Bahasa Inggeris notes, unit 9
Getting Away
Textbook English Download B1+ Student's Book Form 5 (KSSM, Hamilton House / KPM 2020), pages 109-120
What this chapter covers
- I can use travel and holiday vocabulary - holiday activities, compound nouns (package holiday, peak season) and travel collocations (exchange currency, renew a passport) (Vocabulary 1)
- I can tell commonly confused words apart (aisle/row, fasten/tie, gate/door, rough/uneven) and form nouns and adjectives from the same word (Vocabulary 2)
- I can choose a gerund, a full infinitive or a bare infinitive correctly, and use make and let in active and passive sentences (Grammar 1)
- I can compare with comparatives, superlatives, as ... as, not as ... as, less ... than, "comparative and comparative" and "the more ..., the more ..." (Grammar 2)
- I can scan several texts to find specific information such as prices, ages, transport and location (Reading)
- I can complete gaps with the exact words I hear and decide which part of speech is missing (Listening)
- I can give an opinion and justify it in a discussion (Speaking)
- I can write a review that describes a place well, mixes facts and opinion, and ends with a recommendation (Writing)
This unit is about travel and holidays. You will revise holiday vocabulary, gerunds and infinitives, make and let, comparisons, and how to write a good review. It follows the textbook order: Reading, Vocabulary, Grammar, Listening, Speaking, Writing.
9.1Reading: scanning for information
The reading page has four short texts about teen holidays (Devon surf village, body-zorbing in France, YHA summer camps, Teen Rangers in the Alps). The task is multiple matching: you match a question to the text that has the answer.
Scan, do not read everything. When the texts are about products or services, the questions ask about prices, ages, transport and location. Find the number or the key word and go straight to it.
| Question asks about | Scan for |
|---|---|
| Cost, "twice as much" | Price figures, "extra", "per week", "pp" (per person) |
| Transport or how to get there | Ferry, airport, port, bus trips |
| Age | Numbers in brackets or "ages 12 to 15" |
| Length | Nights, days, weeks |
| More than one location | "across the UK", a list of places |
Common mistake. Choosing a text because it shares a word with the question. Check the detail itself: "ferry between Dover and Calais" is in the price of text B, but text D only says the price includes full board.
9.2Vocabulary 1: holidays and travel
| Group | Words |
|---|---|
| Holiday activities | sightseeing, backpacking, sunbathing, deep-sea fishing, dining out, kayaking, rock-climbing, whale-watching |
| Compound nouns | 5-star hotel, first-class travel, package holiday, city break, peak season, self-catering accommodation, travel insurance, connecting flight |
| Verb phrases | arrange accommodation, confirm a flight, contact a travel agency, exchange currency, hire a car, pack a suitcase, reach our destination, renew a passport |
| Compound noun | Meaning |
|---|---|
| package holiday | Flights and accommodation are in one price |
| city break | A short holiday in a city, often 2 or 3 nights |
| peak season | The busiest, most crowded and often most expensive time of year |
| self-catering | You cook your own meals |
| connecting flight | A second flight you take after landing, to reach your final place |
Collocation: words that go together naturally. We hire a car, exchange currency, renew a passport and pack a suitcase; we do not "make" a passport.
Which phrase fits? (a) "You should buy ___ before you travel in case you fall ill." (b) "We stayed in a ___ in Malta; the service was excellent."
Show answerHide answer
(a) travel insurance. (b) 5-star hotel.
9.3Grammar 1: gerunds, infinitives, make and let
| Form | Use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Gerund (-ing) | As a noun; after prepositions; after some verbs (admit, enjoy, can't help) | Flying is the best way to get there. We're interested in finding out more. |
| Full infinitive (to + verb) | Purpose; after some verbs (fail, manage, want); after adjectives; after too and enough | I went to the agency to book a flight. I'm too old to go rock-climbing. |
| Bare infinitive | After modal verbs, had better and would rather | You had better pack now. I would rather go camping. |
| Verb | Active | Passive |
|---|---|---|
| make (force) | The driver made the tourists get off the coach. | The tourists were made to get off the coach. |
| let (permit) | I let my son swim to the rocks. | My son was allowed to swim to the rocks. (let has no passive) |
Change of meaning: some verbs take both forms. I forgot to contact the agency = I did not contact them. I forgot contacting the agency = I did it but I do not remember.
Common mistakes. "She made me to wait" (active make has a bare infinitive: made me wait). "He was let to go" (use was allowed to go).
Correct the sentence: "The teacher made the pupils to tidy the room." Then change it to the passive.
Show answerHide answer
The teacher made the pupils tidy the room. Passive: The pupils were made to tidy the room.
9.4Vocabulary 2: confused words, word formation, prepositions
| Pair | Use |
|---|---|
| aisle / row | The aisle seat is next to the walkway; a row is a line of seats (back row). |
| fasten / tie | Fasten seat belts; tie shoe laces. |
| gate / door | A car door; the departure gate at the airport. |
| rough / uneven | An uneven floor; a rough landing. |
Word formation: adventure, adventurous; energy, energetic; benefit, beneficial; mobility, mobile; insurance, insured; resident, residential.
Noun + preposition: take pleasure in; the comforts of home; no intention of; no notice of; a rise in; on behalf of; a reduction in; leader of.
9.5Grammar 2: comparing
| Structure | Example |
|---|---|
| comparative + than | A jet flies faster than a helicopter. |
| the + superlative | Sally paid the highest fare of all. |
| as + adjective + as | Skiing is as expensive as a resort holiday. |
| not as + adjective + as | Self-catering is not as expensive as a 5-star hotel. |
| less + adjective (+ than) | My trip was less exciting than yours. |
| comparative and comparative | Air fares are getting cheaper and cheaper. |
| the + comparative, the + comparative | The more places you visit, the more knowledgeable you become. |
Irregular forms: well, better, best; badly, worse, worst; far, farther or further, farthest or furthest. In "the ..., the ..." the second change depends on the first.
Common mistakes. "more cheaper" or "most expensive than" (never use more and -er together). "the worse" instead of "the worst" for the superlative.
Rewrite with not as ... as: "A train is faster than a bus."
Show answerHide answer
A bus is not as fast as a train.
9.6Listening and speaking
Listening (gap fill). The listening is a talk about Butlin's holiday camps with ten gaps. First decide the part of speech that fits each gap (noun, adjective, adverb). You write one to three words, exactly as you hear them; do not change endings, tenses or articles.
Speaking. You discuss reasons and choose between options, and you must justify your opinion. Useful phrases: I say this because ..., My opinion is ... because ..., My reason for saying this is that ..., I chose this because ....
9.7Writing: a review
A review is an article about something you experienced. Readers want information and opinion. Give enough detail to create a picture, but avoid long lists.
| Paragraph | Job |
|---|---|
| 1 | Name and location; say if the review is positive or negative |
| 2 to 4 | The place, the food, the activities (describe and comment) |
| 5 | Recommendation: say who it suits |
- Summarise lists: a wide range of, a big choice of, a large selection of, an amazing variety of (instead of listing every food or sport).
- Tenses: past tense for your own stay (When I was there, During my stay); present tense for general description (the hotel is a circle of bungalows).
- Adjective order: opinion first, then fact: a lovely sandy beach, comfortable wooden bungalows, huge cooked breakfasts.
- Recommend: If ..., then this is the camp for you. It's perfect for ... It might not suit ... Book your place now!
Summarising a list
Long: "waterskiing, scuba diving, wakeboarding". Better: "a wide range of water sports".Put in the correct order: (a) wooden / comfortable / bungalows (b) beach / sandy / lovely
Show answerHide answer
(a) comfortable wooden bungalows. (b) a lovely sandy beach. Opinion adjective first, fact adjective second.