Bahasa Inggeris notes, unit 4

Shopping Therapy

Textbook English Download B1+ Student's Book Form 5 (KSSM, Hamilton House / KPM 2020), pages 43-54

What this chapter covers

{'I can use shopping vocabulary': 'price tag, full refund, bargain hunter, window shopping, flea market, sales receipt, market stall, car-boot sale (4.1)'}
I can describe products with words such as advanced, efficient, portable, novel, compact, educational, genuine, compatible and sceptical (4.1, 4.2)
I can use the past perfect simple and the past perfect continuous to show which past action came first (4.3)
I can choose between the past simple and a past perfect tense, and I know when both actions must be past simple (4.4)
I can use phrasal verbs (try on, put away, shut down, pay back, put off, keep up with, stand out) and phrases with in and on (in cash, on credit, in debt, on special offer, in fashion) (4.5)
I can pick the right word from confused pairs such as fit/suit, borrow/lend and bargain/purchase (4.5)
I can read a set of connected short texts and answer questions about details, opinion and purpose (4.2)
I can weigh advantages and disadvantages when I speak, and write an article that catches the reader's attention (4.6, 4.7)

This unit is about shopping and gadgets. You will learn the words for shops, prices and products, and the two past perfect tenses, which let you say what happened before another past event. You will also practise the reading, speaking and article-writing skills that go with the topic (textbook pages 43 to 54).

4.1Shopping vocabulary: compound nouns and describing words

Word	Meaning
price tag	a label on a product that shows what it costs
full refund	all your money back, because the product is faulty or you do not want it
bargain hunter	a person who looks for the cheapest products
window shopping	looking at goods in shops without buying
flea market	a market where old or second-hand things are sold
sales receipt	a paper that proves you paid for the goods
market stall	a large table or small open-fronted booth for selling things
car-boot sale	a sale where people sell new and used things from the back of their cars

Compound noun: two words that work together as one noun with one meaning, for example price tag or sales receipt.

Describing a product. Adjectives used for gadgets: advanced (very modern), efficient (works well and quickly), portable (easy to carry), novel (new and different), compact (small and neat), educational (teaches you something), genuine (real, not fake), compatible (works with another device), standard (ordinary), regular (normal), sceptical (doubtful).

Clothes words. An outfit is a set of clothes worn together. Accessories are extras such as scarves, belts and jewellery. Footwear means shoes, boots and trainers. Cotton and silk are fabrics; plastic, metal and glass are not. A brand is a make (for example Sony). A pattern has repeated shapes or lines, so it is not one plain colour.

Common mistakes
A ~~refund~~ is not the same as a receipt: the receipt is the proof, the refund is the money back.
~~Window shopping~~ means you do not buy anything.

Which word fits? (a) You need this paper to return a faulty phone. (b) She enjoys finding the cheapest prices.

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(a) sales receipt
(b) bargain hunter

4.2Reading connected texts: the gTar

The reading task (page 44 to 45) has four short connected texts about one product, the gTar, a digital guitar: an advertisement (A), a magazine review (B), FAQs (C) and an email (D). The questions test details, opinion and purpose.

Question type	How to answer
Detail ("What is true about ...?")	Underline key words in the question, find similar ideas in the named text, then check every option.
Opinion ("What is the writer's opinion?")	Look for feeling words. The reviewer was sceptical at first but was blown away: he had not expected it to be so good.
Purpose ("What is the purpose of section C?")	Ask: what job does this text do? FAQs give information many people need.
All texts ("Who would want to buy it?")	Use all four texts. The advertisement says "no lessons needed", so a first-time player fits best.

For "NOT true" questions, three options are true and one is false. In the FAQs, the gTar works with certain iPhones only, so "any kind of smartphone" is the false one.

4.3Past perfect simple and past perfect continuous

Past perfect simple: had + past participle. It shows an action that was finished before a time or another action in the past.

Past perfect continuous: had been + verb-ing. It shows an action that was in progress before another past action, or stresses how long it went on, or has a visible result.

Tense	Use	Example
Past perfect simple	finished before a past time	Dina had finished the shopping by two o'clock.
Past perfect simple	one past action before another	The shop had closed by the time Jimmy got there.
Past perfect continuous	stress on how long / still going on	They had been taking lessons for months before they ordered a gTar.
Past perfect continuous	visible result	Molly had been working hard all week and she looked very tired.

Forms. Positive: She had left. Negative: She had not (hadn't) left. Question: Had she left? Continuous question: How long had you been waiting?

If the question could be "How long ...?", the continuous form is a good choice: "Irene had been texting her friend all morning."

Common mistakes
"I ~~had been knowing~~ the answer." Stative verbs such as know, want and like are not used in continuous forms: I had known.
"She had ~~went~~ home." Use the past participle: she had gone.

Complete with the verb in brackets: (a) Julia ______ (buy) fifty rare books by the time she was twenty. (b) Tina was tired because she ______ (shop) all morning.

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(a) had bought (a finished number of things)
(b) had been shopping (a long action with a visible result)

4.4Past perfect or past simple?

When the order of events is clear, you may use the past simple for both actions: "Mona did her shopping before she met her friend." When the order is unclear, or you want to stress which came first, use a past perfect for the earlier action: "We realised later that we had spent too much money."

Both past simple

When my dog heard the thunder, it hid under my bed. (One action follows the other at once, so use the past simple for both.)

Clue word	Earlier action
before, by the time, already, just	past perfect, before the later event
because ... had	the reason came first: Dora went back because she had forgotten her handbag.
as soon as, when (quick result)	past simple for both

Right after I (break) my new phone, I (start) to cry. Which tenses?

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broke ... started. "Right after" means one action quickly follows another, so both are past simple.

4.5Phrasal verbs, prepositions and confused words

Phrasal verb	Meaning
look round	visit and look at a shop
pay (someone) back	return money you borrowed
pay off	give money to a worker who will no longer work for you
shut down	close for good
put away / put up	store something / hang curtains or pictures
try on / try out	wear to see if it fits / test to see if you like it
keep up with	follow the latest styles
keep down	stop something from increasing
put on	place clothing or footwear on your body
put off	make you not want something; also to delay
stand out	be easy to notice
stand in for	take someone's place
look out for	watch carefully to find one thing or person

Phrases with in and on. in the sales, in debt, in fashion, in an advert, in cash. on special offer, on credit.

Confused words. A jacket fits (the right size) and a style suits you (looks good). A uniform is worn for a job or school; a costume is for a party or play. You borrow from someone and lend to someone. Brochures advertise holidays or services; catalogues list goods to order. A purchase is something you buy; a bargain is something cheap for its quality.

Common mistake
"Can you ~~borrow~~ me your pen?" You lend a pen to someone, and you borrow a pen from someone.

Choose: (a) The new boots don't (fit / suit) me. They are too small. (b) Mum paid (in cash / on credit) because she had the notes with her.

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(a) fit (size)
(b) in cash

4.6Speaking: advantages and disadvantages

When you give advice, explain the pros and cons of each option first, then choose one and say why. The other choice must be explained too.

Introduces a disadvantage (D)	Introduces an advantage (A)
Option A has the risk of ... The problem with option B is that ... Option A might not be the best idea because ...	However, on the plus side, option A ... The benefit of option B would be ... Option B avoids the danger of ...

Contrasting patterns: Although ... has the risk of ..., the benefit would be ... / In spite of or Despite the problem of ..., it might be better because ... / Even though ... might cause ..., on the other hand it might ...

Example

Although buying a phone online has the risk of late delivery, the benefit would be a lower price.

After despite and in spite of use a noun or -ing form, not a full sentence: "Despite the problem of the cost ..."

4.7Writing an article

An article can entertain as well as inform. The tone can be less formal than an essay. Catch the reader's attention by:

asking questions: How often do you ...? Can you imagine ...? How would you feel if ...?
including the reader with we, us, our, you
giving the article a title
making a comparison to explain an opinion (the old days and now; at school and in free time)

Paragraph	Job
Title	short and interesting
1	introduce the topic and answer the main question
2	describe the thing (what kind, what it is like)
3	give your opinion and the reason why
4	conclusion that comments on your opinion

Target length in the book's tasks: 140 to 190 words. Underline the points the task asks for and cover all of them.

Weak and better opening

Weak: Many people spend too much money on new technology these days.
Better: How often do you buy a new mobile phone? We all want the latest technology, but are we spending too much on it?

Make this opening more interesting for teenagers: "Teenagers are often told they spend too much on brand-name fashion."

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Sample: Have you ever been told that you spend too much on brand-name fashion? Do we really need such expensive trainers? (Uses questions, you and we.)