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Chemistry questions, chapter 8
Nama / NameKelas / ClassTarikh / Date

Manufactured Substances in Industry

45 marks. Use Practice to check each answer as you go, or Exam to answer everything against the clock first.

Section A: objective questions

12 marks
Choose the best answer for each question.
1

Question 1

What is an alloy?
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A
An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements in which the main element is a metal.
For the teacher: Remembering, low difficulty, standard 8.1.1
Textbook p. 254
2

Question 2

Which alloy is made of copper and zinc?
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B
Brass is 70% copper and 30% zinc. Bronze is copper and tin.
For the teacher: Remembering, low difficulty, standard 8.1.3
Textbook p. 258
3

Question 3

Why is an alloy harder than its pure metal?
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C
Foreign atoms of a different size disrupt the orderly arrangement, so layers cannot slide easily over each other.
For the teacher: Understanding, medium difficulty, standard 8.1.2
Textbook p. 257
4

Question 4

Which alloy is most suitable for making the body of an aeroplane?
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D
Duralumin is strong, has a low density and does not rust.
For the teacher: Applying, medium difficulty, standard 8.1.3
Textbook p. 258
5

Question 5

Which substance is the main component of all types of glass?
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A
All glass is made from silica, silicon dioxide, SiO2.
For the teacher: Remembering, low difficulty, standard 8.2.1
Textbook p. 260
6

Question 6

Laboratory beakers are made of borosilicate glass because the glass
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C
Borosilicate glass resists thermal stress because its expansion coefficient is low.
For the teacher: Understanding, low difficulty, standard 8.2.1
Textbook p. 261
7

Question 7

What is the purpose of adding soda, Na2CO3, to silica when making soda-lime glass?
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B
Soda lowers the melting point of silica from about 1800 °C to about 1000 °C.
For the teacher: Understanding, low difficulty, standard 8.2.1
Textbook p. 261
8

Question 8

Which of the following is a traditional ceramic?
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C
Traditional ceramics are made from clay, e.g. bricks, pottery and crockery.
For the teacher: Remembering, low difficulty, standard 8.3.1
Textbook p. 263
9

Question 9

Ceramics break easily when a force is applied because
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B
Atoms are strongly bonded in an indefinite arrangement; force breaks the bonds, so ceramics are brittle.
For the teacher: Understanding, low difficulty, standard 8.3.1
Textbook p. 263
10

Question 10

In a composite material, the substance that surrounds and binds the strengthening substance is the
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D
The matrix substance surrounds and binds the strengthening substance.
For the teacher: Remembering, low difficulty, standard 8.4.1
Textbook p. 266
11

Question 11

Which pair correctly gives the matrix and strengthening substance of fibre glass?
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A
Fibre glass is plastic (matrix) strengthened with glass fibres.
For the teacher: Applying, medium difficulty, standard 8.4.2
Textbook p. 267
12

Question 12

Reinforced concrete is better than concrete for building a bridge because steel bars
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A
Concrete resists compression but breaks when stretched; steel gives high stretching strength.
For the teacher: Analysing, medium difficulty, standard 8.4.3
Textbook p. 269

Section B: structured questions

33 marks
Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
13

Question 13

Diagram 1 shows the arrangement of atoms in a pure metal before and after a force is applied.
Layers of identical atoms in a pure metal; after the force one layer has slid over another
Diagram 1
[1 mark] (a)What happens to the layers of atoms when the force is applied?
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Tick each point you got.
[1 mark] (b)State one property of a pure metal shown by Diagram 1.
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Any 1 points
Tick each point you got.
[2 marks] (c)Explain why the alloy made by adding foreign atoms to this metal is harder.
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For the teacher: Understanding, low difficulty, standard 8.1.2
Textbook p. 257
14

Question 14

The purity of gold is measured in carats. 18 K gold has 18 parts by mass of gold and 6 parts of copper.
[1 mark] (a)What is the role of copper in 18 K gold?
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[2 marks] (b)Calculate the mass of gold in 24 g of 18 K gold.
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[1 mark] (c)State the percentage by mass of copper.
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For the teacher: Applying, medium difficulty, standard 8.1.3
Textbook p. 259
15

Question 15

Justify each statement.
[1 mark] (a)Stainless steel is used to make surgical instruments.
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[1 mark] (b)High voltage cables are made of aluminium alloy (duralumin).
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For the teacher: Understanding, low difficulty, standard 8.1.3
Textbook p. 258
16

Question 16

A 1 kg sample of borosilicate glass contains 80% silica, 15% boron oxide and 5% aluminium oxide.
[3 marks] (a)Calculate the mass of each component.
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[1 mark] (b)Which type of glass contains only silica?
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[1 mark] (c)Name one use of fused silica glass.
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For the teacher: Applying, medium difficulty, standard 8.2.1
Textbook p. 262
17

Question 17

Aini's mother tells her not to store food in lead crystal glass containers.
[1 mark] (a)State one advantage of lead crystal glass.
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[2 marks] (b)Explain why it should not be used to store food.
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For the teacher: Evaluating, high difficulty, standard 8.2.1
Textbook p. 262
18

Question 18

Answer the questions about ceramics.
[2 marks] (a)State the meaning of ceramic.
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[2 marks] (b)Name one traditional ceramic and one advanced ceramic.
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[2 marks] (c)State two properties of ceramics.
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For the teacher: Understanding, low difficulty, standard 8.3.1
Textbook p. 262
19

Question 19

Concrete is strong under compression but breaks when stretched. It is often reinforced.
[1 mark] (a)Name the material used to reinforce concrete.
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[1 mark] (b)Which is the matrix substance?
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[2 marks] (c)Explain why reinforced concrete is better than concrete for building dams.
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For the teacher: Analysing, high difficulty, standard 8.4.3
Textbook p. 269
20

Question 20

Answer the questions about optical fibre and photochromic glass.
[3 marks] (a)Name the three layers of an optical fibre, from the inside to the outside.
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[1 mark] (b)Which compound in photochromic glass is sensitive to UV light?
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Silver chloride
Silver chloride forms silver atoms in sunlight, which darken the glass.
[1 mark] (c)State one use of photochromic glass.
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Tick each point you got.
For the teacher: Remembering, low difficulty, standard 8.4.2
Textbook p. 267