Biology questions, chapter 13
Nama / NameKelas / ClassTarikh / Date
Homeostasis and the Human Urinary System
45 marks. Use Practice to check each answer as you go, or Exam to answer everything against the clock first.
Section A: objective questions
12 marksChoose the best answer for each question.
1
Question 1
What is homeostasis?
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B
Homeostasis keeps the internal environment within normal ranges for optimum cell function (p. 246).
2
Question 2
Which is a chemical factor regulated by homeostasis?
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C
Blood sugar, pH and minerals are chemical factors; temperature, osmotic pressure and blood pressure are physical.
3
Question 3
Why must body temperature stay within a narrow range?
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A
Metabolic reactions are enzyme-catalysed; high temperature denatures enzymes, low temperature slows them (p. 247).
4
Question 4
Which response happens when body temperature drops below normal?
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C
Erector muscles contract, trapping an insulating layer of air. The other three occur when temperature rises.
5
Question 5
Which hormone is secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas when blood sugar is low?
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A
Alpha cells secrete glucagon, which makes the liver convert glycogen to glucose (p. 249).
6
Question 6
After a large meal, insulin does all of the following EXCEPT
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D
Breaking down glycogen to glucose is the work of glucagon.
7
Question 7
Baroreceptors that detect blood pressure are found in the
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C
Baroreceptors are in the aortic arch and carotid artery (p. 251).
8
Question 8
Which structure is the functional unit of the kidney?
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A
Each kidney contains millions of nephrons (p. 254).
9
Question 9
Which substance is normally absent from the glomerular filtrate?
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A
Plasma proteins, red blood cells and platelets are too large to pass out of the glomerulus (p. 255).
10
Question 10
Where is all of the glucose in the filtrate reabsorbed?
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D
100% of glucose and amino acids is reabsorbed by active transport in the proximal convoluted tubule.
11
Question 11
A person runs a long distance in hot weather and sweats heavily. Which describes the changes?
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B
Water loss raises blood osmotic pressure, so more ADH is secreted, the collecting duct reabsorbs more water, and urine is small in volume and concentrated.
12
Question 12
Which is a main cause of kidney failure?
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D
Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause, followed by high blood pressure; both damage the glomerulus (p. 259).
Section B: structured questions
33 marksAnswer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
13
Question 13
Ali eats a large plate of rice and his blood sugar level rises.
[2 marks]
(a)Name the gland that responds and the hormone it secretes.
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[2 marks]
(b)State two effects of this hormone on glucose.
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[1 mark]
(c)Name the type of mechanism that returns the sugar level to normal.
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[2 marks]
(d)Ali's brother cannot produce enough insulin. State the disease and one symptom.
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14
Question 14
A pupil moves from an air-conditioned room into very cold weather.
[1 mark]
(a)Name the part of the brain that detects the change in body temperature.
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[2 marks]
(b)Describe two physical responses of the skin.
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[2 marks]
(c)Explain how shivering helps.
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[1 mark]
(d)Name one hormone that increases the metabolic rate.
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15
Question 15
Table 1 shows the content of blood plasma entering the kidney and of urine.
| Substance | Plasma (g per 1000 ml) | Urine (g per 1000 ml) |
|---|---|---|
| Protein | 80 | 0 |
| Glucose | 1 | 0 |
| Urea | 0.3 | 20 |
[2 marks]
(a)Explain why there is no protein in the urine.
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[2 marks]
(b)Explain why there is no glucose in the urine.
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[1 mark]
(c)The urea in urine is 66.7 times that in plasma (20 / 0.3). Give one reason for this increase.
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[1 mark]
(d)Name the process by which urea and H+ are added to the tubule.
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16
Question 16
A student drinks a large volume of water in a short time.
[1 mark]
(a)State the change in blood osmotic pressure.
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[2 marks]
(b)Name the hormone whose secretion changes and the gland that secretes it.
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[3 marks]
(c)Explain how the kidney responds so that blood osmotic pressure returns to normal.
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[1 mark]
(d)Name the mechanism of regulation.
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17
Question 17
Azman has kidney stones and his doctor advises him to drink more water.
[1 mark]
(a)State what kidney stones are made of (one substance).
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[2 marks]
(b)Explain one effect of kidney stones on his health.
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[2 marks]
(c)Explain why drinking water reduces the risk of stones.
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[2 marks]
(d)State two conditions that can damage the glomerulus and cause kidney failure.
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