Bahasa Inggeris notes, unit 3
The World of Sport
Textbook English Download B1+ Student's Book Form 5 (KSSM, Hamilton House / KPM 2020), pages 31-42
What this chapter covers
- I can find the main idea of each paragraph in a long article and match statements to paragraphs (Reading, p.33)
- I can name the ways athletes earn money - salary, sponsorship deal, prize money, appearance fee, transfer fee (Vocabulary, p.33)
- I can name sports venues and use compound nouns such as golf course, boxing ring and ice-hockey rink (Vocabulary 1, p.34)
- I can use the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous and choose between them (Grammar 1, p.35)
- I can form nouns with -tion, -ment, -ance and -ship, and use sports collocations and phrasal verbs (Vocabulary 2, p.36)
- I can choose between the past simple and the present perfect simple using time expressions (Grammar 2, p.37)
- {'I can use listening and speaking strategies': 'read the questions first, compare two photos (p.38-39)'}
- I can plan and write a 140-190 word opinion essay with a supporting or contrasting third idea (Writing, p.40-41)
This unit is about sport and money. You will read an article on what athletes earn, learn words for sports, places and payments, and practise two grammar contrasts that appear again and again in SPM English: the present perfect simple and continuous, and the past simple and present perfect. You will also plan an opinion essay.
3.1Reading: "Show me the money" (pp.32-33)
The article has four paragraphs (A to D). It asks a big question: is a top athlete worth more than a doctor or a teacher? The task is multiple matching: eight statements, and you decide which paragraph each one belongs to.
| Paragraph | Main idea |
|---|---|
| A | Football: huge transfer fees are paid between clubs; players earn through salary and sponsorship (Ronaldo earned about the same from his salary as from advertising deals) |
| B | Golf and tennis: Tiger Woods earned far more from sponsors, fees and a video game than from prize money; Nike pays him a lot but it is small money for such a big company |
| C | Some jobs (teachers, social workers, a president) help the world, yet earn far less than top athletes |
| D | Athletes are entertainers; society seems to value entertainment more than helping people, and income gaps should be reduced |
Method for multiple matching. Read each paragraph once and write a four-word summary beside it (as in the table above). Then read each statement and go straight to the paragraph that matches. Look for the idea, not the same words: the statement and the text almost never use the same vocabulary.
Types of payment (p.33)
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| salary | regular pay for playing in a team |
| transfer fee | money one team pays another team to get a professional player |
| prize money | money given to the winners and runners-up of a competition |
| appearance fee | money paid to an athlete for taking part in an event, to make it more popular |
| sponsorship deal | payment for wearing a company's clothes, using its equipment or showing its logo |
Common mistake. The transfer fee goes to the club, not to the player. The player's own money is the salary plus sponsorship.
Which payment is each? (a) A golfer is paid to attend a tournament so that more fans come. (b) A club pays another club to sign a striker. (c) A tennis player wins a final and receives a cheque.
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(a) appearance fee. (b) transfer fee. (c) prize money.
3.2Vocabulary 1: sports and places (p.34)
Many sports places are compound nouns: a sport word plus a place word.
| Place word | Used for | Example |
|---|---|---|
| rink | ice-skating, ice hockey | ice-hockey rink |
| course | golf | golf course |
| park | skateboarding | skateboarding park |
| ring | boxing, wrestling | boxing ring |
| pitch | football, rugby, cricket | football pitch |
| court | tennis, squash, badminton | tennis court |
| track | racing, athletics | race track |
| arena | horse-riding and large sports events with many fans | sports arena |
Body-movement verbs on the same page: breathe (air in and out), inhale (in), exhale (out), stretch (straighten fully), bend (not straight), balance (stay upright without falling), push (move away from you) and pull (move towards you).
Common mistake. Breathe is both ways. Inhale is only in and exhale only out. "Breathe in" = inhale; "breathe out" = exhale.
Which place word completes each? (a) a golf ___ (b) a boxing ___ (c) a tennis ___
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(a) course (b) ring (c) court
3.3Grammar 1: present perfect simple and continuous (p.35)
Both tenses are formed with have/has. Simple: have/has + past participle. Continuous: have/has been + verb-ing.
| Tense | Use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Present perfect simple | Started in the past and continued until now | He has coached wrestling for eight years. |
| Result or effect now | Steven has broken his leg, so he isn't playing. | |
| Unspecified time, experience, achievement | Our club has won lots of prizes. | |
| Just finished, or how many times | We've just scored a goal! Carol has played squash once. | |
| Present perfect continuous | Action in progress until now, or repeated until now | We have been teaching basketball for years. |
| Recently finished, with a visible result | She's tired because she's been jogging. | |
| How long (the activity itself) | Kevin's been practising in the skate park all weekend. |
Simple or continuous? Simple looks at the result or number (one match, three goals). Continuous looks at the action or how long (all weekend, for hours).
been to / gone to. "Mona has been to a game in Canada" = she went and has come back. "Mona has gone to a game in Canada" = she is still there.
Common mistake. State verbs (know, like, have = own) are not used in the continuous. Say "I have known him for years", not "I have been knowing him".
Choose the better form. (a) Her hands are dirty because she (has repaired / has been repairing) her bike. (b) Dan (has scored / has been scoring) four goals this season.
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(a) has been repairing: a recent activity with a visible result. (b) has scored: a number of times, focus on the count.
3.4Vocabulary 2: word formation, collocations, phrasal verbs (p.36)
Nouns from verbs
| Verb | Noun | Suffix |
|---|---|---|
| pay | payment | -ment |
| promote | promotion | -tion |
| contribute | contribution | -tion |
| sponsor | sponsorship | -ship |
| estimate | estimation | -tion |
| appreciate | appreciation | -tion |
| appear | appearance | -ance |
| indicate | indication | -tion |
Collocations
Words that go together: team sports, individual sports, extreme sports, indoor/outdoor sports; key player, promising player, professional player, top player; big fan, devoted fan, keen fan, loyal fan.
Phrasal verbs from the unit
| Phrasal verb | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| come to | add up to a total | The fees come to over a million euros. |
| take off | remove (clothes) | The players took off their kit. |
| stand up for | support and defend | A good coach stands up for his players. |
| pass up | refuse a chance | You can't pass up a chance like that. |
| pull through | survive a serious illness or injury | Doctors hope he will pull through. |
| take to | start liking | She took to tennis at once. |
| pass out | faint | He passed out in the heat. |
| stand for | represent | The five rings stand for five continents. |
| pull off | manage to do something difficult | They pulled off a surprise win. |
| come down to | be the most important part of a problem or solution | It comes down to training. |
Write the noun: (a) indicate (b) sponsor (c) appear.
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(a) indication (b) sponsorship (c) appearance
3.5Grammar 2: past simple and present perfect simple (p.37)
| Tense | Use | Time expressions |
|---|---|---|
| Past simple | Finished action at a specific time in the past | ago, in 1990, last week, yesterday, the other day, when |
| Present perfect simple | Past action at an unspecified time, or with a link to now | just, already, yet, recently, so far, ever, never |
Giving news, then details
A: I've seen Barcelona play.B: When did you see them?
A: I saw them in 2011.
We often give new information in the present perfect and then use the past simple for the details.
Common mistakes. Do not use the present perfect with a finished time: "Theo has taken tennis lessons in 2005" should be "took". Also "Did you ever see" should be "Have you ever seen" because "ever" asks about life experience up to now.
Correct the sentence: "My friend has been at a rugby match two days ago."
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My friend was at a rugby match two days ago. (Two days ago is a specific past time, so use the past simple.)
3.6Listening and speaking (pp.38-39)
- Before you listen: use the time to read the questions and options and underline key words. Guess unknown words from context.
- Don't panic about words you do not know. You can still answer by eliminating the three options that are clearly wrong.
- Meaning questions such as "there could be no stopping him" ask for the idea (he will be very hard to beat), not the literal words.
- Talking about two photos: first say what they have in common, then describe each one, then say how they differ, and finally answer the question you were given.
| Compare | Describe one photo |
|---|---|
| Both photos show ... The common theme is ... In the first photo I can see ... whereas in the second, ... The photos are similar/different because ... | There is ... in this photo I think this picture is of ... |
Is "The photos are different because ..." comparing or describing?
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Comparing: it says how two photos are alike or unlike.
3.7Writing: an opinion essay (pp.40-41)
The task gives a statement, a question and two notes. You add a third idea of your own. Length: 140-190 words, formal language.
| Paragraph | Content |
|---|---|
| 1 | Introduce the topic and say your opinion clearly |
| 2 | Note 1 supports your opinion |
| 3 | Note 2 supports your opinion |
| 4 | Your own idea, either supporting your view or in contrast to it |
| 5 | Restate your opinion in different words and add a comment |
Language bank
| Job | Phrases |
|---|---|
| Add an idea | Firstly, Secondly, Finally; In the first place; Moreover; Furthermore; In addition |
| Contrast | However; On the other hand |
| Conclude | All in all; To sum up; On the whole; In conclusion |
Plan first. Before writing, decide your opinion, how each note supports it, and what the third idea is. If you are stuck, imagine chatting to a friend and write quick notes, then pick the best ideas.
Common mistake. Using informal language (contractions, "a lot of stuff") and forgetting the third idea. The task says "using all the notes", so the third idea is required.
Which phrase fits? (a) To start the conclusion (b) To show a contrasting idea: However, On the whole, Moreover
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(a) On the whole (b) However