Bahasa Inggeris notes, unit 5

Learning world

Textbook English Plus 1 Year 5, Second Edition (Student's Book, KPM edition), pages 42–51 (English Plus 1 Year 5 Student's Book, Unit 4 Learning world)

What this chapter covers

I can name school subjects and talk about homework, teachers and what I am good at (5.1)
I can read a short project about schools in other countries and find the writer's opinion (5.2)
I can use the present continuous to say what is happening now, in affirmative and negative sentences (5.3)
I can use verbs for studying a language, such as revise, check, repeat, practise and make notes (5.4)
I can ask present continuous questions and give short answers, like "Are you learning English? Yes, I am." (5.5)
I can tell the difference between the present simple (routines) and the present continuous (now) (5.5)
I can ask for help with languages: "How do you spell that?" and "Can you say that again, please?" (5.6)
I can write an email to give information about my school, using so (5.7)

Welcome to Learning world (Unit 4 in the textbook, Unit 5 on this site)! You will learn the names of school subjects, read about unusual schools, say what is happening now, and ask for help when you study a language.

5.1Vocabulary: school subjects

Learn these ten school subjects (p. 42).

Subject	What it is about
maths	numbers, adding, taking away, multiplying
science	experiments, plants, animals, materials
English, Spanish	languages (Spanish is another language you can study)
geography	maps, countries and the world (a globe)
history	people and events from long ago
art	drawing and painting
PE	Physical Education: sport and exercise
ICT	Information and Communication Technology: computers
PSHE	Personal, Social, Health and Economic Education

English Plus 1 Year 5, p. 42.

The School Questionnaire on p. 42 uses these questions. Notice which subject word goes in each gap.

Question	Subject word you can use
Are you good at ____?	PE, maths, art
When's our next ____ exam?	geography, history, science
Have you got ____ homework today?	history, maths
Do you study other languages, like ____?	Spanish

Key phrases: talking about school subjects (p. 43)

To say...	Use
how much homework you have	I've got no / a bit of / loads of maths homework.
what a teacher is like	Our art teacher is / isn't very / quite strict.
what you are good at	I'm great at ... / I'm really good at ... / I'm OK at ... / I'm not great at ...
what you like	I enjoy ... / I prefer ...

Put the amounts in order from none to a lot: no homework, a bit of homework, loads of homework. "Loads of" means a lot of.

We say "good at maths", not "good in maths" or "good on maths".

Which subject do you use a globe in?

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Geography.

5.2Reading: Schools project

Skill: identify the writer's opinion. A fact can be checked ("The boat goes along the river"). An opinion tells us what the writer thinks ("It's a great idea").

A teacher stands on a boat while children sit around him reading books — A geography class on a boat school in Bangladesh.

English Plus 1 Year 5, p. 44.

School	Where	What we learn
Boat school	Bangladesh	Transport can be a big problem when there is a lot of rain, so the boat takes students along the river to and from their villages at the start and end of the day.
Eton College	Britain	One of the oldest and most expensive private schools. It is a boarding school: students study, eat and sleep there.
Chinese primary school	China	Students do eye exercises twice a day to relax their eyes while they study.
Secondary school	Ireland	A dance class: the writer is watching the dancers, and the teachers are playing the musical instruments.

Types of school: primary school (young children), secondary school (older students), private school (parents pay), boarding school (students live there).

Opinion words: great idea, a lot of fun, not very practical. The writer is positive about the boat school and about the dance class, and finds the old uniforms not very practical.

What is a boarding school?

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A school where students study, eat and sleep.

5.3Language focus: present continuous (affirmative and negative)

We use the present continuous to talk about things happening now.
Form: am / is / are + verb with -ing.

Subject	Affirmative	Negative
I	I'm watching the dancers.	I'm not dancing.
He / She / It	The boat is moving.	The boat isn't moving.
We / You / They	The students are studying.	These students aren't sleeping.

Examples from the text on English Plus 1 Year 5, p. 44; rules p. 45.

Spelling rules for -ing

Rule	Example
Most verbs: add -ing	study → studying, wear → wearing, do → doing
Verbs ending in e: remove the e, add -ing	move → moving, have → having, dance → dancing
Short verbs ending in one vowel + one consonant: double the last letter, add -ing	chat → chatting, sit → sitting

Picture A

Picture B

Spot the differences. In B: the birds are flying, the boy is wearing an orange top, the girl isn't opening a box.

English Plus 1 Year 5, p. 45.

Do not forget is / are / am. Say "The boat is moving", not "The boat moving". And do not use the -s form: "She is sleeping", not "She sleeps now".

Write the -ing form of sit, move and study.

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sitting (double t), moving (remove e), studying (just add -ing).

5.4Vocabulary and listening: studying a language

The quiz "Are you a super language student?" (p. 46) uses these verbs.

Verb	Example
listen to	Do you listen to English when you're out of school?
spell, know, check	Can you spell your name? Do you check words in a dictionary?
repeat, learn, practise	Do you repeat a new word if you want to learn it?
revise	Do you revise before an exam? (study again)
ask, understand, concentrate	Do you ask questions when you don't understand?
make notes, write, read	Do you make notes about grammar?

English Plus 1 Year 5, p. 46.

Study strategy: Thinking about how you learn can help you to learn better.

In British English we say practise for the verb and practice for the noun. The book uses the verb: "Do you ever practise your pronunciation?"

Which verb means "study again before an exam"?

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Revise.

5.5Language focus: questions, and present continuous or present simple

Present continuous questions

Question	Short answers
Am I ...-ing? / Are you learning English?	Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
Is he / she learning English?	Yes, he / she is. / No, he / she isn't.
Are they / you learning the same language?	Yes, we / they are. / No, we / they aren't.
What are you doing now?	I'm watching TV.

English Plus 1 Year 5, p. 47.

Put am / is / are before the subject to make a question. In a short answer, do not shorten am: "Yes, I am", not "Yes, I'm".

Present simple or present continuous?

	Present simple	Present continuous
Use for	a routine or repeated action	an action happening now
Time words	always, usually, sometimes, every day	now, today, at the moment
Example	We sometimes do projects. They always wear a uniform.	We're doing a project today. They're wearing their uniform now.

One sentence with both (p. 47)

Melanie usually speaks English, but she is chatting in Spanish with a tourist now.

Do not mix them: "I am usually checking new words" is wrong. Use "I usually check new words".

Choose: Pat (plays / is playing) football five days a week, but today he (plays / is playing) basketball.

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Pat plays football five days a week (routine), but today he is playing basketball (now).

5.6Speaking: asking for help when you're studying

Zac is revising for a French exam. He cannot remember the word for "tomorrow", so he asks Jasmine for help. She says it is "demain" and spells it D-E-M-A-I-N.

Asking for help with languages
How do you spell that?
How do you say ... ?
Can you say that again, please?
Can you help me with something, please?

English Plus 1 Year 5, p. 48.

Pronunciation: the alphabet

Letters with the same vowel sound go together.

Sound	Letters
/eɪ/	A, H, J, K
/iː/	B, C, D, E, G, P, T, V
/e/	F, L, M, N, S, X, Z
/aɪ/	I, Y
/əʊ/	O
/juː/	Q, U, W
/ɑː/	R

To spell a double letter say "double": giraffe is G-I-R-A-double F-E.

You did not hear your friend's answer. What can you say?

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Sorry? Can you say that again, please?

5.7Writing: an email about your school

Danny writes to Ela, a visitor, about his school in Ireland. His email gives information about the school and a photo. The writing guide on the same page shows four paragraphs.

Paragraph	What to write	Starter
1 Introduction	Say you are happy about the visit.	I'm really happy that ...
2 The school	Size and place	It's a small / medium-sized / big school ...
3 Timetable and subjects	Start, break, lunch, finish; subjects	Classes here start at ...
4 Photo	Describe your photo	Here's a photo of ...

English Plus 1 Year 5, p. 49.

More key phrases from the email: "Some subjects, like maths and English, are compulsory", "Other subjects are optional", "Maybe you can email me a photo of your class."

Facts in Danny's email: about 500 students; classes start at 9 a.m. and finish at 4 p.m.; break at 11 a.m.; lunch at 1.20 p.m.; maths and English are compulsory (you must study them); woodwork, business studies and languages are optional (you can choose).

Language point: so

So gives a result. First the reason, then so, then the result.

Examples (p. 49)

My house is near, so I usually walk to school.
I like languages, so I study French and Spanish.

Do not use so and because together. "I like languages, so I study French" or "I study French because I like languages".

Join with so: "There's a history exam tomorrow." "I'm revising now."

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There's a history exam tomorrow, so I'm revising now.

5.8Review and games

A classroom: the teacher writes on the board, Anna reads a magazine and raises her hand, Sam wears headphones, Jack holds a phone, Lily and Kyle and Rachel sit at desks — What are they doing? The teacher is writing on the board. Lily and Jack aren't watching TV.

English Plus 1 Year 5, p. 51.

Matching: asking for help (p. 50)

How do you spell that? - I think it's M-I-S-S-I-S-S-I-P-P-I.
How do you say 'history' in Italian? - I think it's 'storia'.
Can you help me with something, please? - Yeah, sure.

Summary

Topic	Remember
Subjects	maths, science, English, geography, history, art, PE, ICT, PSHE. I'm good at ...; loads of / a bit of / no homework.
Reading	A fact can be checked; an opinion says what the writer thinks.
Present continuous	am / is / are + verb-ing. Negative: isn't, aren't, I'm not. Spelling: studying, moving, chatting.
Questions	Are you learning English? Yes, I am. Is he sleeping? No, he isn't.
Simple or continuous	usually, always, sometimes = present simple; now, today, at the moment = present continuous.
Study verbs	listen to, repeat, practise, revise, check, understand, concentrate, make notes.
Asking for help	How do you spell that? How do you say ...? Can you say that again, please?
Writing	Email in four paragraphs; so gives a result.