Biology questions, chapter 10
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Environmental Sustainability
44 marks. Use Practice to check each answer as you go, or Exam to answer everything against the clock first.
Section A: objective questions
13 marksChoose the best answer for each question.
1
Question 1
Environmental sustainability ensures that
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A
Sustainability meets current needs without harming the needs of future generations (p. 202).
2
Question 2
Which activity releases methane, a greenhouse gas?
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C
Animal farming releases methane. Deforestation gives carbon dioxide and refrigerants give CFC (Table 10.1, p. 204).
3
Question 3
What is the main effect of deforestation on the soil?
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D
Without tree cover, the exposed soil is eroded by wind and water and nutrients leach away (Figure 10.3, p. 205).
4
Question 4
In eutrophication, the dissolved oxygen in water falls mainly because
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B
Dead algae and aquatic organisms are decomposed by bacteria that need oxygen (Figure 10.4, p. 205).
5
Question 5
Methylene blue in water sample P decolourises in 4 hours and in sample Q in 1 hour. Which statement is correct?
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D
Faster decolourisation means more microorganisms using oxygen, so Q has the higher BOD. Rate = 1/1 = 1 h⁻¹ for Q and 1/4 = 0.25 h⁻¹ for P.
6
Question 6
Acid rain forms when which gases dissolve in water vapour?
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A
Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides form sulphuric and nitric acid (p. 209).
7
Question 7
A power station discharges hot water into a river. Which is the most likely result?
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C
Warmer water holds less dissolved oxygen (thermal pollution, p. 209).
8
Question 8
Which is an example of ex situ conservation?
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B
Zoos and botanical parks keep species outside their original habitat (p. 212).
9
Question 9
Replanting trees in a logged area is an example of
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D
Reforestation renews a damaged ecosystem, which is restoration (p. 212).
10
Question 10
Owls are released in an oil palm estate to control rats. This practice is
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A
Biological control uses natural enemies (here owls) to control pests and reduces pesticide use (p. 215).
11
Question 11
Which is NOT a component of food security?
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C
The components are availability, access, utilisation and stability (Figure 10.10, p. 217).
12
Question 12
Which is a pillar of the National Green Technology Policy?
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B
The four pillars are energy, environment, economy and social (Figure 10.12, p. 219).
13
Question 13
A school wants to qualify its new hall as a green building. Which combination is best?
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D
A green building uses solar energy, collects rain water and uses recycled materials (Table 10.3, p. 220).
Section B: structured questions
31 marksAnswer all questions.
14
Question 14
Human activities increase the greenhouse effect and cause global warming.
[2 marks]
(a)Name two greenhouse gases.
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[2 marks]
(b)Explain how burning fossil fuels causes global warming.
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[1 mark]
(c)State one effect of global warming.
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15
Question 15
Excess fertiliser from a farm flows into a lake and eutrophication occurs.
[2 marks]
(a)Name two nutrients in the fertiliser that cause eutrophication.
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[3 marks]
(b)Explain why the fish in the lake die.
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[1 mark]
(c)State how the BOD of the lake changes.
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16
Question 16
A student tested five water samples with methylene blue. The times for the blue colour to disappear were: tap water 8 h, drain water 1 h, river water 3 h, pond water 4 h, well water 6 h. Distilled water was also tested as a control.
[1 mark]
(a)Calculate the rate of water pollution of drain water.
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[2 marks]
(b)Calculate the rate of water pollution of river water.
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[1 mark]
(c)Which sample has the lowest BOD?
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[1 mark]
(d)Why is distilled water included?
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Any 1 points
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17
Question 17
Choose the correct term for each situation on ecosystem management.
[1 mark]
(a)A forest is gazetted as a reserve and closed to development.
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Preservation
[1 mark]
(b)A cleared mangrove area is replanted with saplings.
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Restoration
[1 mark]
(c)A marine park protects turtles in their habitat. State the type of conservation.
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In situ
[1 mark]
(d)Name one place for ex situ conservation.
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18
Question 18
A company wants to reduce its impact on the environment and support food security.
[2 marks]
(a)State two components of food security.
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[3 marks]
(b)Suggest three ways the office can save electricity.
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[2 marks]
(c)Explain why using renewable energy sustains the environment.
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19
Question 19
A restaurant owner is asked to stop using plastic straws as part of a sustainability campaign.
[1 mark]
(a)State what green technology means.
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[2 marks]
(b)Discuss two effects of the campaign on the business.
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[1 mark]
(c)Suggest one alternative to plastic straws.
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