tube A has risen.

Respirometer with a cockroach in tube A and no cockroach in tube B — Diagram 2

[2 marks] (a)Explain why the liquid in tube A rises.

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The cockroach uses oxygen in aerobic respiration [1]1
Carbon dioxide released is absorbed by soda lime, so the gas pressure falls [1]1

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[2 marks] (b)What happens to the level in tube B? Give a reason.

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No change [1]1
There is no living organism using oxygen [1]1

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[1 mark] (c)State one way to make the apparatus airtight.

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Wipe the connections with petroleum jelly1

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[1 mark] (d)State the conclusion of the experiment.

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Living organisms use oxygen during aerobic respiration1

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For the teacher: Analysing, medium difficulty, standard 7.2

Textbook p. 116

Fermentation occurs in yeast, paddy plants and Lactobacillus.

[3 marks] (a)Name the type of fermentation in yeast and write its word equation.

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Alcohol fermentation [1]1
Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide [1]1
+ energy [1]1

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[1 mark] (b)State one use of the carbon dioxide produced in bread making.

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It makes the dough rise1

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[2 marks] (c)Explain why paddy plants can survive in waterlogged soil.

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They carry out alcohol fermentation when oxygen is scarce [1]1
They produce much alcohol dehydrogenase that breaks ethanol into non-toxic carbon dioxide [1]1

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[2 marks] (d)Name the bacterium that makes yoghurt and the sugar it acts on.

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Lactobacillus [1]1
Lactose [1]1

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For the teacher: Understanding, low difficulty, standard 7.3

Textbook p. 118

A student sprints 100 m at full speed.

[2 marks] (a)State the type of respiration that mainly occurs in her leg muscles and the product that causes cramps.

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Lactic acid fermentation [1]1
Lactic acid [1]1

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[2 marks] (b)Explain why this respiration supplies less energy than aerobic respiration.

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Glucose is broken down incompletely [1]1
Only 150 kJ per glucose is released, compared with 2898 kJ [1]1

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[2 marks] (c)How is the oxygen debt repaid after the race?

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She continues to breathe deeply/take in extra oxygen [1]1
which oxidises the lactic acid to carbon dioxide, water and energy [1]1

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For the teacher: Analysing, medium difficulty, standard 7.3

Textbook p. 119

Compare aerobic respiration with fermentation.

[1 mark] (a)State one similarity.

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Both begin with glycolysis in the cytoplasm / both produce ATP1

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[3 marks] (b)State three differences.

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Aerobic needs oxygen; fermentation occurs without or with limited oxygen [1]1
Aerobic is complete and occurs in cytoplasm and mitochondrion; fermentation is incomplete, cytoplasm only [1]1
Aerobic gives water and 2898 kJ; fermentation gives no water and 210 or 150 kJ [1]1

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For the teacher: Evaluating, high difficulty, standard 7.3

Textbook p. 121

Section A: objective questions

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

Question 10

Question 11

Section B: structured questions

Question 12

Question 13

Question 14

Question 15

Question 16

Question 17